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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Isolation of extrachromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid for exfoliative toxin production from phage group II Staphylococcus aureus.

The ability of phage group II staphylococcal strain UT 0101 to produce exfoliative toxin and bacteriocin could be eliminated at a high frequency after growth at high temperatures or in the presence of ethidium bromide or sodium dodecyl sulfate. Extrachromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid, associated with the genes for exfoliative toxin and bacteriocin production, was isolated from strain UT 0101 but was absent from an ethidium bromide-cured substrain. The molecular weight of the exfoliative toxin plasmid, determined by co-sedimentation with the penicillinase plasmid, PI258, was 3.3 times 10-7. The 56S covalently closed circular form of the exfoliative toxin plasmid converted to a 38S open circular form after storage or exposure to sodium dodecyl sulfate. Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid associated with penicillin resistance could not be identified in the penicillin-resistance Tox+ strains, UT 0007 and UT 0001.

Bacteriocins↗
PubMed1981

Restriction endonuclease map of phage group 2 Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxin plasmid.

A restriction endonuclease map of the phage group 2 Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxin plasmid pRW001 was constructed. The orientation of the restriction endonuclease fragments was determined by a series of single and double enzyme digestions. The location of the deletions found in pRW002, a naturally occurring deletion mutant of the exfoliative toxin plasmid, was determined by comparing the restriction endonuclease fingerprints of the two plasmids. This physical map provided a means for comparing other insertion or deletion mutants of the exfoliative toxin plasmid.

Bacterial Toxins↗
PubMed1975

[Factors influencing transduction of genetic determinants of penicillinase activity and pathogenicity in staphylococcus aureua. II. Antiphage activity of acridine derivatives].

Acridine dyes examined earlier (acrichine, acridine orange, proflavine and rivanol) and newly-synthesized preparations (acridines No. No. 37--40) were studied in the capacity of nonspecific agents influencing the lytic cycle in development of staphylococcus phages. Acrichine and acridine No. 37 failed to prevent lysis of the indicator staphylococcus cultures (strains 16/160 and 8325) by bacteriophages; proflavine, rivanol, acridines No. No. 39--40 produced a marked inhibitory effect; acridine orange and acridine No. 38 inhibited the staphylococcus lysis completely. Some preparations could be used to investigate the transduction phenomenon.

Acridines↗
PubMed1975

A study of the number and phage patterns of Staphylococcus aureus in an abattoir.

Two hundred and forty-seven samples were taken from various areas within an abattoir and the levels of Staphylococcus aureus determined. Sixty-one phage patterns were found in the 141 samples containing coagulase-positive staphylococci. The incidence of coagulase positive staphylococci increased as processing progressed. Articles such as mesh gloves, hands and aprons which were either difficult to effectively clean or maintained at elevated temperatures harboured the greatest numbers of staphylococci. Over 50% of the positive samples contained multiple phage patterns of staphylococci.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1981

Purification, fine structure and characterization of temperate phages from drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Three kinds of temperate Staphylococcus aureus phages were differentiated by serological, sedimentation and electron microscopic studies. Phage S1 had a long hexagonal head and a long tail, a density in Cs2SO4 of 1.364 g/ml and belonged to serological group A; phage S2 had a short hexagonal head and a short tail, a density of 1.385 to 1.392 g/ml and belonged to serological group B; phage S3 had a shape similar to phage S2 except for some minor differences, but had a density of 1.416 g/ml and belonged to serological group F. S. aureus MS27 was found to be singly lysogenic for S2. However, S. aureus MS3878 was a doubly lysogenic strain carrying S1 and S2 and S. aureus E169 was a triply lysogenic strain carrying S1, S2 and S3. All these temperate phages showed similarity in shape to typing phages belonging to the same serological group. The temperate S. aureus phages revealed the presence of a hexagonal baseplate with spikes. The burst sizes of phages of S1, S2 and S3 were about 50, 110 and 120 respectively. The DNA from S1, S2 and S3 ranged from 29.4 to 30 megadaltons in size.

DNA, Viral↗
PubMed1980

Genetic mapping in phage group 2 Staphylococcus aureus.

Two regimens for transformation have been devised for the phage group 2 strains UT0002-19 and UT0017 of Staphylococcus aureus. Strain UT0002-19 produces exfoliative toxin, which is responsible for the clinical manifestations of the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, whereas strain UT0017 does not produce exfoliative toxin. A large pool of antibiotic-resistant and auxotrophic mutants from strains UT0002-19 and UT0017 were isolated by using (i) antibiotic gradient plates, (ii) trimethoprim selection, and (iii) nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis, which sometimes was coupled by enrichment with penicillin or methicillin. Transformation frequencies of genetic markers in mutant strains ranged from 10(-6) to 10(-8). Three genetic linkage groups were identified on the strain UT0017 chromosome. The first linkage group was thy-4-lys-5-trp-21-thr-4, the second was pyr-26-nov-9-his-3, and the third consisted of ilv-9 and pen-1, a genetic determinant for beta-lactamase synthesis. Two linkage groups were detected on the strain UT0002-19 CHROMOSOMe. The first was defined as thy-1-lys-5-trp-3-thr-4-ala-8, whereas the second consisted of nov-9 and his-3 markers. A chromosomal locus that controlled synthesis of exfoliative toxin could not be mapped.

Bacterial Toxins↗
PubMed1963

The vivo interaction between staphylococcus bacteriophage and Staphylococcus aureus.

Staphylococcus bacteriophage 81 is capable of in vivo interaction with Staphylococcus aureus, Type 80/81. This is immediately made evident by increased levels of bacteriophage and concomitant survival of 81 per cent infected mice. The reaction is dependent upon the use of active, type-specific bacteriophage. The maximal protective effect is observed at a bacteriophage to bacteria ratio of 1:2 and decreased quantities of bacteriophage result in decreased protection. Time and sequence of administration are also determining factors. It is evident that bacteriophage administered intravenously is capable of interaction with the infecting bacterial cell at the site of infection. In vivo produced bacteriophage is apparently eliminated or otherwise rendered nondetectable fairly rapidly, occurring within a period of 5 to 10 days. However, it appears that host defense mechanisms are stimulated in the process and actively play a protective role against subsequent challenge inocula administered up to 3 weeks later.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Structural aberrations in group A Staphylococcus bacteriophages.

Six related Staphylococcus phages spontaneously produced various abnormal head and tail structures: (i) giant capsids which were tailed and apparently contained nucleic acid; (ii) regular and irregular smooth polyheads; (iii) heads and polyheads with wavy outlines; (iv) mottled heads and polyheads; (v) abnormally long and short tails; and (vi) "double capsids" connected by a small bridge. Some of these structures are rare, or have not yet been reported. The frequency os specific aberrant particles varied from one phage to another. Length distribution of smooth irregular polyheads and of abnormal tails indicated that these structures assemble at random from protein synthesized in excess. These phages represent an interesting model for genetic and morphogentic studies.

Capsid↗