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PubMed1979

Exercise-induced anaphylactic reaction to shellfish.

The syndrome of immediate type I food hypersensitivity, mediated by tissue-bound IgE antibody and mast cell histamine release, is well recorded in the medical literature. This case study represents a previously undescribed late food hypersensitivity, induced only by strenuous exercise. Identification of this new syndrome illustrates classical epidemiologic analysis, improves medical advice for the allergic and athletically inclined, and raises new questions in the areas of allergy and immunology.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Transfer constants for blood-brain barrier permeation of the neuroexcitatory shellfish toxin, domoic acid.

The cause of the toxic mussel poisoning episode in 1987 was traced to a plankton-produced excitotoxin, domoic acid. Experiments were undertaken to quantitate the degree to which blood-borne domoic acid can permeate the microvasculature to enter the brain. Pentobarbital-anesthetized, adult rats received an i.v. injection of 3H-domoic acid which was permitted to circulate for 3-60 min. Transfer constants (Ki) describing blood-to-brain diffusion of tracer were calculated from analysis of the relationship between brain vs plasma radioactivity with time. Mean values (mL.g-1.s-1 X 10(6] for permeation into 7 brain regions (n = 10 rats) ranged from 1.60 +/- 0.13 (SE) to 1.86 +/- 0.33 (cortex, pons-medulla respectively), and carrier transport or regional selectivity in uptake were not evident. Nephrectomy prior to domoic acid injection resulted in the elevation of circulating plasma tracer level and brain uptake. The Ki values are comparable to those for other polar compounds such as sucrose, and indicate that the blood-brain barrier greatly limits the amount of toxin that enters the brain. Together with absorbed dosage, integrity of the cerebrovascular barrier and normal kidney function are important to the outcome of accidentally ingesting domoic acid.

Animals↗