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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Genetic expression of human adenoviruses in simian cells. Evidence for interserotypic inhibition of viral DNA synthesis.

Most simian cells are permissive for SV40 and adenovirus-SV40 hybrids but nonpermissive for human adenoviruses, and the defect has been shown to take place at the level of processing of late viral mRNAs (Klessig and Grodzicker, 1979). Viral DNA synthesis and virus progeny production were studied in simian cells infected with different adenovirus serotypes. Adenoviruses belonging to oncogenic subgroups A and B (Ad31 and Ad3) failed to replicate their DNA in CV1 cells, whereas DNA replication occurred for all the other serotypes. Co-infection of CV1 cells with SV40 and Ad3 (or Ad31) resulted in the inhibition of SV40 DNA synthesis, as well as cellular DNA synthesis. The inhibition was not related to adenovirus DNA replication, since SV40 did not complement the Ad3/Ad31 replication defective function. Similar results were obtained in coinfected BSC and MK2 simian cell lines. Inhibition of Ad2ND1 DNA synthesis and gene expression also occurred in co-infection of simian cells with nondefective Ad2ND1 hybrid and defective Ad3/Ad31. In permissive human cell lines (HeLa or KB) co-infected with Ad2 and Ad3 (or Ad31), a dominant, inhibitory effect of Ad3 (or Ad31) over Ad2 was also observed. The inhibition appeared to function stoichiometrically and not catalytically, and to involve early adenovirus gene products. In both simian and human cells a hierarchy of dominance appeared between serotypes belonging to different subgroups. The degree of inhibitory effect occurred in the following decreasing order: Ad3 and Ad7 (subgroup B), Ad9 (D), Ad4 (E), Ad31 (A), Ad2 and Ad5 (C).

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1985

In situ hybridization--visualization and quantitation of genetic expression in mammalian brain.

In situ hybridization techniques have been developed that quantitate the relative levels of specific mRNAs in individual cell types of a heterogeneous tissue, the mammalian brain. Here, we discuss those special procedures and precautions necessary for hybridizing radiolabeled probes to developing and adult brain mRNAs. The probes discussed include double-stranded recombinant DNA, as well as single-stranded DNA, RNA, and polyuridylate. We detail the procedure for determining the relative numbers of hybrids formed and computing the ratio of specific mRNAs to total polyadenylated mRNA and discuss the importance of this ratio for comparison of relative levels of specific mRNAs within and among cell types in an individual brain or between brains.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Change of genetic expression by physical compression forces.

Despite intense investigation of transmembrane signalling mediated by lymphocyte surface molecules, the subcellular mechanisms responsible for these phenomena remain poorly understood (Kishimoto, T. et al., 1983). In the present study, an answer for the mechanism is demonstrated by using human B blastoid cell line (CESS) which has IgG and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptors on the cell surface and produces IgG in response to IL-6 without any requirement for proliferation (Muraguchi, A. et al., 1981).

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Clinical expression, genetics and therapy of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency was the first known cause of primary immunodeficiency. Over the past 25 years the basis for immune deficiency has largely been established. Now it appears that ADA deficiency may also cause hepatic toxicity, raising new questions about its pathogenesis. The ADA gene has been sequenced and the ADA three-dimensional structure solved. The relationship between genotype and phenotype is being analysed, and ADA deficiency has become a focus for novel approaches to enzyme replacement and gene therapy.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMed2003

Control of intracellular delivery and inhibition of genetic expression by DNA-peptide conjugates.

Various types of DNA-peptide conjugates were synthesized by solid phase fragment condensation (SPFC). DNA-LNS (nuclear localizing signal) peptide conjugate was proved to be delivered and localized into cellular nucleus and exhibited higher antisense inhibitory effect against telomerase than antisense phosphorothioate DNA. In contrast, DNAzymes conjugated with NES (nuclear export signal) peptide was shown to be taken up and localized in cytoplasm. Inhibitory effect of the conjugate DNAzyme against BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase was evaluated to be more significant than the native DNAzyme.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2004

Control of intracellular delivery of oligonucleotides by signal peptides and genetic expression in human cells.

In the present study, membrane permeability and intracellular localization of oligonucleotide (ODN) conjugated with naturally occurring functional peptides or designed peptide were investigated, as well as antisense properties of them to inhibit of telomerase activities. All conjugate antisense ODNs showed higher membrane permeability and nuclease resistance than natural ODN. Intracellular localization of ODN could be precisely controlled by conjugation with functional peptides. Conjugate antisense ODNs indicated thousand fold higher inhibitory effects than natural ODN in cellular extract and 95% suppression in human leukemia cells.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Androgen receptor in the rat pancreas: genetic expression and steroid regulation.

Androgens influence the incidence and prevalence of pancreatic cancer in humans and animal models. To our knowledge there has been molecular demonstration of the presence of neither the androgen receptor (AR) nor transcripts of the AR gene. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-Southern blotting was employed for molecular detection and measurement of the androgen receptor messenger ribonucleic acid (AR mRNA) in pancreas. Total RNA obtained from pancreas, prostate, seminal vesicles, and testes of neonatal and adult male and female rats, as well as castrated males substituted with testosterone cyclopentylate, was analyzed by Northern blot technique. Positive hybridization to AR cDNA was obtained in all tissues assayed but not in the pancreas. However, a clear AR 32P cDNA hybridization signal was obtained in pancreatic tissues after cDNA synthesis using RT-PCR-Southern blotting. The levels of the AR transcripts obtained by RT-PCR in the various pancreatic samples were as follows: adult females and neonatal animals > castrated adult males > adult males > castrated adult males substituted with testosterone. These results indicated that the pancreatic tissue possessed transcriptional activity of the AR gene, although to a lesser extent than the typical androgen responsive tissues (prostate and seminal vesicles). In conclusion, transcriptional activity of the AR gene in the pancreas seemed to be modulated by the androgenic milieu in the tissue similar to that reported for the classical androgen-responsive organs.

Androgens↗
PubMed1977

A mechanism for the induction and regulation of human fibroblastoid interferon genetic expression.

Some commonly used inducers such as viruses and double-stranded RNA are known to inhibit cellular protein synthesis. We have now shown that conventional inhibitors of macromolecular synthesis such as cycloheximide, 2-(4-methyl-2, 6-dinitroanilino)-N-methyl propionamide (MDMP) and I-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB) can induce the production of significant amounts of interferon in human fibroblastoid cell lines. The interferon-inducing activity of these inhibitors depends on the concentration as well as the time of treatment with the inhibitors. These findings lead to the suggestion that the induction of human interferon may be mediated by a reduction in the critical concentration of a rapidly turning over repressor(s) which normally represses the interferon gene(s) in uninduced cells.

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMed1986

Genetic expression of cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase activity defines abnormal photoreceptor differentiation in neurological mutants of inherited retinal degeneration.

We have examined cyclic GMP concentrations, guanylate cyclase activities, and cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) activities in developing retinas of congenic mice with different allelic combinations at the retinal degeneration (rd) and retinal degeneration slow (rds) loci. Although guanylate cyclase activities were found to be uniformly low in the mutant retinas, striking differences in PDE activity and cyclic GMP levels were observed in retinas of the various genotypes. Homozygous rds mice, which lack receptor outer segments, showed reduced retinal PDE activity and cyclic GMP concentration in comparison to normal animals. In heterozygous rds/+ mice with abnormal outer segments, the levels were intermediate. In retinas of homozygous rd mice, PDE activity was lower than in rds retinas and cyclic GMP levels were much higher. In mice homozygous for both rd and rds genes, retinal PDE activities were even lower than in single homozygous rd mice; the cyclic GMP level reached the same high value as in the rd animals, persisted for a longer time at this high level, and did not correlate with the rate of photoreceptor cell loss. Thus, a marked variation in PDE activity appears to be the major manifestation of abnormal outer segment differentiation and eventual degeneration of photoreceptor cells in these neurological mutants. An increased cyclic GMP level seems to be an essential corollary in the expression of the rd gene even in the absence of outer segments, but it appears unlikely that an abnormally high nucleotide level in itself causes photoreceptor cell death.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1983

Genetic expression in the developing brain.

The adult mouse brain contains complex populations of polyadenylated [poly(A)+] and nonpolyadenylated [poly(A)-] messenger RNA's (mRNA's). These mRNA's are separate sequence populations, similar in complexity, and in combination are equivalent to approximately 150,000 different mRNA sequences, of average length. Essentially all of the "adult" poly(A)+ mRNA's are present in the brain at birth. In contrast, most of the poly(A)- mRNA's are absent. Brain poly(A)- mRNA's begin to appear soon after birth, but the full adult complement is not reached until young adulthood. This suggests that these poly(A)- mRNA's specify proteins required for the biological capabilities of the brain that emerge during the course of postnatal development.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Genetic expression of Wilson's disease in cell culture: a diagnostic marker.

Wilson's disease fibroblasts have an elevated intracellular copper concentration as compared to cultured control cells. A decreased ratio of copper to protein was observed in cytoplasmic protein (or proteins) having a molecular weight greater than or equal to 30,000 in Wilson's disease cells. The results of this culture study indicate its potential importance in the early unequivocal diagnosis of this disorder.

Adolescent↗