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Results for “construct validity”

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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Prediction of clinical course by dexamethasone suppression test (DST) response in depressed patients - physiological and clinical construct validity of the DST.

The present survey highlights the rationale for the use of state-dependent biological markers as predictors of clinical course in depression. Cortisol plasma levels after dexamethasone provide such a tool to monitor clinical progress. Since dexamethasone-resistant cortisol gradually returns to normalcy before a complete clinical remission is seen this measure has a possible predictive potential. Moreover, reversion to abnormal dexamethasone responses is prognostically infaust. Though the dexamethasone test has some merits, technical factors (e.g. exclusion criteria, dexamethasone-kinetics) which invalidate test results deserve careful consideration in future studies. Cortisol hypersecretion is considered as a physiological readout of a central disinhibition. This hypothesis is tested applying corticotropin-releasing factor and corticotropin in normal and abnormal DST responders. The data support the validity of the concept which assumes an intact but overactive pituitary-adrenal axis in a depressed subpopulation. A thesis is submitted which places the variety of biological disturbances in depression between two extreme viewpoints. One view considers all biological disturbances as sequelae to one particular dysfunction, e.g. disinhibition of corticosteroid secretion. The opposite view considers the myriad of biological disturbances as a sign of general loss of order, i.e. increased entropy, the precipitating mechanism of which is unknown.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1992

Construct validity of the Dissociative Experiences Scale: II. Its relationship to hypnotizability.

Undergraduates (n = 311) who volunteered to participate in an experiment on "Hypnotizability and Personality" filled out several personality questionnaires (including the Dissociative Experiences Scale; DES), were administered the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility (HGSHS), and completed a self-rating of hypnotizability. The DES overall score correlated significantly with the HGSHS summary score (r(309) = .12, p < .05, two-tailed) and with subject's self-rating of hypnotizability (r(309) = .13, p < .05, two-tailed). The magnitude of these correlations was similar to that observed in a previous study (.14 & .18) and is also similar in magnitude to the correlations typically observed between the HGSHS and the Tellegen Absorption Scale. The potential clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

An external construct validity study of Rorschach personality variables.

This study examined (a) hypothesized relationships between Rorschach variables and self-report test measures relating to nominally similar aspects of personality functioning and (b) interrelationships among Rorschach variables. Sixty-two undergraduates were administered the Rorschach, Barron Ego Strength Scale, Kaplan Self-Derogation Scale, Eagly Self-Esteem Scale, Multiple Affective Adjective Checklist (MAACL), Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, and the Rotter Locus of Control Scale. Only a few of the predictions received confirmation: inanimate movement (m) correlated, as expected, with MAACL anxiety and hostility, the egocentricity index (3r + 2)/R (R = total responses) correlated significantly with self-esteem, and human movement with minus form level (M-) correlated (inversely) with ego strength. Among the unpredicted findings were some that appear inconsistent with standard Rorschach interpretation. Rorschach variables human movement (M), and experience actual (EA), generally interpreted as reflecting coping resources, related significantly with self-report measures of poor coping and of dysphoric affect. In general, the Rorschach appears better at identifying weaknesses in the ego rather than strengths.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Construct validity of the marital communication inventory.

The Marital Communication Inventory (MCI) is an extremely popular self-report measure of marital communication that has been used in over 65 dissertations and empirical articles since 1970, including several recent clinical reports that used the MCI as a principal outcome measure. However, contrary to its treatment in the clinical literature as a unidimensional, valid measure of treatment outcome, the MCI appears to be a multidimensional instrument, whose primary dimension may not be a specific style or method of communication. Using a canonical correlation analysis of data from over 200 midwestern wives, we compared MCI subscales with subscales from an abbreviated version of the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory (RI). Results supported the hypothesis that the primary dimension of the MCI is more closely associated with positive regard than with the more specific communication dimensions of either empathy or congruence as measured by the RI. Future clinical research in the improvement of marital communication should use the MCI in a much more careful way in order to provide the most valid outcome data.

Adolescent↗