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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1969

Photophosphorylation during Chloroplast Development in Red Kidney Bean. I. Characterization of the Mature System and the Effect of BSA and Sulfhydryl Reagents.

Optimal conditions were determined for photophosphorylation and reduction in mature chloroplasts from Phaseolus vulgaris var. Red Kidney. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) at 1 mg/ml and various sulfhydryl reagents (0.1-0.5 mm) greatly enhanced cyclic and noncyclic phosphorylation, but had little effect on photoreduction. BSA and reduced glutathione also stimulated cyclic phosphorylation in spinach chloroplasts. BSA was needed in the reaction from the start to provide high rates of phosphorylation. BSA also protected against atebrin uncoupling but not against uncoupling by ammonium ions or inhibition by 3,-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea. Similarly, BSA and glutathione protected against atebrin inhibition of cyclic phosphorylation. Chloroplasts incubated at 0 degrees rapidly lost the ability to catalyze phosphorylation and BSA did not protect against inactivation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

The expression of nuclear genes encoding plastid ribosomal proteins precedes the expression of chloroplast genes during early phases of chloroplast development.

The development of different plant organs (root, hypocotyl, and cotyledons) during seed germination is connected with the transformation of proplastids, which are found in embryonic and meristematic tissues, into amyloplasts in root tissues and into chloroplasts in cotyledons. We have analyzed the expression of nuclear and plastid genes coding for the plastid translational apparatus during the first 7 d of Spinacia oleracea development. Results show that the nuclear genes (rps1, rps22, rpI21, and rpI40) are expressed from the 1st d of seed imbibition and precede transcription of the chloroplast-encoded genes (photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic), which starts the 3rd d after the beginning of imbibition. Transcription from the leaf-/cotyledon-specific P1 promoter of the rpI21 gene starts on the first imbibition day. Inhibition of chloroplast biogenesis by bleaching in the presence of norflurazon has no influence on the expression from this P1 promoter, suggesting that the onset of transcription of nuclear gene rpI21 is independent of a plastid signal.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Mutations in the DET1 gene affect cell-type-specific expression of light-regulated genes and chloroplast development in Arabidopsis.

When grown in the absence of light, the det1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana develops characteristics of a light-grown plant by morphological, cellular, and molecular criteria. Here, we show that recessive mutations at the DET1 locus also result in cell-type inappropriate accumulation of RNAs for light-regulated nuclear and chloroplast genes. det1 root plastids are differentiated into chloroplasts and are present in very high numbers in root cortex cells in contrast to the few starch-containing amyloplasts normally found in Arabidopsis roots. To assay the effect of the det1 mutation on the expression of photoregulated promoters, we used fusion constructs to stably transform wild-type and det1 mutants. We show that the three red-light-regulated chlorophyll a/b binding protein promoters are inappropriately expressed in the roots of det1 seedlings and the blue-light-controlled anthocyanin biosynthetic gene, chalcone synthase, is expressed ectopically in leaf mesophyll cells. These results, together with out previous findings, suggest that the DET1 gene product is a negatively acting regulatory molecule that is used in common by the light stimulus transduction pathway and by temporal or spatial regulatory signals in plants.

Blotting, Northern↗