SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “data commons”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

[Leading causes of blindness and visual impairment in the region of Eastern Herzegovina].

INTRODUCTION: Visual impairment and blindness are serious social and health problems in the world. 1992 classification of visual disorders by World Health Organization has recently been implemented. The goal of this study was to determine common causes of visual impairment and blindness in the region of Eastern Herzegovina. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this population based study we have analyzed medical records stored in the regional Association of Visually Impaired and Blind Persons of the Republic of Srpska (Trebinje, Bileća, Foca, Eastern Sarajevo). The analysis included sex and age distribution of registered population, classification and leading causes of visual disability and blindness. RESULTS There are 298 registered persons with visual disability and blindness in the region of Eastern Herzegovina and Eastern Sarajevo. The prevalence of visual impairment and blindness in the aforementioned region is 0.1%. Among the studied population, there are more males than females with visual disability or blindness (56% versus 44%). Most (78%) of registered persons are blind, and only 22% are visualy impaired. 43% of registered population are in the IV category and only 8.38% are registered in the II category. Only 2% of registered population are children. Common causes of visual disability and blindness in the region of Eastern Herzegovina are: glaucoma (22%), cataract (17%), myopia alta (13%), diabetic retinopathy (12%) and ocular trauma (11). Common causes of children's visual impairment include. optic nerve anomalies, congenital cataract and premature retinopathy. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Compared with literature data, common causes of blindness and visual impairment in the region of Eastern Herzegovina do not differ significantly from those in other regions. Registration is based on the WHO model, but it is possible only by performing active epidemiological studies.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Detection of emerging resistance patterns within longitudinal surveillance systems: data sensitivity and microbial susceptibility.

Communicating information from antimicrobial resistance surveillance study data to microbiologists and physicians can be challenging. Large amounts of data, commonly reaching millions of MICs or zone 20diameter endpoints, must be analysed and condensed to easily-read tables or figures. Furthermore, data must not be prejudged relative to susceptibility categories, because of the diverse nature of interpretive criteria available internationally. An attempt must be made to present results of all surveillance studies in a mode that can be reinterpreted for immediate use in different geographical areas, or used to compare future data with relative ease and high accuracy. Such data displays require peer-reviewed journals to permit greater numbers of more complex tables to present results. The Meropenem Yearly Susceptibility Test Information Collection (MYSTIC) study is a year-on-year global surveillance programme in medical centres where meropenem is available for use. We have developed a presentation strategy that expands the long-term clinical value of MYSTIC results. In addition to statistical parameters, tables of cumulative percentages or numbers of strains inhibited at each tested antimicrobial concentration will be presented. Alternative figures (Finland-o-grams) could also be used, but these generally lack precise extractable rates and require more journal space. Regardless of study design, promotion of this presentation philosophy enhances any surveillance study's value to each reader or user and facilitates application to locally appropriate interpretations. The widespread use of these analysis and presentation principles as benchmarks by various resistance studies and networks is strongly encouraged, particularly by investigations across international boundaries.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2000

Detection of emerging resistance patterns within longitudinal surveillance systems: data sensitivity and microbial susceptibility. MYSTIC Advisory Board. Meropenem Yearly Susceptibility Test Information Collection.

Communicating information from antimicrobial resistance surveillance study data to microbiologists and physicians can be challenging. Large amounts of data, commonly reaching millions of MICs or zone diameter endpoints, must be analysed and condensed to easily-read tables or figures. Furthermore, data must not be prejudged relative to susceptibility categories, because of the diverse nature of interpretive criteria available internationally. An attempt must be made to present results of all surveillance studies in a mode that can be reinterpreted for immediate use in different geographical areas, or used to compare future data with relative ease and high accuracy. Such data displays require peer-reviewed journals to permit greater numbers of more complex tables to present results. The Meropenem Yearly Susceptibility Test Information Collection (MYSTIC) study is a year-on-year global surveillance programme in medical centres where meropenem is available for use. We have developed a presentation strategy that expands the long-term clinical value of MYSTIC results. In addition to statistical parameters, tables of cumulative percentages or numbers of strains inhibited at each tested antimicrobial concentration will be presented. Alternative figures (Finland-o-grams) could also be used, but these generally lack precise extractable rates and require more journal space. Regardless of study design, promotion of this presentation philosophy enhances any surveillance study's value to each reader or user and facilitates application to locally appropriate interpretations. The widespread use of these analysis and presentation principles as benchmarks by various resistance studies and networks is strongly encouraged, particularly by investigations across international boundaries.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1994

Analysis, requirements and development of a collaborative social and medical services data model.

In any medical and social service setting, patient data must be readily shared among multiple providers for delivery of expeditious, quality care. This paper describes the development and implementation of a generalized social and medical services data model for an ambulatory population. The model, part of the Collaborative Social and Medical Services System Project, is based on the data needs of the Baylor College of Medicine Teen Health Clinics and follows the guidelines of the ANSI HISPP/MSDS JWG for a Common Data Model. Design details were determined by informal staff interviews, operational observations, and examination of clinic guidelines and forms. The social and medical services data model is implemented using object-oriented data modeling techniques and will be implemented in C++ using an Object-Oriented Database Management System.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Software for efficient visualization and analysis of multiple, large, multi-dimensional data sets from magnetic resonance imaging.

Comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols create multiple, large, multi-dimensional data sets that are challenging to review and interpret in an efficient manner. We report on a program called CliniViewer that uses a common data file format to display all files originating from the scanner and other post-processing programs in an integrated display matrix. The five rows of images and maps have general themes of Anatomic Images, Echo-Planar Images, Parametric Maps (derived from echo-planar images), Metabolic Images, and Non-Image Data, respectively. Each row of the matrix contains related image windows of individual MR acquisitions or maps derived from such acquisitions.An interpreter can quickly screen all images and then select any image from the display to create a separate daughter window incorporating a set of analysis tools for in-depth examination. Given that the images can be acquired in the same co-registered planes without moving the subject, regional analysis can be performed simultaneously across multiple MR image types and the corresponding maps, thereby integrating anatomic features with parametric properties. Color can be used to highlight parametric values that fall outside normal ranges to quickly identify abnormalities on each map. CliniViewer is an efficient environment for analyzing multiple images and maps from comprehensive clinical imaging protocols, aiding the neuroradiologist in providing an integrated interpretation of all available MR data for efficient clinical decision making. CliniViewer is compared to AnalyzeAVW and NIH Image, two popular MR image analysis tools. CliniViewer allows efficient clinical analysis of multiple images and maps from comprehensive clinical imaging protocols.

Brain↗

PubMed2001

Development of a universal connectivity and data management system.

Point-of-care testing (POCT) is an increasingly popular method of delivering laboratory testing. Management of POCT is challenging given the variety of devices, locations, and staff that need to be coordinated to ensure quality results and meet regulatory guidelines. Electronic capture and transfer of data are preferred for managing POCT, but there is currently no standard method of connecting different devices. Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (JHMI) developed a common data management system with interfaces to all of its POCT devices. All POCT data are collected in one database and analyzed in a similar fashion. Where data were once collected by carrying laptops to each nursing unit, the POCT devices can now connect directly to the database over the Internet. Algorithms have been created to automate the data analysis and review process. Over the several years that this software has been used, JHMI has experienced improved quality, accuracy, and management of its POCT program. The labor saved by increased automation of data review is refocused on enhancing the performance and scope of the program. Current connectivity and analysis algorithms have future application to remote consultation, management of home self-monitoring patients, and examination of real-time data.

Academic Medical Centers↗

PubMed1992

Towards an essential data set: applicability in the domain of maternal health services.

There is a need for consensus on the quantity of data that must be available in a computer-based information system of a health care organization. In this paper we take up the issue of defining the data content of an information system and introduce the concept of Essential Data Sets with an explicit methodology which was applied to define a data set for the Maternal Health Services program. A key step in the method was a recognized technique used in systems development process called data modelling, in this case infological modelling, by an interdisciplinary group. A preliminary set of 86 data elements was identified and it provided the foundation for development of an application software for discussion and a real-world testing framework. The acceptability of the data set was tested in a laboratory perspective by retrospective data entry from records of 94 pregnant women registered at a maternal health care center in Sweden. Data from a total of 1,318 prenatal visits, an outcome visit, and a postnatal visit for each woman was entered into a computer using the software, with no loss of information. Thus, in a short-term perspective the acceptability of the data set was demonstrated. The software has since been implemented for pilot prospective studies at sites in India and Sweden. The use of a common data protocol is an essential foundation for patient outcome research, especially as the trend of health care management has changed from a "process of care" orientation to an "outcome of care" orientation.

Electronic Data Processing↗

PubMed2026

Two blind spots in the demographic inference of human origins from genomic data.

Ancient DNA and new inference methods have transformed the study of human origins, but consensus has not followed. Evidence increasingly indicates that hominin populations were pervasively structured and admixed, so complexity rather than simplicity is the appropriate prior. Here I highlight two blind spots that impede resolving that complexity. First, every inference passes through summaries of the data, and those summaries bound what can be recovered. Second, the space of candidate models is vast, yet competing model classes are rarely fit to common data, so a reported best model carries little evidence about untested model classes. This second blind spot reflects practice rather than data. It can be narrowed by testing competing models against withheld summaries and by reporting the models that were tried and rejected rather than only the winner.

Journal Article↗

PubMedDate not supplied

MICRO-IDEA: improving decisions in epidemiological analysis by a microcomputer.

A microcomputer system has been designed to promote uniform and correct epidemiological data handling in the Local Health Units of the National Health Service in Italy. The system allows to define files of any format, to perform the common data manipulation procedures and to make simple statistical analyses. Two modules, based on artificial intelligence techniques, give the possibility to input from 'experts' and to update domain-specific knowledge concerning facts which characterize the application area covered by the file, and some consultation models which represent the reasoning to follow when solving problems of epidemiological data analysis. A decision support module allows an inexpert user to have access to these models, and to be guided in the choice of the appropriate procedure. The menu-driven interactive approach insures a friendly user-to-system interface, and entails a little training for effective use by health workers inexpert in informatics.

Artificial Intelligence↗

PubMed2004

Bio-ALIRT biosurveillance detection algorithm evaluation.

INTRODUCTION: Early detection of disease outbreaks by a medical biosurveillance system relies on two major components: 1) the contribution of early and reliable data sources and 2) the sensitivity, specificity, and timeliness of biosurveillance detection algorithms. This paper describes an effort to assess leading detection algorithms by arranging a common challenge problem and providing a common data set. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to determine whether automated detection algorithms can reliably and quickly identify the onset of natural disease outbreaks that are surrogates for possible terrorist pathogen releases, and do so at acceptable false-alert rates (e.g., once every 2-6 weeks). METHODS: Historic de-identified data were obtained from five metropolitan areas over 23 months; these data included International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes related to respiratory and gastrointestinal illness syndromes. An outbreak detection group identified and labeled two natural disease outbreaks in these data and provided them to analysts for training of detection algorithms. All outbreaks in the remaining test data were identified but not revealed to the detection groups until after their analyses. The algorithms established a probability of outbreak for each day's counts. The probability of outbreak was assessed as an "actual" alert for different false-alert rates. RESULTS: The best algorithms were able to detect all of the outbreaks at false-alert rates of one every 2-6 weeks. They were often able to detect for the same day human investigators had identified as the true start of the outbreak. CONCLUSIONS: Because minimal data exists for an actual biologic attack, determining how quickly an algorithm might detect such an attack is difficult. However, application of these algorithms in combination with other data-analysis methods to historic outbreak data indicates that biosurveillance techniques for analyzing syndrome counts can rapidly detect seasonal respiratory and gastrointestinal illness outbreaks. Further research is needed to assess the value of electronic data sources for predictive detection. In addition, simulations need to be developed and implemented to better characterize the size and type of biologic attack that can be detected by current methods by challenging them under different projected operational conditions.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1995

Recommended guidelines for uniform reporting of pediatric advanced life support: the Pediatric Utstein Style. A statement for healthcare professionals from a task force of the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Heart Association, and the European Resuscitation Council.

This consensus document is an attempt to provide an organized method of reporting pediatric ALS data in out-of-hospital, emergency department, and in-hospital settings. For this methodology to gain wide acceptance, the task force encourages development of a common data set for both adult and pediatric ALS interventions. In addition, every effort should be made to ensure that consistent definitions are used in all age groups. As health care changes, we will all be challenged to document the effectiveness of what we currently do and show how new interventions or methods of treatment improve outcome and/or reduce cost. Only through collaborative research will we obtain the necessary data. For these reasons, and to improve the quality of care and patient outcomes, it is the hope of the task force that clinical researchers will follow the recommendations in this document. It is recognized that further refinements of this statement will be needed; these recommendations will improve only when researchers, clinicians, and EMS personnel use them, work with them, and modify them. Suggestions, recommendations, and other comments aimed at improving the reporting of pediatric resuscitation should be sent to Arno Zaritsky, MD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughter, Division of Critical Care Medicine, 601 Children's Lane, Norfolk, VA 23507.

Child↗

PubMed2006

Pathway analysis using random forests classification and regression.

MOTIVATION: Although numerous methods have been developed to better capture biological information from microarray data, commonly used single gene-based methods neglect interactions among genes and leave room for other novel approaches. For example, most classification and regression methods for microarray data are based on the whole set of genes and have not made use of pathway information. Pathway-based analysis in microarray studies may lead to more informative and relevant knowledge for biological researchers. RESULTS: In this paper, we describe a pathway-based classification and regression method using Random Forests to analyze gene expression data. The proposed methods allow researchers to rank important pathways from externally available databases, discover important genes, find pathway-based outlying cases and make full use of a continuous outcome variable in the regression setting. We also compared Random Forests with other machine learning methods using several datasets and found that Random Forests classification error rates were either the lowest or the second-lowest. By combining pathway information and novel statistical methods, this procedure represents a promising computational strategy in dissecting pathways and can provide biological insight into the study of microarray data. AVAILABILITY: Source code written in R is available from http://bioinformatics.med.yale.edu/pathway-analysis/rf.htm.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2006

Can we omit para-aorta lymph node dissection in endometrial cancer?

BACKGROUND: Patients with endometrial cancer can present with various complicating illnesses, including obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and advanced aging. These patients are at high risk of severe post-operative complications. Thus, the question of whether or not to perform systemic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy remains controversial for all patients. It is reported that external iliac lymph nodes are the most commonly involved lymph nodes in endometrial cancer, and para-aortic lymph node (PAN) metastases spread via a route shared by the common iliac lymph nodes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential efficacy of omitting PAN dissection when metastasis of the common iliac and external iliac lymph nodes is negative. METHODS: Between January 1994 and June 2004, a total of 101 patients at Akita University Hospital who had undergone total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, total pelvic lymphadenectomy and para-aortic lymphadenectomy to the level of the renal vein for endometrial cancer were enrolled in this study. RESULTS: Eleven patients in all were found to have metastasis for PANs. Among 13 patients with common and/or external iliac positive lymph nodes, 10 showed PAN metastasis. Of the 88 patients with negative lymph nodes, 87 showed no PAN metastasis. Based on these data, common and/or external iliac lymph nodes had 90.9% sensitivity (10/11) and 96.7% specificity (87/90) for detecting PAN metastasis. CONCLUSION: Para-aortic lymphadenectomy might be avoided by the negativity of such lymph nodes, thereby minimizing post-operative complications.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗

PubMed1995

Recommended guidelines for uniform reporting of pediatric advanced life support: the pediatric Utstein Style. A statement for healthcare professionals from a task force of the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Heart Association, and the European Resuscitation Council. Writing Group.

This consensus document is an attempt to provide an organized method of reporting pediatric ALS data in out-of-hospital, emergency department, and in-hospital settings. For this methodology to gain wide acceptance, the task force encourages development of a common data set for both adult and pediatric ALS interventions. In addition, every effort should be made to ensure that consistent definitions are used in all age groups. As health care changes, we will all be challenged to document the effectiveness of what we currently do and show how new interventions or methods of treatment improve outcome and/or reduce cost. Only through collaborative research will we obtain the necessary data. For these reasons, and to improve the quality of care and patient outcomes, it is the hope of the task force that clinical researchers will follow the recommendations in this document. It is recognized that further refinements of this statement will be needed; these recommendations will improve only when researchers, clinicians, and EMS personnel use them, work with them, and modify them. Suggestions, emendations, and other comments aimed at improving the reporting of pediatric resuscitation should be sent to Arno Zaritsky, MD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Children's Hospital of the King's Daughter, Division of Critical Care Medicine, 601 Children's Lane, Norfolk, VA 23507.

Child↗

PubMed1995

Recommended guidelines for uniform reporting of pediatric advanced life support: the pediatric Utstein style. A statement for healthcare professionals from a task force of the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Heart Association, and the European Resuscitation Council.

This consensus document is an attempt to provide an organized method of reporting pediatric ALS data in out-of-hospital, emergency department, and in-hospital settings. For this methodology to gain wide acceptance, the task force encourages development of a common data set for both adult and pediatric ALS interventions. In addition, every effort should be made to ensure that consistent definitions are used in all age groups. As health care changes, we will all be challenged to document the effectiveness of what we currently do and show how new interventions or methods of treatment improve outcome and/or reduce cost. Only through collaborative research will we obtain the necessary data. For these reasons, and to improve the quality of care and patient outcomes, it is the hope of the task force that clinical researchers will follow the recommendations in this document. It is recognized that further refinements of this statement will be needed; these recommendations will improve only when researchers, clinicians, and EMS personnel use them, work with them, and modify them. Suggestions, emendations, and other comments aimed at improving the reporting of pediatric resuscitation should be sent to Arno Zaritsky, MD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughter, Division of Critical Care Medicine, 601 Children's Lane, Norfolk, VA 23507.

Child↗

PubMed1976

Mouse haemoglobin Beta chains. Sequence data on embryonic y chain and genetic linkage of the Y-chain locus to the adult beta-chain locus Hbb.

Embryonic haemoglobin y-chain types were determined by starch-gel electrophoresis for inbred Mus musculus strains Sec/ReJ and Au/SsJ (with Hbbs and Hbbp adult beta-chain alleles respectively) and for random-bred HA/ICR (Swiss) mice, which had been selected to be homozygous for the adult Hbbd beta-chain allele. The strain with the Hbbs allele had y1 embryonic beta chain and the strain with the Hbbd allele had y2. The strain with the Hbbp allele also had y2 chain. A breeding study showed that the maximum recombination frequency between the Hbb locus and the y-chain locus is 5.4% at the 95% confidence level. Embryonic y2 chain was sequenced for 39 positions from the N-terminus with an Edman-Begg sequenator. Some tryptic-peptide composition data were obtained on both y1 and y2 chains. No amino acid substitutions between y1 and y2 chains were found in the 40 positions for which there are common data on the two chains. y2 and adult beta chains are different in 12 of the first 21 positions, but show considerable similarity thereafter. It is suggested that homologous but unequal crossing-over between y-chain and adult beta-chain loci could have given rise to the adult beta-chain allele Hbbd, which produces structurally different major and minor beta chains from two closely linked genes.

Alleles↗

PubMed1999

Design of a haptic data visualization system for people with visual impairments.

Data visualization is a technique used to explore real or simulated data by representing it in a form more suitable for comprehension. This form is usually visual since vision provides a means to perceive large quantities of spatial information quickly. However, people who are blind or visually impaired must rely on other senses to accomplish this perception. Haptic interface technology makes digital information tangible, which can provide an additional medium for data exploration and analysis. Unfortunately, the amount of information that can be perceived through a haptic interface is considerably less than that which can be perceived through vision, so a haptic environment must be enhanced to aid the comprehension of the display. This enhancement includes speech output and the addition of object properties such as friction and texture. Textures are generated which can be modified according to a characteristic or property of the object to which it is applied. For example, textures can be used as an analog to color in graphical displays to highlight variations in data. Taking all of these factors into account, methods for representing various forms of data are presented here with the goal of providing a haptic visualization system without the need for a visual component. The data forms considered include one-, two-, and three-dimensional (1-D, 2-D, and 3-D) data which can be rendered using points, lines, surfaces, or vector fields similar to traditional graphical displays. The end result is a system for the haptic display of these common data sets which is accessible for people with visual impairments.

Blindness↗

PubMed2004

Small-cell carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract: a review.

PURPOSE: To improve our understanding of the entity of small-cell carcinoma (SmCC) of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. METHODS: A MEDLINE search was done, using the terms "small cell carcinoma" or "oat cell carcinoma" combined with "gastrointestinal" or with any of the GI sites, for the period 1970 to 2003. The 138 eligible reports identified in this way were reviewed for clinical data. RESULTS: To date, approximately 544 cases of GI SmCC have been reported. The disease represents 0.1% to 1% of all GI malignancies, with the esophagus being the most common primary site. A majority of patients present with overt distant metastases. Systemic symptoms are common; ectopic hormonal secretion may occur. By light microscopy, GI SmCCs are essentially indistinguishable from primary pulmonary SmCC. The presence of non-SmCC components is common. Data from molecular analysis of the disease has identified some similarities to pulmonary SmCC. Chemotherapy represents the main treatment option, with modest impact on survival. In locoregional disease, the literature suggests that treatment be initiated using chemoradiotherapy and then, if metastatic disease is still excluded, surgical resection be considered. The disease is highly aggressive, and survival is in the range of several weeks for untreated patients and of 6 to 12 months for those receiving therapy. CONCLUSION: SmCC of the GI tract is a rare and lethal disease. Although there are many similarities to pulmonary SmCC, some differences between the two entities are suggested. While chemotherapy can achieve significant palliation, surgery may have a potential impact on long-term survival of patients with locoregional disease.

Adolescent↗