PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “bone density”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry of changed bone density in metastatic bone sites as a consequence of systemic treatment.

Fourteen cancer patients with bone metastases from various primary malignancies were submitted to repeated dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan before and after systemic antineoplastic treatments. In the nine patients with lytic lesions the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) increased after chemotherapy + pamidronate in four (by +11.2%, +7.5%, +5.0% and +6.6%, respectively), decreased in four (by -19.9%, -8.1%, -7.5%, and -7.0%, respectively) and remained unchanged in one. BMD changes paralleled variations in painful symptomatology and biochemical markers. In patients with blastic metastases the BMD on target metastatic lesions did not change after hormone therapy or chemotherapy in one case but showed a significant increase in four. BMD increase was associated to bone pain improvement and PSA decrease in two cases, and with a worsening in skeletal pain and/or serum PSA in the remaining two. Our data suggest that BMD evaluation by DEXA instrument may be a reliable tool in assessing the response of bone metastases to treatment.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2005

Bone marrow lesions in the knee are associated with increased local bone density.

OBJECTIVE: Bone marrow lesions are associated with pain and compartment-specific progression of joint space narrowing in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Bone marrow lesions occur in regions under increased loading, and excess loading produces increased bone mineral density (BMD). The ratio of BMD in the medial tibial plateau compared with that in the lateral tibial plateau (M:L BMD ratio) reflects loading in the knee. Therefore, we hypothesized that a higher M:L BMD ratio would be associated with medial bone marrow lesions, and that lower ratios would be associated with lateral bone marrow lesions. METHODS: Participants in the Framingham Osteoarthritis Study underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), measurement of bone mineral density (BMD), and knee radiography between 2002 and 2004. MRI was used to define medial and lateral bone marrow lesions in the medial and lateral tibiofemoral compartments, respectively. We performed a logistic regression analysis with medial bone marrow lesions as the outcome, testing M:L BMD ratio groups as predictor variables. We adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and systemic BMD, using generalized estimating equations to adjust for correlations between knees. An identical analysis evaluating lateral bone marrow lesions was performed. RESULTS: Medial bone marrow lesions were strongly associated with a high M:L BMD ratio. The odds ratios (ORs) for prevalent medial bone marrow lesions, for the lowest to the highest quartile of M:L BMD ratios, were 1.0 (referent), 1.3, 5.0, and infinity (P for trend < 0.0001). Lateral bone marrow lesions were strongly associated with low M:L BMD ratios (the ORs for prevalent lateral bone marrow lesions, for the highest to the lowest quartile, were 1.0 [referent], 3.0, 26.8, and 54.0 [P for trend < 0.0001]). CONCLUSION: Medial bone marrow lesions occur in knees with relatively higher local medial tibial bone density, and lateral bone marrow lesions occur in knees with relatively higher lateral tibial bone density, supporting the hypothesis that local BMD reflects loading within the knee. Our findings emphasize the importance of loading in the pathophysiology of OA.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Is measurement of bone density useful?

Bone density testing is safe, accurate, and useful. Specific clinical indications and the types of equipment available to assess them are reviewed. A positive effect on the practice of a clinical rheumatologist with resultant improved patient care appears likely in light of the information available.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2001

Comparative radiologic study of bone density and cortical thickness of donor bone used in mandibular reconstruction.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the total cancellous bone density, bone-implant interface density, and cortical thickness of 6 donor bone types commonly used in oral and maxillofacial reconstruction. METHODS: A total of 120 bones from 20 Korean adults-including iliac bones, fibulas, cranial bones, scapulas, ribs, and clavicles-were selected. The implant recipient site was determined by the shape, contour, and anatomical limitations of the bones. The serial cross-sectional images of each bone were then acquired through computed tomography. Total cancellous bone density, bone-implant interface density around the imaginary implant fixture, and the cortical thickness along both sides of the imaginary fixture on each cross-sectional image were evaluated and compared. RESULTS: The cancellous bone density of each donor bone type had a statistically significant difference. The cranial bone showed the highest cancellous bone density, followed by the iliac bone, clavicle, scapula, rib, and fibula (P <.05). The bone-implant interface density of the cranial bone, clavicle, fibula, and scapula each belonged to the same Duncan's group, whereas the rib and iliac bone showed lower bone-implant interface density. In average cortical thickness, the scapula and fibula had a thicker cortex surrounding the imaginary implant than the other bones, and the rib had the thinnest cortex. CONCLUSION: Although more extensive testing is needed to explain the clinical implications of these results, the findings of this study may help clinicians choose the most appropriate donor bone.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Importance of precision in bone density measurements.

Bone densitometry, regardless of the specific technique, is not perfectly reproducible even when consistently performed in exact accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Precision must be quantified at each densitometry facility in precision studies of the various skeletal sites used for monitoring. The precision, as the root-mean-square standard deviation or root-mean-square coefficient of variation, is then used to determine the change in bone density that constitutes the least significant change and the minimum interval between follow-up measurements. Until precision studies are performed, the least significant change cannot be determined for any level of statistical confidence, making the interpretation of serial studies impossible.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2026

Fractures are highly correlated with bone density and inversely correlated with bone turnover markers in autosomal dominant osteopetrosis.

Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis (ADO) is a rare osteosclerotic disorder usually caused by missense variants in the CLCN7 gene, which results in impaired osteoclastic bone resorption. Penetrance is incomplete, and disease severity varies widely, even among relatives within the same family. Although ADO can cause visual loss, osteonecrosis, osteomyelitis, and bone marrow failure, the most common complication of ADO is fracture. We are conducting a natural history study to characterize disease progression and determinants of disease severity. We hypothesized that baseline BMD and bone turnover markers would correlate with self-reported fracture history. We report cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the natural history study in 54 individuals (42 adults, 12 children). In adults, Z-scores for both volumetric (r&#xa0;=&#x2009;0.87, p&#xa0;<&#x2009;.001) and areal BMD (aBMD) of the LS, and Z-scores for FN, and TH aBMD (r&#xa0;=&#x2009;0.77 to 0.78; p&#xa0;<&#x2009;.001) were correlated with lifetime fracture number. Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, a marker of osteoclast number, correlated positively with fracture (r&#xa0;=&#x2009;0.52, p&#xa0;=&#x2009;.004) consistent with an adaptive response of higher numbers of osteoclasts among more severely affected individuals. However, fracture number correlated inversely with the bone resorption markers serum C-telopeptide (r&#xa0;=&#x2009;-0.60, p&#xa0;<&#x2009;.001) and urine N-telopeptide/creatinine ratio (r&#xa0;=&#x2009;-0.35, p&#xa0;=&#x2009;.047), suggesting that ADO subjects who have the most reduced osteoclast activity have a greater tendency to fracture. Correlation coefficients between fractures, BMD, and bone turnover markers were similar when limited to the 37 adults with disease-causing CLCN7 variants. There were no statistically significant differences between subjects with the most common CLCN7 variant (G215R), the most common variant in our cohort, compared to other CLCN7 variants with respect to fracture, bone density measures, or biochemical markers of bone turnover. These data demonstrate that bone density and biochemical bone turnover markers are indicators of ADO severity as defined by fracture number.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

[The study of women's bone density in Beijing].

Bone mass of 434 healthy women aged from 20-65 years was measured at both distal and mid-radius of the non-dominant arm by using a single-photon absorptiometer (SPA) with an 241Am source (model SD-1000), and bone density and related factors were studied. The bone density in women reached the peak value around 40 years old and the bone loss began around 45 years old. Bone loss was accelerated after menopause, with faster speed in trabecular bone than in cortical bone. The effect of menopause on bone loss was more significant than the effect of advancing age. Among 174 menopausal women, 9.8% had fractures. The bone density of postmenopausal women with history of bone fracture was lower than that of those without fracture. The results of this study suggest that the measurement of bone density can be used to predict the risk of osteoporotic fractures.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2001

ApaI polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor predict bone density of the lumbar spine and not racial difference in bone density in young men.

A number of previous investigations showed significant associations between polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and bone mineral density (BMD). BMD is influenced by hormones and the rate of skeletal remodeling. A study was performed to investigate the possible relationship between Apa I, Bsm I, Taq I, and Fok I polymorphisms of the VDR gene and serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2D), osteocalcin, and propeptide of type I collagen (PICP)-markers of bone turnover, total body calcium, and BMD of the total body, radius, lumbar spine, trochanter, and femoral neck-in 39 young adult black men of 20 to 40 years of age and 44 age-, height-, and weight-matched white men. The distribution of each of the four alleles of the VDR genotypes was similar in the two racial groups. The Apa I VDR genotype was associated with serum PICP (P =.0494) but not with serum 1,25(OH)2D or serum osteocalcin. A significant association between the Apa I VDR genotype and BMD of the lumbar spine (P =.0291) was also observed. However, the Bsm I, Taq I, and Fok I genotypes were not significantly associated with BMD or serum osteocalcin, PICP, or 1,25(OH)2D. Multivariate stepwise analysis indicated that (1) the Apa I VDR genotype was associated with BMD of the lumbar spine in the two groups together; with total body calcium and BMD of the total body, radius, trochanter, and femoral neck in the black men; and with BMD of the radius in the white men; analysis also indicated that (2) race was significantly associated with total body calcium and BMD of the total body, lumbar spine, and femoral neck. In summary, the Apa I VDR genotype is associated with serum PICP and BMD at a number of sites but does not contribute to or account for racial differences in BMD in young adult men.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Correlations between acoustic properties and bone density in bovine cancellous bone from 0.5 to 2 MHz.

Correlations between acoustic properties and bone density were investigated in the 12 defatted bovine cancellous bone specimens in vitro. Speed of sound (SOS) and broadband ultrasonic attenuation (BUA) were measured in three different frequency bandwidths from 0.5 to 2 MHz using three matched pairs of transducers with the center frequencies of 1, 2.25, and 3.5 MHz. The relative orientation between ultrasonic beam and bone specimen was the mediolateral (ML) direction of the bovine tibia. SOS shows significant linear positive correlation with apparent density for all three pairs of transducers. However, BUA shows relatively weak correlation with apparent density. SOS and BUA are only weakly correlated with each other. The linear combination of SOS and BUA in a multiple regression model leads to a significant improvement in predicting apparent density. The correlations among SOS, BUA, and bone density can be effectively and clearly represented in the three-dimensional space by the multiple regression model. These results suggest that the frequency range up to 1.5 MHz and the multiple regression model in the three-dimensional space can be useful in the osteoporosis diagnosis.

Acoustics↗
PubMed2001

Chromosome 13 locus, Pbd2, regulates bone density in mice.

Bone density is inherited as a complex polygenic trait. Previously, we identified two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) specifying the peak relative bone mass (bone mass corrected by bone size) on chromosomes (Chrs) 11 and 13 by interval mapping in two mouse strains: SAMP2 and SAMP6. The latter strain is an established murine model of senile osteoporosis and exhibits a significantly lower peak relative bone mass than SAMP2 mice. In this study, we report the effects of the Chr 13 QTL on peak bone density (Pbd2). First, we constructed a congenic strain P6.P2-Pbd2b, which carried a single genomic interval from the Chr 13 of SAMP2 on an SAMP6-derived osteoporotic background, to dissect this polygenic trait into single gene factors. This congenic strain had a higher bone density than the background strain using three measurement methods with different principles for bone density. Next, we measured the peak relative bone mass of the AKR/J strain and the 13 senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) strains, which are considered to be a series of recombinant-like inbred (RI) strains derived from the AKR/J strain and other unspecified strains. We then determined the microsatellite marker haplotypes of these strains around the Pbd2 locus, in which three strains with a high relative bone mass shared the same haplotype over the 26-centimorgan (cM) region. In the Pbd2 locus, a high relative bone mass was associated with alleles of the unknown strain, whereas a low relative bone mass was associated with the alleles from the AKR/J strain. These results confirmed the existence of a Pbd2 locus regulating bone density in the SAM strains.

Alleles↗
PubMed1997

Bone density determination.

Bone mineral density determination is an integral part of the diagnosis, therapeutic planning, and monitoring of a patient with osteoporosis. Although the utility of measuring bone density seems intuitive, decisions must be made regarding whom to test, when to test, which technique to use, and which body site to evaluate. Once a determination has been made, consideration has to be given to what to do with the results. Each patient must be individually considered, incorporating genetic, nutritional, lifestyle, pharmacologic, and endocrine risk factors. Other diseases that may be associated with a reduced bone mass must be excluded.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of mandibular bone density assessed by orthopantomography on the bone resorption of the alveolar crests].

The present study aimed to determine the value of orthopantomography in evaluating mandibular bone density in edentulous subjects; the authors proposed to correlate bone density evaluated using this methods with residual ridge resorption, age, and time of edentulism in the subjects in question. Bone density was evaluated from panoramic X-rays in 70 completely edentulous subjects through the observation of characteristics of bone trabeculae in a constant site for all 70 OPT, in correspondence with the horizontal blade of the jawbone, and through the subdivision of panoramic X-rays into three classes according to the greater or lesser compactness of the trabeculae of the cancellous bone. The resorption of residual ridges was assessed from OPT using Wical and Swoope's method. Correlations between bone density and residual ridge resorption, expressed in both mm and %, was statistical not significant. Correlations between the age of subjects examined and bone density, and between time of edentulism and bone density were also statistically not significant. The results obtained however appear to have been influenced by the non-reliability of data provided by OPT and draw attention to the need, in fully edentulous subjects, when programming, for example, osseointegrated implants, to study the quality of mandibular bone using more accurate and precise methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The use of bone density measurements in the diagnosis and therapy of osteoporosis].

Bone firmness and risk of fracture depend on factors like bone density, bone structure, elasticity of bone materiel and many others. Bone density is an important single factor which has moreover the advantage of being measureable rather precisely today. Unfortunately, the individual values of bone density scatter very much, i.e. the range of normal values is very large so that bone density values alone do not allow a very fine graduation of osteoporosis. At least as important as bone density is its change in the course of time. Three procedures which complete each other partially are primarily at our disposal today for the determination of bone density. The double energy X-ray absorption (DXA) is a plain procedure for the examination of the lumbar spine and/or the femoral neck. The resulting content of bone minerals comprises both cortical and trabecular bone and can be influenced by superimposed tissue. The exposure to irradiation by DXA is small, however the pictures are not of diagnostic quality and supplementary X-rays are recommended in order to avoid erroneous interpretations. In favorable cases a reproducibility of 1% can be achieved. At least 5% change are however necessary in the osteoporotic patient in order to be recognized with certainty. In quantitative computerised tomography (QCT) we distinguish between procedures for the examination of trabecular bone density in vertebral bodies (axial OCT) and procedures for the separate determination of trabecular and cortical bone density in the extremities (pQCT). Axial QCT is also used for the examination of the lumbar spine. Its reproducibility is comparable with that of DXA, the sensitivity of QCT is however higher than that of DXA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1996

Vertebral deformity in the thoracic spine in post-menopausal women: value of lumbar spine bone density.

Differential bone loss in the thoracic and lumbar spine is known to occur in some patients with osteoporosis. However, the discriminant value of lumbar spine bone densitometry in the detection of thoracic spine fractures in healthy, population-based women has not been established. The relationship between lumbar spine bone mineral density and thoracic spine vertebral deformities in a prospective study of 79 post-menopausal population-based women aged 45-65 years has been investigated. Lumbar spine bone mineral density was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and vertebral morphometry was assessed from lateral thoracic spine radiographs. Seven women (9%) were found to have one or more vertebral deformities in the thoracic spine (reduction in anterior or posterior height > 25%). Only one of these had a lumbar spine bone mineral density T score below -2.5, whilst the T score was between -1 and -2.5 in three and greater than -1 in three. Two of these women also had lumbar spine vertebral deformity but lumbar spine radiographs were normal in the remaining five. There were no significant differences in age, height, weight, hormone replacement therapy use or bone mineral density between women with and without thoracic spine fractures. These results demonstrate that vertebral deformities in the thoracic spine occur in a proportion of healthy post-menopausal women in the absence of densitometric or radiographic evidence of osteoporosis in the lumbar spine. Although often asymptomatic, the significance of these fractures lies in the increased risk of further fractures. In the future, morphometric X-ray absorptiometric techniques may prove valuable in the detection of these fractures and avoid the need for conventional radiography.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1987

Effects of age and menopause on vertebral bone density.

Vertebral bone density was assessed with dual photon absorptiometry in 280 white females, aged 19-87, without symptoms of osteoporosis. Those who had not experienced a menstrual period for at least one year were classified as postmenopausal, and those menstruating normally were deemed premenopausal. The remainder were considered perimenopausal. Regression links were fit: (1) to the entire data set, (2) to two groups by age (less than 50, 50+), (3) to three groups by age (less than 40, 40-54, 55+) and (4) to three groups by menopausal status. Only that regression which considered menopausal status had a significantly better fit than the simple linear model with slopes of +0.04% per year for the premenopausal (ns, different from zero), -1.8% per year for the perimenopausal (P less than 0.05) and -0.6% per year for the postmenopausal (P less than 0.05). These data suggest that the loss of trabecular bone is accelerated around the time of the onset of menopause, and slows somewhat thereafter, although continuing to be significant. However, the findings of this study are based on cross-sectional data, and there remains a need for prospective studies of vertebral bone around the time of menopause.

Adult↗