Programs for weight reduction in industrial groups.
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Humans↗
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Results for “Weight Reduction Programs”
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Community programs for weight reduction: experience of the Bureau of Nutrition, New York City.
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Adolescent↗
A health education program for weight reduction in a hypertension clinic.
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Adult↗
Controlled-release diethylpropion hydrochloride used in a program for weight reduction.
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation in obese adults given comparable dietary and exercise recommendations, controlled-release diethylpropion hydrochloride promoted significantly more weight loss than matching placebo. The mean reduction in 12 weeks was 15.9 lb (average 1.32 lb/week) for 12 patients taking diethylpropion hydrochloride, 10.0 lb (0.84 lb/week) for 13 taking placebo, and 12.2 lb for 13 taking drug for two four-week periods separated by four weeks of placebo (1.38 lb/week on active drug and 0.30 lb/week on placebo). Amphetamine-like side effects were virtually absent. Diethylpropion hydrochloride is an effective adjunct to caloric restriction in therapy of obesity.
Adolescent↗
[Evaluation of the effectiveness of a physical exercise program in weight reduction].
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a programme of individualised physical exercise in reducing fat weight. DESIGN: A randomised preventive trial. SETTING: Health Centre. PATIENTS: Obese people of both sexes, between 32 and 67 years old and with a fat percentage of 20-45% (men)/25-50% (women), were selected at random from among chronic patients at the Centre, with the exclusion of patients with heart diseases and of others with pathologies which made the programme's completion difficult. Two samples, comparable in gender, age and fat percentage (n1=49, n2=47), were obtained. INTERVENTIONS: THE study lasted 6 months, with 3 evaluations. The Intervention Group (G1) was advised to walk: the frequency, length and intensity of the exercise was calculated individually with a computer programme. Measurements and main results. Weight, height and 4 cutaneous folds were measured in each evaluation, where the Index of corporal mass (ICM), fat percentage and fat weight (FW) were calculated. The programme's acceptance was assessed according to compliance and subjective improvement. In the last evaluation, the GI achieved a 2.9% average decrease in the ICM, with no appreciable changes in the CG (p < 0.001). The FW in the GI decreased by 18%, whereas in the GC it increased by 12% (p < 0.001). Sixteen patients of the GI (32.7%) succeeded in reducing their FW by more than 20%, as against one individual (2.1%) of the GC (p < 0.0001). In the GI, 93.9% noted improvement in their physical, and 75.5% in their mental, well-being. 67.3% stated that they exercised more than three days a week. CONCLUSIONS: An individually tailored and complete prescription of exercise facilitates and improves compliance, achieving greater decrease in fat weight.
Adult↗
[Economy of coupons: its application to a program of weight reduction in adolescents].
The results obtained in a group of 12 obese adolescents are reported. They were managed following a motivational system called economy of coupons with the purpose of obtaining a drop in the overweight they showed. The study was divided into three stages: A, B and C. Only stage B included the experimental variable (economy of coupons). The patients kept a notebook with daily records of weight, diet and physical exercise to be evaluated by the research workers. If they reached the goals set for them, they were given strengthening stimuli to support such activity. From the analysis of the group for the body weight and its statistic comparison, it was found that in the A - B interaction, the "p" level was significant in the weight loss. In the B - C interaction, the value for "p" was less than 0.05 in relation to the ponderal increment and in A - C interaction, there was no significance. From this study, the evidence showed that results of A - C interaction were poor and therefore, rehabilitation was not obtained. From the above results, the inclusion of a fourth stage is suggested for further studies where the application of economy of coupons would gradually disappear until a desired behavior is maintained.
Adolescent↗
Cutoff and target values for intra-abdominal fat area for prevention of metabolic disorders in pre- and post-menopausal obese women before and after weight reduction.
BACKGROUND: The Japan Society for the Study of Obesity originally proposed a cutoff value of >100 cm(2) for the intra-abdominal fat area (IFA) as a definition for "visceral fat obesity" in Japanese adults. There are no studies on the cutoff or target values after weight reduction in pre- and post-menopausal women. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the present study 149 pre-menopausal obese women (PreM, 43.3 years, 27.3 kg/m(2)) and 58 post-menopausal women (PostM, 53.9 years, 27.7 kg/m(2)) participated in a 14-week weight reduction program. The IFA was measured by computed tomography. The program induced significant reductions in body weight (8.6 kg in PreM and 7.8 kg in PostM). The IFA decreased significantly from 80.4 +/- 41.3 to 50.7 +/- 23.8 (PreM) and from 115.4 +/- 38.0 to 75.7 +/- 30.5 (PostM). CONCLUSIONS: The receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses revealed that the appropriate cutoff values were 80 cm(2) (PreM) and 110 cm(2) (PostM) before the program, and after the program the appropriate target values were determined as 60 and 70 cm(2), respectively.
Abdomen↗
Variables predictive of adherence to diet and physical activity recommendations in the treatment of obesity and overweight, in a group of Spanish subjects.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the factors that could predict a successful completion of a weight loss program. STUDY DESIGN: A single-centered, cross-sectional, prospective study conducted over 4 y. SUBJECTS: Data were obtained on 1018 overweight subjects (788 women, 230 men) aged 14.8-76.3 y (mean 38.4) and body mass index (BMI) of 31.7 (range 25.03-57.1) seeking help to lose weight at a specialist obesity clinic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A program involving a hypocaloric, Mediterranean diet was prescribed plus recommendations for free-time exercise and day-to-day activity. Follow-up was weekly until the desired weight loss was achieved ('successful completion') or the patient dropped-out of the program ('failure'). Cox's regression analysis was used to evaluate success and the variables included were compliance with the program, age, gender, initial BMI, physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking habit, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disease, previous dietary programs, cause of obesity, age at which excessive weight was first noted and parental obesity. RESULTS: Factors predictive of completion were: gender (males responded better), previous dietary programs (predictive of dropout), initial BMI (higher index, lower completion), and age (younger age, poorer outcome). There was an interaction between parental obesity and offspring childhood obesity. Absence of parental obesity and adult-onset obesity had a higher probability of program completion. CONCLUSIONS: In a standard weight reduction program the recommendations of dietary restriction and moderate exercise seems less effective for women, persons with high BMI, younger age groups and those who have had other attempts at weight loss. Poorest outcomes applied to those subjects with childhood obesity and who had obese parents.
Adolescent↗
Long-term care of obese individuals in a community-based primary health care program.
A four-year treatment program for severe obesity containing behavioural modification, exercise and nutrition advice was developed at the obesity unit at the Karolinska Hospital. The program made it possible to achieve a sustained weight loss. As far as we know such long-term treatment result has not been reported for this group of patients before. As a consequence of the positive outcome the hospital treatment program was transformed to an out-patient program that could be used in a primary health care setting. The transformation process is emphasized in this presentation but also preliminary results of the weight reduction and the attrition rate in the primary health care setting of the weight reduction program are presented. The evaluation indicates that instructors and participants in the program overall have accepted the program. The mean weight reduction after ten weeks was 6.3 kg. The attrition rate during that time was 2%.
Adult↗
Impaired capacity to lose visceral adipose tissue during weight reduction in obese postmenopausal women with the Trp64Arg beta3-adrenoceptor gene variant.
Controversy exists regarding the association between the Trp64Arg variant of the beta3-adrenoceptor gene and visceral obesity. The cross-sectional nature of most studies, the modest effect of the variant, and sex or ethnic differences between groups have contributed to discrepancies among investigations. To overcome these confounding factors, we examined the effect of the Trp64Arg variant on total and visceral adipose tissue loss, insulin sensitivity, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in response to weight reduction in obese older women. A total of 24 women (age 57 +/- 4 years), including 1 Trp64Arg homozygote, 10 Trp64Arg heterozygotes, and 13 normal homozygotes, were admitted to a weight reduction program of 13 +/- 3 months, with weight and nutritional intake stabilization established before testing. Total and regional adiposity were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography, insulin sensitivity was measured by the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique, and a blood lipid profile was obtained. No baseline differences were noted in adiposity measurements, glucose disposal, and lipid profiles among carriers and noncarriers of the variant allele. In response to weight loss, carriers and noncarriers of the Trp64Arg allele had similar reductions in body weight (-16.4 +/- 5.0 vs. -14.1 +/- 6.2 kg, NS) and body fat (-10.0 +/- 5.2 vs. -11.5 +/- 3.9 kg, NS). However, loss of visceral adipose tissue was 43% lower in carriers of the Trp64Arg allele compared with noncarriers (-46 +/- 27 vs. -81 +/- 51 cm2, P = 0.05). Furthermore, there was less improvement in the total cholesterol-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (-0.18 +/- 0.54 vs. -0.72 +/- 0.56, P = 0.04) in carriers compared with noncarriers of the allele. Although glucose disposal improved in both groups, there was no difference in the magnitude of improvement between carriers and noncarriers of the variant allele. In conclusion, older obese women carrying the Trp64Arg beta3-adrenoceptor gene variant have an impaired capacity to lose visceral adipose tissue in response to prolonged caloric restriction. Despite these genetic differences in loss of intraabdominal adipose tissue, improvement in glucose disposal was similar between groups.
Absorptiometry, Photon↗
Four worksite weight loss programs with high-stress occupations using a meal replacement product.
The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of worksite weight reduction programs at high-stress worksites. We employed a longitudinal study based on two meal replacements daily with subjects choosing a third 'sensible' meal. The subjects were 492 healthy, overweight men and women working in high-stress occupations (police, hospital health professionals, flight crew members, firefighters). The mean group ages ranged from 32.17 +/- 5.70 to 44.50 +/- 16.40 years; the mean group body mass indexes (BMIs) ranged from 27.40 +/- 2.54 to 32.90 +/- 3.39 kg/m(2). The completion rate for the 12 weeks was 79.8%. Reductions in mean weight and mean BMI were greater than in medically supervised clinical trials with non-worksite adults. Firefighters lost the most weight and medical personnel the least. Follow-up found considerable retention of weight loss. Men lost significantly more weight than women (p < 0.006). We conclude that employees in some high-stress settings may participate productively in worksite weight reduction and maintenance programs that use meal replacements.
Adult↗
Binge eating disorder and the night-eating syndrome.
OBJECTIVE: To determine in three samples of obese women the prevalence of two eating disorders--binge eating disorder and the night-eating syndrome. METHOD: Interviews utilizing standard criteria. For binge eating disorder: the consumption of large amounts of food in a discrete period of time together with a subjective sense of loss of control and no vomiting or laxative abuse. For the night-eating syndrome: morning anorexia, evening hyperphagia and insomnia. Determining the rate of binging among patients receiving a placebo. SUBJECTS: (1) 102 viewers of a television show describing binge eating disorder; (2) 50 participants in a trial of medication for this disorder and (3) 79 participants in a weight reduction program. RESULTS: In the television sample 19.6% of respondents and in the weight reduction sample 7.6% met criteria for binge eating disorder; all subjects in the medication sample met criteria. During a 4-week placebo period average binge frequency fell from 6.0 to 1.7 binges per week. The night-eating syndrome was manifested by 13.7% of the television sample, 8.9% of the weight reduction sample and 15.0% in the medication trial sample. There was little overlap between the two disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Binge eating disorder is far less frequent than has been believed on the basis of questionnaire studies and it is highly responsive to placebos. Frequency of the night-eating syndrome is comparable to that of binge eating disorder. Future studies should assess binge eating disorder by interview rather than by self-administered questionnaire.
Adult↗
Increased extracellular water compartment, relative to intracellular water compartment, after weight reduction.
The hydration of fat free mass (FFM) and extracellular (ECW) and intracellular water (ICW) compartments were studied in 30 obese premenopausal women before and after a 3-mo weight-reduction program and again after a 9-mo weight-maintenance program. Body fat was determined by a four-compartment model. Total body water and ECW were determined by deuterium dilution and bromide dilution, respectively. After the weight-reduction period, mean weight loss was 12.8 kg, and body fat was reduced on average by 10.9 kg. During weight maintenance, changes in body mass and body fat were not significant. Before weight reduction, mean ECW/ICW ratio was relatively high (0.78 +/- 0.10). During the the study, total body water and ICW did not change significantly. ECW did not change significantly after weight reduction, but 12 mo after the start ECW was significantly increased by 1 liter. The ECW/ICW ratio increased to 0.87 +/- 0.12 (month 12). The hydration of the FFM increased from 74 +/- 1 to 77 +/- 2% during the weight reduction and remained elevated during weight maintenance. In conclusion, the ECW/ICW ratio and the hydration of the FFM, did not normalize during weight reduction and weight maintenance.
Adipose Tissue↗
An evaluation of a television-delivered behavioral weight loss program: are the ratings acceptable?
This experiment evaluated the efficacy of television delivery of a behavioral weight reduction program. Seventy-one overweight adults were randomly assigned to a live-contact weight loss group that was videotaped for viewing by other groups, a live-contact group that was not videotaped, a television-delivered group that observed the videotaped weight loss sessions, or a waiting-list control group. Participants in all 3 treatment groups lost significantly more weight during the 8-week treatment program than those in the waiting-list control group. There was no significant weight loss differences among the 3 treatment groups during the program. These weight changes were maintained at 3-month follow-up. At 15-month follow-up, the television-delivered group and the live-contact group maintained their weight losses, whereas the videotaped group did not. Cost-effectiveness analyses indicated that the television-delivered group received the most cost-effective treatment.
Adult↗
Sex steroid, gonadotropin, cortisol, and prolactin levels in healthy, massively obese women: correlation with abdominal fat cell size and effect of weight reduction.
To examine hormonal status in obese, gynecologically normal women we studied 25 regularly menstruating, massively obese (mean weight, 120 kg) women participating in a weight reduction program and 25 age-matched normal weight (mean weight, 60 kg) women. Serum 17 beta-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), androstenedione (A), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, testosterone, LH, FSH, PRL, and cortisol concentrations were measured during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Waist to hip ratio and abdominal fat cell size were measured at the beginning of the study. The serum levels of E2 (P less than 0.04) as well as those of A, SHBG, and LH (P less than 0.002) were lower in the obese group. Consequently, the testosterone to SHBG ratio and the E1 to A ratio were higher and the LH to FSH ratio was lower in this group. Waist to hip ratio did not correlate with the levels of circulating hormones or SHBG, but an inverse correlation was found between abdominal fat cell size and A as well as the LH to FSH ratio in the nonhirsute women of the obese group. Subsequent to moderate weight reduction (13.2 kg), serum A and E1 levels (P less than 0.01) increased, and serum cortisol levels decreased (P less than 0.001). Thus, massive obesity is associated with abnormalities in hormonal balance in gynecologically symptomless women, there being an association between E1, E2, A, LH, cortisol, and relative weight and/or abdominal fat cell size.
Adipose Tissue↗
Rational weight loss programs: a clinician's guide.
Rational weight loss programs include the components of diet, exercise, and behavioral or psychological therapy. The Time Calorie Displacement (TCD) program at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) is discussed as a prototype for weight-reduction programs.
Behavior Therapy↗
Can exercise training with weight loss lower serum C-reactive protein levels?
OBJECTIVE: C-reactive protein (CRP), an obesity-related inflammatory marker, is a promising predictor for cardiovascular disease and may be a mediator for atherogenesis. It has been reported that diet-induced weight loss lowered CRP levels. However, the effect of exercise training, another therapy that can reduce weight, on CRP is still unclear. We examined effects of exercise training with weight loss on CRP levels and conventional cardiovascular risks. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 227 apparently healthy women were recruited, and 199 subjects (average age 52 years) completed a 2-month weight reduction program consisting of supervised aerobic exercises. After the program, weight was reduced from 65.8 to 62.8 kg (P<0.0001), and all conventional variables were remarkably improved. Similarly, CRP levels were significantly decreased, from 0.63 (0.28 to 1.19) to 0.41 (0.18 to 0.80) mg/L (P<0.0001). However, in contrast to other variables, the changes in CRP levels were not proportionally associated with the extent of weight reduction. In the quartile analysis of % weight reduction, the largest weight reduction quartile did not show significant decreases in CRP levels, whereas moderate quartile showed remarkable CRP decreases. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise training with weight reduction disproportionately lowered CRP levels. Considering inflammatory status, there might be an optimal pace of exercise with weight loss.
C-Reactive Protein↗
Survey findings of health education in Health Maintenance Organizations.
A questionnaire was mailed to all HMOs which were either federally qualified or applying for federal qualification, as of May 1978. The survey, which attained a 77% response rate, collected information on the frequency, providers, methods and health problem areas of health education programs in HMOs as well as other health education information. Survey findings show that certain program areas such as nutrition education and weight reduction programs have received greater emphasis than other patient education areas. Certain organizational factors are shown to be useful in describing differences in plans' commitments to health educations. Recommendations are made for further research to identify clearer relationships between health education and other HMO characteristics. HMOs are recommended to assess the health education needs of their memberships and to educate staff regarding their own health risks, health education skills and member expectations and rights.
Evaluation Studies as Topic↗