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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Pituitary apoplexy: diagnosis by computed tomography.

Computed tomography (CT) now enables the early diagnosis of pituitary apoplexy. Since CT can detect blood, it can document acute or chronic hemorrhage in pituitary adenomas. In addition, CT can discriminate between densities other than blood and can therefore be used to diagnose those cases of pituitary apoplexy in which infarction and necrosis predominate. These conclusions were verified by a review of 10 apoplectic patients studied by CT. Although nine diagnostic delays occurred tissue confirmation by surgery in eight cases and autopsy on one made us familiar with the CT findings which should be useful in future diagnosis.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1980

Orbital tumors evaluated by computed tomography.

Computed tomography (CT) of more than 90 orbital tumors revealed both benign and malignant neoplasms, including hemangiomas, lacrimal gland tumors, lymphomas, carcinomas, metastases, pseudotumors, and optic nerve tumors. Detection of orbital tumors was better and the information gained more complete with CT than with any other modality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The changing role of pancreatic arteriography in the era of computed tomography.

Computed tomography (CT) in the assessment of suspected pancreatic disease, although an excellent screening procedure, has certain shortcomings, such as a significant percentage of inaccurate studies, a low predictive value of the finding of a pancreatic mass, failure to detect small lesions, and inability to differentiate localized masses caused by pancreatitis from those caused by adenocarcinoma. Arteriography provides important additional information in patients with clinically suspected pancreatic lesions and positive findings on CT or other noninvasive screening studies in whom surgical resection is contemplated. This procedure helps determine the presence and resectability of adenocarcinoma and can also demonstrate lesions which may resemble pancreatic adenocarcinoma on CT but which, in reality, are nonmalignant or nonpancreatic or both. Arteriography should no longer be used as a screening procedure but should be performed whenever a potentially resectable pancreatic mass, either cystic or solid is suggested by CT.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1981

Evaluation of abdominal trauma by computed tomography.

Computed tomography (CT) was used in the evaluation of 100 patients suffering abdominal trauma. The type of trauma was blunt in 78 patients, penetrating in eight, and iatrogenic in 14. Forty per cent of cases had normal CT scans, while 60% showed substantial abdominal or retroperitoneal injuries. Surgery, clinical follow-up, and repeated radiologic examinations confirmed the accuracy of CT, and there were no cases in which medical or surgical management was inappropriately guided by CT. A wide variety of injuries was detected, including 19 splenic, eight hepatic, six pancreatic, 13 renal, 13 retroperitoneal or abdominal wall, and one intraperitoneal. CT has major advantages over plain radiography, radionuclide imaging, and angiography in assessment of trauma-induced injuries.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1983

Synovial plicae of the knee on computed tomography.

Computed tomography (CT) of the knee was performed in 160 patients following double-contrast arthrography. Seventy-five synovial folds on the medial wall of the knee joint were found, and 63 of these plicae could be considered mediopatellar plicae. In 10 of the 63 cases, long, thick mediopatellar plicae were found, which could lead to a mechanical internal derangement. Twelve synovial folds did not conform to the classic description of a mediopatellar plica. These folds probably represent synovial tissue reaction, since they were most commonly seen in patients who had undergone meniscectomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Cholesteatomas of the temporal bone: role of computed tomography.

Computed tomography (CT) of the temporal bone was performed in 64 patients thought to have a cholesteatoma of the middle ear. Twenty had not had surgery before, while 44 had been operated on; special consideration was given to 21 patients who were scanned immediately before a second operation and had confirmation of the CT findings. Inflammatory disease without cholesteatoma was characterized by absence of erosion of the otic capsule or ossicular chain. Sharply circumscribed cholesteatomas were easily diagnosed by CT. When they were combined with scarring, granulation tissue, or postsurgical changes, the resulting soft-tissue masses were indistinguishable, although cholesteatoma may be suspected if there is evidence of progressive bone erosion about the middle ear. CT can play a major role in postoperative follow-up by confirming that the ear is normal and demonstrating displacement of ossicular grafts or prostheses.

Cholesteatoma↗
PubMed1989

Variability of parenchymal expansion measured by computed tomography.

Computed tomography scans of isolated dog lung lobes at different lobe volumes were used to determine the variability of parenchymal tissue density and the variability of parenchymal volume changes on the scale of a voxel, a cube 1.5 mm on a side. The variability of tissue density increased with decreasing lobe volume. The variability of tissue density of neighboring voxels was positively correlated; the spatial correlation decreased exponentially with distance with an exponential scale of 0.3 cm. The ratio of the volume of the parenchyma within a voxel to its volume at total lobe capacity was calculated from the tissue density data at two lobe volumes. At a lobe volume of 40% total lobe capacity, the local fractional volumes were 0.42 +/- 0.12. The variability of ventilation that corresponds to this variability of fractional volume is large enough to explain the inefficiency of mixing in the isolated lobe and the slope of the alveolar plateau of nitrogen concentration in the expirate after a breath of oxygen. These results are consistent with data reported earlier on the variability of parenchymal volumes at a scale of 1-10 cm3.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The pattern of intrathoracic Hodgkin's disease assessed by computed tomography.

Computed tomography (CT) was used to define the sites of intrathoracic abnormality in Hodgkin's disease, determine a pattern of progression of disease in the thorax, and establish the place of this pattern of spread in the differential diagnosis of thoracic abnormalities. One hundred eight patients with newly diagnosed Hodgkin's disease were studied by chest CT. Seventy-seven patients had intrathoracic abnormalities. The pattern seen was one of contiguous spread from the anterior mediastinal/paratracheal area to the other mediastinal lymph node groups (aortopulmonary, subcarinal, posterior mediastinal, and internal mammary), to the hila, and then into the lung by extension or as discrete nodules. Involvement of the pleura, pericardium, or chest wall occurred only after the anterior mediastinal/paratracheal mass had enlarged to greater than 30% of the thoracic diameter. The probability that this pattern of contiguous lymph node spread occurred by chance alone was very small. Hodgkin's disease spreads from the anterior mediastinal/paratracheal area in a contiguous manner. Exceptions are unusual enough that when they occur, diagnoses other than Hodgkin's disease are more likely.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Prominent collateral vein in portal hypertension mimicking liver tumours: a pitfall in computed tomography.

Computed tomography (CT) was performed on four patients with a prominent porto-systemic collateral vein, including three with an enlarged para-umbilical vein. We have observed a pitfall in non-contrast CT scans of patients with portal hypertension, in which a prominent collateral vein may mimic a liver tumour. Dynamic CT as well as magnetic resonance imaging is of great value in such cases.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1988

The appearance of the inferior thyroid veins on computed tomography.

Computed tomography (CT) scans of the mediastinum in 80 patients were reviewed retrospectively to determine the nature of small opacities which are identified on contiguous cuts. These structures varied in number from one to five. The pattern of enhancement, appearance on contiguous CT sections and position in the mediastinum led us to believe that these represent inferior thyroid veins. To our knowledge their appearance on CT has not been reported previously.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The appropriate use of computed tomography.

Computed tomography remains an exciting branch of radiology twenty years after its introduction into clinical medicine. The advent of spiral techniques has led to several recent developments. The current indications for its use are considered in the light of advances in ultrasound and magnetic resonance.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1982

Estimation of pulmonary water distribution and pulmonary congestion by computed tomography.

Computed tomography (CT) of the lung in normal subjects and patients with congestive heart failure was performed in the supine position with deep inspiration to obtain pulmonary CT values and images. The mean CT value in normal subjects was higher in the posterior than anterior lung field, presumably because blood vessels were more dilated in the former than the latter due to the effects of gravity. The mean pulmonary CT value in patients with congestive heart failure was significantly increased possibly due to an increase in blood flow per unit lung volume arising from either pulmonary congestion or pulmonary interstitial and alveolar edema. The mean pulmonary CT value increased parallel to the severity of pulmonary congestion, interstitial or alveolar edema and was well correlated with the pulmonary arterial wedge pressure, indicating that such a correlation was a valuable tool in assessing therapeutic effects. The results of the present study indicate that pulmonary CT is useful for the noninvasive estimation of intrapulmonary water content and its distribution, thereby providing an effective diagnostic clue to various conditions in congestive heart failure.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Turbinate atrophy evaluation in pigs by computed tomography.

Computed tomography (CT), a non-invasive visualisation technique was applied for imaging the bony structures of the nasal cavity of pigs, and compared to the traditional scoring system of turbinate atrophy in swine. Twenty-three 27-week-old pigs representing various stages of turbinate atrophy were used. Nasal structures were visually scored on CT scans and transversal cuts of the noses at the level of the first upper premolar teeth using the same scoring system in both cases. A tissue/air area ratio was also determined based on density differences. A highly significant correlation was found between visual scoring of CT images and transversal cuts of pig noses (r = 0.98, p < 0.0001) as well as between visual scoring of CT images and tissue/air area ratio determination (r = -0.82, p < 0.0001).

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Spontaneous intraparenchymatous hemorrhage: findings at computed tomography].

Computed tomography studies of 250 patients with spontaneous hemorrhage were examined in three hospitals in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The goal of this study was to identify the aspects of this disease that appear most frequently in this type of exam. Deep intracerebral hematomas have had the highest incidence followed by lobar hemorrhage, with thalamus being more frequently affected. Cerebellar hemorrhage was much rarer, with brainstem bleeding observed in few patients. The age group with a peak incidence was at 61 to 70 years. Headache was the most frequently related symptom and elevated levels of blood pressure were found in most of the cases. There was no pronounced difference as to predominance in either sex or side most affected but it was observed that the onset of this disease occurs at an earlier age in men than in women. Blood draining into the ventricular system occurred more frequently in deep hematomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Spatial dysmorphology of the foot in Apert syndrome: three-dimensional computed tomography.

Computer assisted medical imaging was used to define the spatial dysmorphology of the foot in three patients with Apert syndrome and to correlate that dysmorphology with ambulation and footwear. Thin slice (2 mm), abutting, high resolution axial computed tomography (CT) foot scans were obtained. The CT data were post processed, using Analyze, to generate three-dimensional surface shaded and volumetric reformations. The reformatted images were evaluated by a bone and joint radiologist to identify abnormalities of bone shape, size, and orientation, of joint morphology, and of the foot as a whole. Five consistent findings were observed among the three pairs of feet: (1) anomalous great toes with phalangeal and metatarsal pathology; (2) simple syndactyly of toes 2-5; (3) fusions between matatarsals; (4) tarsal coalitions; and (5) limitations in commercial footwear. One patient underwent bilateral fifth metatarsal wedge osteotomies to facilitate the wearing of shoes. The dysmorphology of the Apert foot is a combination of congenital malformations and postnatal deformations, secondary to progressive synostosis. Prophylactic foot surgery may be indicated in Apert patients to facilitate shoe fitting.

Acrocephalosyndactylia↗
PubMed2004

Diagnosis of skeletal injuries in Chelonians using computed tomography.

Computed tomography (CT) was used to diagnose the cause of lameness in a radiated tortoise (Geochelone radiata) and to determine the extent of shell and skeletal trauma in two snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina). The radiated tortoise's lameness was ultimately attributed to luxation of the right-shoulder joint that was not detected during plain film radiography. Axial and appendicular fractures were identified in one of the snapping turtles that were not detected during plain film radiography. In each patient, the information obtained during CT provided important diagnostic, therapeutic, or prognostic information.

Accidents, Traffic↗