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PubMedDate not supplied

Testing histocompatibility antigens (loci A and B) in a group of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients in Bucharest.

For a preliminary estimation of the prevalence and significance of HLA antigens, tests were carried out on the A and B loci in an unselected group of 107 patients with type 1 diabetes in Bucharest. Monospecific antisera furnished by NIH, Bethesda were used. For HLA-A the following data were obtained: A2 (20.3% of the total specificities); A1 (18.4%); A3 (14.0%); A28 (10.1%). Provisional estimations in the healthy population also indicated HLA-A2 as being more frequent than followed by A30/31, A1, A9, A3. For HLA-B: B7 (38.2%); B5, B12 and B14 (14.0% each); B8 (11.1%). In the healthy subjects, the order was B12, B35, B5, B8 the same as B18, then B7 (which did not exceed 11%). The most frequently encountered haplotypes in the diabetic patients were: A2/B7 (8.4% of the total haplotypes); A3/B7 (6.9%); A1/B7 (6.6%); A10/B7 (3.8%); A9/B7 and A11/B7 (3.6% each). An unexpectedly high frequency of the HLA-B7 antigen was found in group of diabetic patients investigated, contrasting with its assumed "protector" role in the Caucasian population. The frequency of antigen HLA-A3 and haplotype HLA-A3/B7 infringes their listing in the "resistance axis" to diabetes.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1↗
PubMed1984

Diagnostic concepts in clinical organ transplantation: histocompatibility testing and T cell monitoring.

Immunological rejection is still the most important problem in clinical organ transplantation requiring the lifelong immuno-suppressive treatment of the allograft recipient. The clinical success rate however can be improved by a variety of diagnostic procedures: The reduction of the histocompatibility barrier between donor and recipient by HLA-typing and organ exchange in order to obtain the best possible match; posttransplant monitoring of donor specific immune responsiveness towards donor antigens; monitoring of T-cell subsets by monoclonal antibodies and cytofluometry. T-cell subset monitoring is a rapidly developing new technique with great potential. With the presently available first generation reagents already a detailed analysis of the major T-cell population in circulation is possible, which can markedly facilitate the diagnosis of rejection and viral infection. New monoclonal antibodies, defining certain activation stages of T-cells or permitting a more refined differentiation of functionally distinct subsets will lead to increased relevance of this diagnostic approach. A particularly interesting aspect of monoclonal antibodies against T-cell differentiation antigens is their potential therapeutic use as immunosuppressive drugs with a highly selective action on defined T-cell subsets.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1964

LYMPHOCYTE INTERACTION: A POTENTIAL HISTOCOMPATIBILITY TEST IN VITRO.

Lymphocytes from two unrelated individuals, cultured together in the same tube, undergo morphological transformation to large cells and divide. Both of these parameters may be estimated quantitatively. There is a correlation between the degree of this response and the degree of cross-reactivity of grafts from the two individuals placed on a third unrelated recipient.

Allergy and Immunology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Haploidentical transplantation. Importance of histocompatibility testing and chimerism studies in allogeneic bone marrow/stem cell transplantation.

The transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells is sometimes the only treatment option for certain types of malignancies and hematological disorders. The best way to ensure a positive outcome from this type of procedure is to secure an identical human lymphocyte antigen-matched donor or use an autologous graft. This article reviews the indications for transplantation, the recipient and donor selection process, and posttransplant follow-up. The advantages of using haploidentical donors and the typing process also will be discussed.

Chimera↗
PubMed1981

Comparative histocompatibility testing of seven calcium phosphate ceramics.

Five hydroxyapatite and two tricalcium phosphate ceramics were implanted in rat femora for one to six months. They were compared with each other in regard to biocompatibility and bone induction. After one month bone had grown directly on to the surface of all implants. After six months the on-growth of bone had increased with the exception of two dense HA materials. In these materials some bio-degradation had occurred with subsequent formation of a wide macrophage interlayer. Bio-degradation and biocompatibility of calcium phosphate ceramics seem to depend not only on density but also on other factors. Induction of bone could not be observed in soft tissue environment.

Animals↗