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Results for “Subcutaneous Emphysema”

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PubMed2006

Subcutaneous emphysema: a rare manifestation of a perforated diverticulitis in a patent inguinal canal.

Patients with complicated diverticulitis rarely present with extraperitoneal manifestations but the manifestation of subcutaneous emphysema appears even more seldom. We present the case of a patient with a history of diabetes and immunosuppression, who was admitted with sepsis in association with cellulitis and subcutaneous emphysema of the left groin. The absence of peritonism due to corticosteroid treatment, a history of a recent fall with an ilio- and ischio-pubic fracture and subcutaneous emphysema led to a delay in the diagnosis. The final diagnosis was a perforated diverticulitis in a patent inguinal canal, which was only revealed after surgery. The various complications of diverticulitis, including extraperitoneal manifestations, and associated microorganisms implicated in cellulitis and subcutaneous emphysema are briefly reviewed.

Aged, 80 and over↗
PubMed1996

Bronchiolitis obliterans presenting as subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum: a case report.

We describe a woman post allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), who presented to the emergency room with subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum as the first manifestation of bronchiolitis obliterans complicating mild chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD). In contrast to other patients with pneumomediastinum described in the literature, this patient suffered from only mild GVHD. She did not receive methotrexate as GVHD prophylaxis, and the pneumomediastinum was a presenting manifestation rather than a terminal event. In addition, this is the first description of subcutaneous emphysema with this setting. Therefore, bronchiolitis obliterans should be highly suspected in post-BMT patients presenting with pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema, and prompt therapy should be initiated.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Emphysematous cystitis presenting with subcutaneous emphysema.

A case is reported of subcutaneous emphysema of the neck in association with emphysematous cystitis and uncontrolled diabetes. Problems in its management are discussed. Anatomic pathway for the spread of the gas from the bladder to the subcutaneous tissues of the neck and the back is speculated.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Severe subcutaneous emphysema following orbital blowout fracture.

A 19-year-old man sustained a blowout fracture to the left orbital floor. Subcutaneous emphysema developed after a protracted sneezing episode. Some signs of respiratory distress ensued, and the patient was emergently intubated. He underwent surgical repair of the fracture and then had further extension of the subcutaneous emphysema. The left nasal cavity was packed and the emphysema slowly resolved. Clinically significant subcutaneous emphysema is an uncommon complication of orbital blowout fracture. Informing the patient to avoid excessive nose-blowing and to avoid occluding the nose while sneezing may prevent this complication.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema in connection with a normal labor].

A case of mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema associated with a normal labour is presented and the literature is reviewed. Mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema is a rare but potentially benign complication of normal labour, frequently observed in healthy young primiparae. Treatment should be directed towards exclusion of serious underlying disease. In mild cases, observation may be sufficient. Antibiotics are not considered necessary as a routine. If the complication is detected during labour, the delivery should be terminated with as little distress as possible for the mother employing forceps/vacuum extraction with a large episiotomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Subcutaneous emphysema with spontaneous pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax in adult dermatomyositis.

We describe a 32-year-old patient with adult dermatomyositis who developed dyspnea and worsening of pre-existing infarcted skin lesions of the fingers. Chest radiographs showed diffuse hazy reticulonodular infiltration in both lungs, subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and pneumothorax. The pulmonary symptoms and cutaneous lesions gradually improved with a high dose of prednisolone. Although subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum occur frequently in association with traumatic disruption of cutaneous and mucosal barriers and assisted ventilation, it has rarely been observed in patients with interstitial pneumonitis in connective tissue diseases. Although dermatomyositis and subcutaneous emphysema are all relatively well-known diseases to dermatologists, the occurrence of spontaneous pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax and subsequent subcutaneous emphysema in connective tissue diseases such as dermatomyositis is unfamiliar. We discuss the possible mechanisms of this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Laparoscopic extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair complicated by subcutaneous emphysema.

The case of a healthy 59-yr-old man who underwent elective laparoscopic extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair and general anaesthesia is presented. After one hour of surgery, a sudden increase in the FETCO2 from 5.0% to 9.4% in relation to a massive subcutaneous emphysema, but without any haemodynamic instability, was noticed. The acute rise of FETCO2 was the first sign of an abnormal event. Nevertheless, subcutaneous emphysema was diagnosed with chest wall examination and palpation. Subcutaneous emphysema and hypercarbia are potential complications of laparoscopic surgery, but are more likely to occur in extraperitoneal surgery, since insufflated CO2 can diffuse easily into the surrounding tissues. High insufflation pressures will increase chances of this occurring and was the most likely cause of this complication. This case encouraged us to make recommendations for the management of laparoscopic extraperitoneal surgery which included: monitoring of CO2 insufflation pressure, routine examination and palpation of chest wall, use of N2O with caution, adjusting ventilation to physiological FETCO2 and excluding other causes of subcutaneous emphysema and hypercarbia.

Hernia, Inguinal↗
PubMed2000

Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum after endotracheal anaesthesia.

INTRODUCTION: We report a case of subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum that presented postoperatively after tracheal extubation. CLINICAL PICTURE: A 51-year-old man had an uneventful anaesthesia lasting about 6.5 hours. Intubation was performed by a very junior medical officer and was considered difficult. He developed sore throat, chest pain, numbness of both hands and palpable crepitus around the neck postoperatively. Chest X-ray revealed diffuse subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum and possible pneumopericardium. TREATMENT: He was treated conservatively with bed rest, oxygen, analgesia, antibiotic prophylaxis, reassurance and close monitoring. OUTCOME: The patient made an uneventful recovery. CONCLUSIONS: We discussed the possible causes.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed2001

[Subcutaneous emphysema caused by postoperative vomiting].

The authors present 3 cases of subcutaneous emphysema after postoperative vomiting treated during a 4-year period. All patients were female, they underwent positioning during general anaesthesia--rotation on their abdomen and they vomited postoperatively with subsequent development of subcutaneous emphysema. The course was benign in all cases after conservative treatment. The authors discuss the possible etiology, diagnosis and treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Subcutaneous emphysema: a new form of self abuse.

Subcutaneous emphysema is usually the result of trauma or surgery. We report an unusual case of a disturbed adolescent who presented with cervicofacial emphysema as a result of self abuse.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Subcutaneous emphysema.

This case describes the development of subcutaneous emphysema following restorative dentistry performed under general anesthesia. Initial treatment consisted of intravenous epinephrine and dexamethasone due to difficulty in breathing and laryngeal stridor. Dexamethasone and other adjunctive drugs were administered over the 4 days following surgery while the symptoms subsided. The author emphasizes the importance of early recognition and prompt management in managing this unusual complication.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Malfunction of a unipolar pacemaker system following development of marked subcutaneous emphysema.

Failure of a unipolar pacemaker system due to subcutaneous emphysema is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication after implantation. We report on a pacemaker dysfunction observed three days after implantation in a 91-year-old patient following development of marked subcutaneous emphysema. Function was immediately restored following application of pressure bandages and the condition resolved within a few days.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Severe subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum associated with minor maxillofacial trauma.

In the maxillofacial region, subcutaneous emphysema, which occurs after fractures of the pneumatic paranasal sinuses, is a common finding in a maxillofacial surgeon's daily practice. Pneumomediastinum secondary to these fractures is a less frequent event, however, without thoracic or abdominal injuries. The authors report a case of severe subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum that occurred after fractures of the nasal bones and medial orbital wall. The etiology, diagnosis, and treatment modalities of mediastinal emphysema are discussed.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1993

Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum following dental extraction.

A case of acute subcutaneous emphysema of the lateral region of the neck is described. The patient, a 26-year-old woman, also had radiologic evidence of pneumomediastinum. She completely recovered in a few days under prophylactic antibiotherapy. In this case, subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema was most probably due to the introduction of air into the soft tissue during dental surgery using compressed air equipment.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Hamman's syndrome: pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema occurring in labour.

The syndrome of pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema is a rare and interesting complication of labour. The first case was recorded in 1784 and since that time some 200 other cases have been published. However, very little has appeared in the anaesthetic journals. This case concerns a patient who required general anaesthesia for manual removal of the placenta following a seemingly normal labour and delivery. The procedure was carried out without incident. However, as anaesthesia was being terminated it was noted that there was extensive subcutaneous emphysema over the head and neck. Chest X-ray showed a pneumomediastinum. It is postulated that the use of nitrous oxide may have exacerbated and so highlighted a pre-existing pneumomediastinum since there were no other features of the anaesthetic to account for this pathology. The pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of this condition are discussed together with a historical literature review.

Journal Article↗