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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[The effectiveness of tilmicosin in respiratory diseases of swine].

Within the scope of the clinical evaluation of Tilmicosin in Enzootic Pneumonia of pigs, nasal swabs from 78 animals were taken, before and after oral medication of different doses (0, 100, 200, 300 mg Tilmicosin/kg dry food), and examined bacteriologically for Pasteurella multocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica und Haemophilus parasuis. The bacteria aforementioned were isolated from the nasal secretions of 83% of the pigs, 14 days after crowding without any prophylactic regime. It could be demonstrated, that pigs with clinical symptoms of Enzootic Pneumonia had a 50% higher prevalence-rate of multi-colonization with pneumotropic bacteria than healthy animals. Feeding 300 mg Tilmicosin/kg food for 9 and 14 days respectively, resulted in elimination of Pasteurella spp. and Haemophilus spp. The rate of newly Bordetella bronchiseptica infected pigs was lower than in the placebo-group. Parallel to these bacteriological results improvement of clinical signs and increased daily weight gain were observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Measurement of skin temperature as a method of detecting febrile diseases in swine].

The objective of the study was to determine whether precise estimation of rectal temperature of pigs is possible by taking their skin temperature in consideration of different factors as body weight, ambient temperature and relative air humidity. Therefore skin temperature of 272 pigs (7-222 kg BW) was measured by direct (thermo couple element) and indirect (infrared thermometer) methods at distinct localisations. In order to investigate different stages of pyretogenesis Escherichia coli endotoxin was administered to 30 of the pigs intravenously. A significant influence on skin temperature could be ascertained for the ambient temperature and the body weight, but not for the relative air humidity. From these data equations were established to estimate rectal temperature (RT) by measurement the skin temperature (ST) at the base of the ear: 1. Weaners and fattening pigs: RT = ST + 21.867 - 0.089x1 - 0.432x2 + 0.009x3, (r = 0.703) 2. Sows: RT = ST + 31.511 - 0.074x1 - 0.657x2 - 0.011x3, (r = 0.641) (x1 = ambient temperature, x2 = skin temperature, x3 = body weight) In spite of consideration of ambient temperature and body weight estimation of the rectal temperature was not suitable for clear detection of febrile pigs. Only in 35.45% of the younger pigs and in 29.30% of the sows a definite diagnose (fever yes/no) could be made. This method can only be used as a screening in the herd, if estimation of extreme values allowed the recognition of febrile illness. A follow-up control of the rectal temperature is always necessary in groups of animals, where estimations give no clear results.

Aging↗
PubMed1998

Relationships between selected climatic factors in fattening units and their influence on the development of respiratory diseases in swine.

The correlation between climatic parameters with one another in fattening units and the influence of environmental factors on lung lesions registered at slaughter were studied in 6 integrated herds with continuous production systems. In addition, the influence of environmental parameters on the spread of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (serotypes 2 and 3) and on the productivity was monitored in 2 specialized fattening herds with strict batch production. The outdoor temperature was positively correlated to the indoor temperature, but negatively correlated to the relative humidity and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the stables. These indoor parameters were also correlated to each other. The concentration of ammonia was not correlated to any other climatic parameter. No correlation between the climatic parameters measured and the prevalences of pneumonia and pleuritis registered at slaughter was shown. The rapidness in spread of mycoplasmosis seemed to be more dependent of the antibody status of the pigs on arrival than on the climate of the units. In contrast, a correlation between the climatic parameters and the spread of the less contagious infection (Actinobacillus) was indicated. The influence of the climatic parameters on the daily weight gain was not ensured.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2005

Herd sensitivity in relation to test sensitivity in swine vesicular disease serological tests.

After the swine vesicular disease (SVD) outbreaks in 1992 in the Netherlands a national monitoring programme was initiated, testing 12 samples from every pig farm three times per year. In this monitoring a slightly higher cut-off was used than the cut-off agreed on within the European community. The author has analysed the effect of this higher cut-off on the percentage of false positive and false negative results, using information on SVD antibody titres in sera obtained from the monitoring programme and the outbreaks in 1992 and 1994. The number of false positive results was reduced by 63% when using the higher cut-off. On average the test sensitivity was reduced from 100% to 88%, resulting in a change of the average herd sensitivity from 91.7% to 91.5%, when testing 12 samples per farm. When three samples per farm were tested, the average herd sensitivity changed from 64.9% to 62.9%. The results further indicate that, in contrast to what is generally presumed, there is a relationship between test sensitivity and the prevalence of infection. The results clearly show that sample size is far more important in obtaining a high herd sensitivity than achieving a high test sensitivity.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Evaluation of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays for the detection of swine vesicular disease virus.

Differential detection of swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) from the other vesicular disease viruses of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), vesicular stomatitis (VS) and vesivirus is important as the vesicular lesions produced by these viruses are indistinguishable in pigs. Two independent sets of primers and probe, designed from nucleotide sequences within the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the SVDV genome, were evaluated in a real-time (5' nuclease probe-based or fluorogenic) PCR format. Although both primers/probe sets failed to detect one isolate, the assays successfully amplified RNA extracted from epithelial suspensions (ES) and cell culture grown virus preparations from clinical samples representing all currently designated phylogenetic groups of SVDV. Furthermore, no cross-reactivity was demonstrated when these primer/probe sets were tested with RNA prepared from all seven serotypes of FMD virus (FMDV) and from selected isolates of VS virus (VSV), vesivirus and teschoviruses. These assays provide sensitive and rapid alternatives to supplement the routine procedures of ELISA and virus isolation for SVDV diagnosis. The two independent sets of primers/probe can be used routinely while only one of the primers/probe sets would typically be used in SVDV diagnosis during an outbreak.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Pathogenesis of swine vesicular disease in pigs.

Pigs exposed to swine vesicular disease virus developed vesicular lesions by postinoculation day 2. Lesions first appeared on the coronary band and then on the dewclaw, tongue, snout, lips, and bulbs of the heels. The onset of viremia coincided with febrile response and the appearance of vesicles. Virus was isolated from the nasal discharge, esophageal-pharyngeal fluid, and feces as early as postinoculation day 1. Greater amounts of virus were isolated from samples collected during the first week of infection, and lesser amounts from samples collected during the second week. The appearance and the distribution of specific fluorescence in various tissues indicated that during the development of swine vesicular disease virus infection, the epithelial tissues were initially involved, followed by a generalized infection of lymph tissues, and subsequently, a primary viremia. Seroconversion was detectable as early as postinoculation day 4. A mild nonsuppurative meningoencephalomyelitis throughout the CNS was observed in both inoculated and contact-exposed pigs. The olfactory bulbs were most severely and were frequently affected, particularly in contact pigs. The most severe brain lesions were found in pigs 3 to 4 days after the onset of viremia; contact pigs showed more severe brain lesions than inoculated pigs. Microscopic changes were also found in the coronary band, snout, tongue, and heart.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Swine vesicular disease, studies on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and epizootiology: a review.

Swine vesicular disease (SVD) is a contagious viral disease of swine. It causes vesicular lesions indistinguishable from those observed of foot-and-mouth disease. Infection with SVD virus (SVDV) can lead to viraemia within 1 day and can produce clinical signs 2 days after a pig has come into contact with infected pigs or a virus-contaminated environment. Virus can be detected 3.5 hours after infection using immunohistochemistry. In these in vitro studies, this technique was superior to in-situ hybridization. In SVDV-infected tissues, however, more infected cells were positive using in-situ hybridization, and these were already seen 4.5 hours after infection. For serological diagnosis of SVD several new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA's) have been developed. The newest ELISAs, based on monoclonal antibodies, are superior to the previous tests. The new tests produce fewer less false-negative results and enable large-scale serological screening. In screening programmes a small percentage of false positive reactors have been detected. The cause of these false-positive reactions has not been identified, though infections with human Coxsackie B5 virus can be excluded.

Animals↗