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PubMed1971

Tooth extraction.

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Tooth Extraction↗
PubMed2000

[The nonhealing of the buccal mucosa after tooth extraction. Apropos a case of histiocytosis X].

We report a case of eosinophilic granuloma falsely diagnosed as a radicular cyst in a 28-year-old patient. Between August 1996 and June 1997, successful extraction [correction of avulsion] of teeth 36 and 37 was followed by non-healing of the mucosa in the corresponding sockets. Three bone biopsies were needed to establish the diagnosis of histiocytosis X. In case of non-healing of the intraoral mucosa after tooth extraction [correction of avulsion], the first step is to rule out a malignant tumor. A clinical and radiographic work-up as well as biopsy are needed. Less common conditions such as tuberculosis or histiocytosis X requiring specific treatment can be diagnosed by pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Intra-alveolar granulocytic sarcoma developing after tooth extraction.

Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a malignant tumour composed of poorly differentiated myeloid cells forming in an extramedullary site. It is generally associated with acute leukaemia, particularly the myelocytic type. Its appearance in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia is exceptional. GS can appear in multiple locations with the oral cavity being rarely involved. A mandibular GS detected in a patient with chronic myeloid leukaemia 10 days after a tooth extraction is reported. The pathogenesis (by metastatic cells or migration through the Haversian canals) of the tumour is discussed.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1974

Bacteremia after tooth extractions studied with the aid of prereduced anaerobically sterilized culture media.

Both prereduced molten agar and broth and aerobic molten agar and broth were inoculated with blood samples collected from patients with periodontitis, but in otherwise good health, both before and after extraction of two or more teeth. Postoperative blood samples from 23 of 25 patients sampled yielded anaerobic and facultative species. Colony counts from nine samples yielded from less than 1 to over 100 colonies per ml of blood. Organisms detected were species belonging to the genera Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Leptotrichia, Propionibacterium, Peptococcus, Veillonella, plus Streptococcus mitis, S. salivarius, vibrio forms, and strains resembling S. mutans. The data indicate that prereduced anaerobically sterilized culture medium with polyanethol sulfonate is effective for detecting anaerobic species in bacteremia and that anaerobic species can be prevalent in bacteremias immediately after tooth extraction in patients with periodontitis.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1990

Studies on the enhanced effect of acupuncture analgesia and acupuncture anesthesia by D-phenylalanine (2nd report)--schedule of administration and clinical effects in low back pain and tooth extraction.

D-phenylalanine (DPA) is known to block the activity of carboxypeptidase, an enzyme which degrades enkephalins, endogenous morphine-like substances. Therefore, it is considered that DPA administered as an inhibiting drug of this degrading enzyme might prolong analgesia induced by acupuncture. 1) Thirty patients suffering from chronic low back pain were treated with acupuncture 30 minutes after the oral administration of 4.0 grams of DPA. The results were: excellent in 7 cases, good in 11, fair in 6 and poor in 6. Cases graded excellent and good were then compared with a placebo group. The effect was increased 26% in the DPA-acupuncture group, which shows no statistically significant difference (P less than 0.1). 2) In 56 patients, tooth extraction was performed under acupuncture anesthesia: 18 had received 4.0 gram of DPA (P.O.) 30 minutes earlier. The results were excellent in 8, good in 6, fair in 3, and poor in 1. The excellent and good cases were compared with 38 placebo group cases. The effect in the DPA-acupuncture anesthesia group was significantly increased by 35% (P less than 0.01). 3) In order to determine the optimum time for the administration of DPA, two schedules of administration were compared. [1] DPA was given on the previous day in three 0.5 gram doses (26 cases). [2] A single 4 gram dose was administered 30 minutes before treatment (30 cases). The results from the "excellent", "good" and "fair" cases showed a 16% increase in effectiveness when DPA was administered the day before, not a statistically significant difference (P less than 0.1), but a clear tendency to increase was observed. The above findings show that DPA has an enhancing effect on acupuncture analgesia and anesthesia in clinical practice.

Acupuncture Analgesia↗
PubMed1990

[Study of structural changes in canine maxillary trabecular bone after tooth extraction].

All teeth on the right side of the upper and lower jaws were extracted from canine specimens; and changes in maxillary trabecular-bone structure caused by the resultant reduction in functional pressure were studied by means of image analysis of trabecular-bone density, width, specific length (which indicates bone length to unit area), and trabecular-bone orientations. Results 1. Trabecular-bone density Over the 13-month period, in comparison with the normal side, trabecular-bone density on the experimental side dropped to 69.4% in the incisor region, 82.2% in the premolar region, and from 60.0 to 68.0% in the molar region. The greatest reduction occurred in the molar region. 2. Trabecular-bone width Over the 13-month period, in comparison with the normal side, trabecular-bone width on the experimental side dropped to 86.9% in the incisor region, 86.1% in the premolar region, and from 66.4 to 71.4% in the molar region. The greatest reduction occurred in the molar region. 3. Specific length Over the 13-month period, in comparison with the normal side, specific length on the experimental side dropped to 81.9% in the incisor region, 82.9% in the premolar region, and from 65.6 to 70.5% in the molar region. The greatest reduction occurred in the molar region. 4. Orientation No regular trabecular-bone orientation was observed in the tooth-extraction sockets. In the incisor region, trabecular bone was often distributed at from 100 degrees to 120 degrees in relation to the dental roots. As time passed after extraction, the amount of bone with this orientation gradually decreased. At 13 months, amounts with bone orientation of from 40 degrees to 60 degrees had increased. In the premolar region, a great deal of trabecular bone was oriented at from 140 degrees to 150 degrees in relation to the dental roots. As time passed after extraction, the amount of bone with this orientation gradually decreased. At 13 months, amounts with bone orientation of from 110 degrees to 130 degrees had increased. In the molar buccal region, trabecular bone was often distributed at from 20 degrees to 40 degrees, and 90 degrees in relation to the dental roots. In the molar palatal region, trabecular bone was often distributed at from 120 degrees to 140 degrees in relation to the dental roots. At 13 months, the amount of trabecular bone oriented at about 90 degrees had increased.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1979

Frequency of tooth extraction in orthodontic treatment.

Orthodontic extraction frequency describes the percentage of an orthodontic patient population experiencing extractions of one or more permanent teeth, excluding third molars. It is a useful statistical measure of the many variables associated with the extraction-nonextraction decision. For a study sample of 537 North American white orthodontic patients, the frequency of tooth extraction was determined as 42.1 percent. This is compared with a range of 6.5 percent to 83.5 percent reported in the world dental literature. Factors responsible for the enormous differences in orthodontic extraction frequency are explored. The study of extraction frequency offers a simple, valuable aid for the clinician to understand better the nature of his patient population, his treatment methods, and his rationalizations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Disuse and functional overload induced by tooth extraction alters neuromuscular morphology in C57BL/6J mice.

The effects of functional disuse and overload on the morphology of neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) in masseter muscles of 8 month old C57BL/6J mice were studied. In order to stimulate disuse caused by tooth loss, teeth were extracted from one upper quadrant of 10 mice. The side where teeth were removed was functionally disused (D), since occlusion could not be achieved. Similarly, the intact contralateral (CL) side experienced overload. Morphological measurements were taken of zinc iodide osmium (ZIO)-stained NMJs from control animals, and treated animals at 7 days (7D) and 4 months (4M) post-extraction. Data was analyzed with repeated measures multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Test animals did not lose weight, which indicated that sufficient food was consumed after tooth extraction. Fiber diameters from the 7D group were smaller than the controls, while those from the 4M animals were larger. In both the 7D and 4M animals, the CL fibers were larger than the D fibers. There was a trend towards larger NMJs in the 4M animals than in control animals of the same age. NMJs from the CL side of the 4M animals had 14% larger nerve terminal areas (p<0. 1), while on the 4M D side they were 6% larger (p<0.10). NMJs from the 4M D group had 5% longer nerve terminals (p<0.07), while the 4M CL NMJs were 6% longer (p<0.05). NMJs from the D side of the 7D animals were 5% smaller in area while on the CL side they were 11% smaller (p<0.1). Nerve terminals in 7D animals were 6% longer (p<0.05) than in controls. Changes in NMJ morphology following tooth extraction were probably due to differences in degeneration -regeneration of nerve terminals. Acute disuse and overload probably produced greater nerve terminal retraction, whereas chronic changes consisted of a recovery characterized by NMJ plasticity similar to that observed in exercise, disuse and aging studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The effect of tooth extraction on periodontal ligament mechanoreceptors represented in the mesencephalic nucleus of the cat.

When a force is applied to a tooth, mechanoreceptors in the periodontal ligament are stimulated. When teeth are extracted the remnants of the periodontal ligament break down and disappear, but it is not known what happens to the mechanoreceptor neurones that innervated it. The present study seeks to determine the effect of tooth extraction on the population of periodontal ligament mechanoreceptor neurones represented in the mesencephalic nucleus of the fifth cranial nerve. The incisor and canine teeth were extracted from adult cats; terminal experiments were performed between 7.5 months and 2 yr later. Recordings were made in the mesencephalic nucleus with microelectrodes, and neurones were identified in the inferior alveolar nerve that previously innervated the periodontal ligament of one of the extracted mandibular teeth. The majority of these neurones responded only to electrical stimuli applied to the edentulous ridge of the mandible in the area where the incisor or canine teeth had previously been. It was not possible to stimulate them mechanically, despite the use of large forces. A small number had reinnervated new soft-tissue sites. They could be mechanically stimulated and were found adjacent to the area in which the mandibular incisor and canine teeth had been. Thus the population of periodontal ligament mechanoreceptor neurones represented in the mesencephalic nucleus do not all degenerate after tooth extraction. As the majority of those still present do not appear to reinnervate new tissues in which they can be mechanically stimulated, it is unlikely that they have any functional role after tooth loss.

Animals↗