PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Subsidence”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Subsidizing pharmaceutical prescriptions: the experience of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.

In 1980, drug consumption per capita was 455 Swedish crowns (SEK) in Sweden, SEK 452 in Denmark, SEK 384 in Finland and SEK 382 in Norway; actual figures for Denmark, Finland and Norway being converted into Swedish crowns using the mean 1980 exchange rates. To what extent can these differences be explained by differences in the drug reimbursement programmes of these four Nordic countries? For instance, is it the greater generosity of the Swedish system--in Sweden, the share of drug reimbursement expenditures to total drug consumption is 57%, as against 33% in Norway, 38% in Finland and 34% in Denmark--that makes drug consumption per capita so much higher in Sweden? If the demand for drugs were elastic and if all other influencing factors, besides the reimbursement system, were the same in all the four Nordic countries, then a definite conclusion would, obviously, be fairly easy to reach. However, a number of factors do differ: for instance, income per capita, physician remuneration schemes (and, hence, maybe, physician behaviour) and consumer charges for inpatient and outpatient care; and other factors such as morbidity and patterns of illness may differ. A complete analysis has to take all these factors into account. Too many factors seem to vary to make the sole use of cross-section data meaningful in this case. Time-series data are available and will be used in future analyses.

Cost Control↗
PubMed2006

The postural disorientation induced by neck muscle vibration subsides on lightly touching a stationary surface or aiming at it.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the standing body spatial disorientation, induced by neck muscle vibration, and the related post-effects can be suppressed by light finger touch (LFT) of a stationary surface. Continuous (60 s) vibration of dorsal neck or sternocleidomastoid muscle was administered with eyes closed. The center of foot pressure (CFP) displacement, measured by a stabilometric platform, indicated the degree of vibration-induced body tilt. We also investigated whether sensory information from LFT itself was necessary or anticipation of a more secure posture was enough for reducing vibration effects. To this aim, we administered a vibration pulse (5 s) to dorsal neck or sternocleidomastoid muscle and during reaching to the stationary surface. CFP was recorded during both vibration and post-vibration condition and during the aiming task. Neck vibration induced significant CFP displacement in the direction opposite to vibration site. Post-vibration, CFP slowly returned to control values with ample oscillations. LFT during vibration reduced body tilt. LFT was more effective when fingertip contact was in the plane of the greatest tilt. LFT applied during either vibration or post-vibration period reduced post-vibration effects. Reaching toward the stationary surface was enough for reducing vibration-induced body tilt to values close to those observed during actual LFT. The novel conclusions of this study are: 1) LFT is able to relieve the effects of vibration-induced abnormal proprioceptive input from the neck, a segment central to postural control and orientation; 2) LFT during vibration also attenuates vibration post-effects, further suggesting that its action is not merely mechanical; 3) the intention to stabilize the body generates a new postural 'set' sufficient for diminishing body tilt.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Subsidized in-vitro fertilization treatment and the effect on the number of egg sharers.

Egg sharing remains a controversial practice, mainly because of the presumed element of payment. In order to find out to what extent financial considerations motivated the women to share their oocytes, the data on egg sharing in Belgium are analysed. Belgium began providing full reimbursement for six in-vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles on 1 July 2003. Since this date, the numbers of egg sharers dropped approximately 70%. Although these data show that a large number of the donors were mainly motivated by the reduced cost of IVF, it cannot be concluded that money was the only motive to share. Nevertheless, to increase voluntary consent by egg sharers, public funding for infertility treatment should be provided.

Altruism↗
PubMed2006

End-stage renal disease in diabetic persons: is the pandemic subsiding?

Analysis of data compiled by the United States Renal Data System and the National Health Interview Survey as reported in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Weekly Morbidity and Mortality Report indicates that between 1990 and 2002, there has been a sharp decline in incidence rate of the number of persons with diabetes who develop end-stage renal disease. Although it is comforting to practitioners to attribute this improvement to a widely advocated regimen of renoprotection, consisting of careful regulation of hypertensive blood pressure, improved glycemic control, and lifestyle modification, evidence for this causal relationship is appearing only now. There is need to clarify the source of this epidemiologic change that will lessen the projected burden on medical and socioeconomic resources in the immediate future.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed2005

[Language promotion in kindergartens in Biberach county--an analysis of the state foundation subsidized language intervention project].

The Programme Sprachförderung im Kindergarten was carried out in 83 nursery-schools in the Landkreis Biberach/Germany from fall 2003 till summer 2004. The Programme was offered by the Kreisgesundheitsamt des Landkreises Biberach in cooperation with the Sozial- und Jugendamt and the Hör-Sprachzentrum Ravensburg and contained a language-intervention programme and a training for the nursery-school teachers. Language screenings where conducted at the beginning and the end of the programme including 1479 Children of the age of 4 - 6 years. 23 % of the native German and 62 % of the migrant children showed a need for intervention. These children where fostered with the Ravensburger Modell for 6 months. The increase in performance was highly significant. Nevertheless the fostered children could not achieve the performance level of the native German children without language retardation with the exception of two tasks (word families and understanding of questions). The most significant increase in performance showed the poorest performers of the intervention-group. According to the increase in performance the programme was successful, but also obviously too short for the poorer performers to catch up. Therefore we advise further language-intervention programmes in nursery-schools to be conducted as early as possible. Furthermore analytical observation and supervision must be standard to maintain a high level of effectiveness.

Child Development↗