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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Effect of saline adaptation and renal portal sodium infusion on glomerular size distributions and kidney function in domestic fowl.

Experiments were designed to evaluate acute and chronic effects of sodium on glomerular size distributions and kidney function of Single Comb White Leghorns. Chicks were raised on either tap water (control) or .6% NaCl (saline) drinking water. Kidney function studies were conducted when the birds reached 14 to 16 weeks of age. Saline-adapted birds had significantly lower glomerular filtration rates and significantly higher sodium and potassium excretion rates when compared with birds raised on tap water. Acute effects of sodium on kidney function were assessed by infusing 25 mM tetrasodium pyrophosphate unilaterally into the renal portal system. For birds raised on tap water, unilateral sodium infusion caused a significant unilateral reduction in the glomerular filtration rate. However, neither the acute nor the chronic reductions in glomerular filtration rates in response to sodium were associated with a reduction in the number of filtering nephrons. Saline-adapted birds had significantly hypertrophied glomeruli.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Phosphorus-induced nephrocalcinosis and kidney function in female rats.

The question was addressed whether dietary phosphorus-induced nephrocalcinosis in rats is associated with impaired kidney function. Weanling female rats were fed purified diets containing either 0.4 or 0.6% (wt/wt) phosphorus for 28 d. The diet containing 0.6% phosphorus produced marked kidney calcification, as determined both by chemical analysis of kidney calcium and histological examination in kidney sections. Histological examination did not show calcification in stomach, lung, heart or thoracic aorta, which are predisposition sites of metastatic calcification in secondary renal hyperparathyroidism. In rats fed the 0.6% phosphorus diet, phosphorus retention and urinary excretion were greater compared with rats fed the 0.4% phosphorus diet. The following indicators of kidney function were examined: water intake, urinary volume, urine and plasma osmolality, urine and plasma creatinine, urine and plasma urea, urea and creatinine clearance and urinary albumin excretion. Of these indicators, only urinary albumin excretion was significantly increased in rats fed the nephrocalcinogenic diet. In a further experiment, the increase of urinary albumin was reproduced. After pooling the results of the two experiments, in individual rats fed the 0.6% phosphorus diet, the concentration of kidney calcium was found to be positively related with kidney weight expressed relative to body weight (r = 0.82, n = 22) and with albumin excretion in urine (r = 0.79, n = 28). The increased weight of calcinotic kidneys was mainly due to both calcium deposition and tubular hyperplasia. It is concluded that dietary phosphorus-induced nephrocalcinosis is associated with impaired kidney function in rats.

Albumins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Kidney function in heart-lung transplant recipients: the effect of low-dosage cyclosporine therapy.

The indices of kidney function of all discharged heart-lung transplant survivors were examined before and after the introduction of a triple-drug immunosuppressive regimen comprised of low dosages of cyclosporine (to maintain a trough serum level of 75 to 100 ng/ml by radioimmunoassay), azathioprine (1 to 1.5 mg/kg/day), and prednisone. A comparison of survivors treated with either high dosages of cyclosporine (n = 19) or low dosages of cyclosporine (n = 8) revealed a lower early creatinine level postoperatively (1.84 versus 0.96 mg/dl), a higher creatinine clearance (46.33 versus 62.47 ml/min), and a lower cyclosporine level (337.96 versus 204.30 ng/ml) in the latter group. The findings from the outpatient period were similar to the above, and all findings were statistically significant (p less than or equal to 0.05). Another comparison of a subgroup of survivors (n = 11) before and after conversion to the low dosage cyclosporine triple-drug regimen demonstrated no significant difference in kidney function for nine patients and equivocal evidence of improvement in the other two patients for creatinine levels and creatinine clearance. Overall, despite the lower cyclosporine dosage used, we have not encountered an increased prevalence of acute heart or lung rejection. We conclude that early implementation of low dosages of cyclosporine, as part of a triple-drug immunosuppression regimen, is associated with preservation of kidney function while maintaining adequate immunosuppression. Patients with chronic azotemia from long-term cyclosporine therapy may still reap some benefit from this regimen.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1991

Effect of arginine depletion on glomerular and tubular kidney function: studies in isolated perfused rat kidneys.

The effect of L-Arg depletion on glomerular hemodynamics and tubular function of isolated rat kidneys perfused with a medium containing 21 amino acids has been studied. A cyclooxygenase inhibitor was added throughout for blockade of prostaglandin synthesis. Arg depletion caused significant (approximately 30%) reductions in renal perfusion flow rate (PFR, 13.9 +/- 1.2 vs. 19.8 +/- 0.6 ml.min-1.g (kidney wt-1), glomerular filtration rate (GFR, 598 +/- 79 vs. 924 +/- 42 microliters.min-1.g kidney wt-1), and urine flow rate (139 +/- 38 vs. 192 +/- 13 microliters.min-1.g kidney wt-1) compared with control kidneys, which were perfused with a physiological concentration of Arg (200 microM). Filtration fraction (FF) increased with Arg depletion (5.1 +/- 0.4 vs. 4.4 +/- 0.4%). Arg-depleted kidneys had a lower absolute sodium (TNa, 75.7 +/- 8.8 vs. 107.9 +/- 6.0 mumol.min-1.g kidney wt-1) and glucose reabsorption (T glucose, 3.7 +/- 0.6 vs. 5.6 +/- 0.5 mumol.min-1.g kidney wt-1), corresponding to a lower sodium and glucose filtration. Potassium handling and reabsorption of free water were not changed. Oxygen consumption (QO2) was lower in Arg-depleted kidneys (4.6 +/- 0.3 vs. 5.5 +/- 0.5 mumol.min-1.g kidney wt-1). The effects of Arg depletion were completely reversed by the addition of Arg (1 mM) at 120 min and partly reversed by the addition of citrulline (1 mM). Ornithine depletion or addition had no effect on PFR, GFR, FF, TNa, T glucose, and QO2. N omega-methyl-L-arginine, a specific inhibitor of nitric oxide endothelium-derived relaxing factor, produced the same effect as Arg depletion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Kidney function in cyclosporine-treated pediatric heart transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND: End-stage kidney disease may develop in 1% to 3% of cyclosporine-treated heart transplant recipients, and most patients show a decreased glomerular filtration rate. There are little data on kidney function in pediatric recipients, although good function is needed for their optimal development. METHODS: Kidney function was prospectively investigated in 10 children receiving triple immunosuppression (cyclosporine, azathioprine, methylprednisolone) during the first 18 months after heart transplantation. The early cyclosporine trough level target was 300 to 500 micrograms/L and 100 to 200 micrograms/L after the first year. 51Chromium-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, para-amino hippuric acid, lithium, and sodium clearances, measurements of serum and urinary electrolytes, and urinary concentration tests were performed. Renal biopsy specimens were obtained from four patients after 18 months. RESULTS: Heart function was good in all patients. Six patients (60%) remained rejection-free at 18 months. The mean glomerular filtration rate was 92.4 ml/min/1.73 m2 before transplantation, increased to 115 by 6 months (p < 0.05), and thereafter remained stable. The mean renal plasma flow was 487 ml/min/1.73 m2 after 18 months. Hypertension was seen in all patients at discharge but in only one at 18 months. Mild hyperuricemia was the most common sign of tubular dysfunction occurring in five patients at discharge but in only two patients at 18 months. The result of kidney histopathologic study was normal in three of four patients, and cyclosporine nephrotoxicity was not diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: Triple immunosuppression with cyclosporine adequately protects the graft against acute rejection. It is compatible with normal glomerular function and leads to only minor tubular disturbances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Endopyelotomy in poorly functioning kidney: is it worthwhile?

BACKGROUND: Endopyelotomy is a minimally invasive surgical alternative for primary ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction. However, its success in poorly functioning kidneys is controversial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 34 endopyelotomies performed on poorly functioning kidneys between January 1993 and December 1997 were reviewed. Of these, 13 patients had a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <15 mL/min (Group I) and 21 had a GFR of 15 to 25 mL/min (Group II). All the patients insisted on endopyelotomy to avoid open surgery. Antegrade endopyelotomy was performed by the twin guidewire rail technique with a cold knife. An indwelling stent was kept for 2 to 6 weeks. Patients were followed up with assessment of symptoms and diuretic renograms at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Endopyelotomy was considered successful in 8 of 13 patients (62%) in Group I. Success was achieved in 19 of 21 patients (90%) in Group II. CONCLUSION: Endopyelotomy can be performed for improvement of symptoms. Stabilization or improvement in GFR is less pronounced in poorly functioning kidneys with primary UPJ obstruction.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of human natural xenoantibody depletion and complement inactivation on early pig kidney function.

Preformed xenoreactive natural antibodies (XNA) and complement mediate hyperacute xenograft rejection (HXR) in pig-to-human discordant xenotransplantation. In a pig kidney-human blood xenoperfusion model, we investigated whether XNA depletion and/or human complement inactivation preserved early pig kidney function. Pig kidneys were perfused for 180 min with pig blood (AUTO group, n = 8), human blood (HETER group, n = 6), complement-inactivated human blood (COMi group, n = 5), XNA-depleted human blood (ABd group, n = 5) or complement-inactivated and XNA-depleted human blood (ABd&COMi group, n = 5). HETER kidneys were rejected after 15-30 min and showed vascular microthrombi and interstitial hemorrhages. XNA depletion and/or complement inactivation prevented HXR. The glomerular filtration rate in ABd, COMi and ABd&COMi groups was significantly lower than in the AUTO group. Also, beyond 60 min, the COMi group showed a significantly lower glomerular filtration rate than that observed in ABd and ABd&COMi groups. Kidneys from ABd, COMi and ABd&COMi groups displayed endothelial cell edema, as well as higher soluble P-selectin levels and a higher renal myeloperoxidase content than the AUTO group kidneys. COMi and ABd&COMi groups had a significantly lower renal myeloperoxidase level than the HETER group. Also, in contrast to HETER and ABd groups, these complement-inactivated groups failed to show a positive correlation between P-selectin and renal myeloperoxidase. We also investigated platelet-activating factor (PAF) as possible mediator for these functional and pathologic changes. We found that blood PAF levels were similar in HETER, ABd, COMi and ABd&COMi groups and significantly higher than in the AUTO group. Also, when PAF was added to porcine endothelial cell monolayers, morphological changes due to cytoskeleton contraction were observed, and these changes were prevented by preincubation with a PAF receptor antagonist. In conclusion, although depletion of XNA and/or complement inactivation prevent HXR, the pig kidney function is not preserved at the level of the autologous combination. The PAF overproduction observed in the xenogenic combination, which is independent of the presence of XNA and complement, may be, at least in part, responsible for early endothelial cell morphological changes still present when HXR is prevented.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Ureteroarterial fistula in a patient with a single functioning kidney.

A rare case is reported of a fistula between the left internal iliac artery and the left ureter in a patient whose left kidney was the only functioning kidney. Internal iliac artery embolization was initially successful in stopping the bleeding, but the fistula recurred when the ureteral stent was removed. Even after embolization, the tissue surrounding a fistula remains very fragile, so the fistula may easily recur as a result of slight injury or inflammation.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

[Serum lipids in diminished kidney function, during hemodialysis and after kidney transplantation].

Lipids have been investigated in three groups of patients with chronic renal insufficiency. 19 patients were on conservative treatment (no dialysis), 52 patients were on regular hemodialysis, and 27 patients had been transplanted. The results were compared with those obtained from control subjects of the same age and sex. Hyperlipoproteinemia was found in 25% of the uremic patients, 55% of hemodialysis patients, and 85% of transplant recipients. The predominant lipid abnormalities were hyperlipoproteinemia of Type IV in both uremic (5 out of 19) and hemodialysis patients (17 ou of 52). Hyperlipoproteinemia of Type II was mainly observed after transplantation (IIb: 13, IIa: 5 out of 27).

Adult↗
PubMed1974

Functional and morphologic maturation of the superficial nephrons. Relationship to total kidney function.

The functional and morphologic pattern of superficial nephron development was studied in guinea pigs ranging in age between 2 h and 38 days. Concomitent measurements of total kidney function and glomerular counts were also performed. Superficial nephron glomerular filtration rate was found to increase from 0.92 to 19.32 nl/min. The filtration rate of the entire kidney rose from 0.19 to 1.31 ml/min. During the first 15 days of life the average rate of increase in glomerular filtration rate per nephron (0.48 nl/min.day), obtained by dividing the increase in total kidney glomerular filtration rate by glomerular number, was more than twice the observed rate of increase in the superficial nephrons (0.21 nl/min.day). During the remainder of the first month, the increase in superficial nephron glomerular filtration rate (0.97 nl/min.day) was greater than the average increase for all nephrons (0.71 nl/min.day). Thus, the initial increase in total kidney glomerular filtration rate was primarily a consequence of the activity of the deep nephrons, whereas during the ensuing period the superficial nephrons appeared to be the sole contributors to the change in total kidney glomerular filtration rate.The increase in superficial nephron glomerular filtration rate was found to correlate closely with the increase in proximal tubular length. Functional glomerulotubular balance was maintained throughout the entire period of renal maturation.

Aging↗