[Methods of concentrating erythrocytes affected with the malaria parasite and free parasites (a review of the literature)].
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One bushbuck, Tragelaphus scriptus, and 1 common duiker, Sylvicapra grimmia, were shot each month from May 1983 to May 1984 in the Weza State Forest, Natal, i.e. a total of 13 animals of each species. The bushbuck were infested with 8 ixodid tick species, 2 louse species and a louse-fly species. The common duiker harboured 7 tick species and 2 louse species. Ticks of the genus Ixodes were the most numerous and prevalent on both antelope species, but no pattern of seasonal abundance was evident. Although only small numbers were recovered, adult Haemaphysalis aciculifer were present from September to February, nymphs of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus from May to September, and adult Rhipicephalus lunulatus from December to March. The louse-fly, Lipoptena paradoxa, was recovered from some of the bushbuck from October to May.
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A total of 69 warthogs, Phacochoerus aethiopicus, were collected from 4 localities within the Kruger National Park, eastern Transvaal Lowveld. These animals harboured 16 nematode species, 2 trematodes, 1 or 2 species of adult cestodes and the larval stages of 4 cestodes. No pattern of seasonal abundance could be determined for any of the helminths. The warthogs were also infested with 3 flea species, 1 louse species, 8 ixodid tick species, 1 argasid tick and the nymphae of a pentastomid. The seasonal abundance of fleas of the genus Echidnophaga, of the sucking louse Haematopinus phacochoeri and the ixodid ticks Amblyomma hebraeum, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus simus and Rhipicephalus zambeziensis was determined.
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Nineteen species of helminths were recovered from 34 of 35 black-necked stilts, Himantopus mexicanus Muller, collected from the Fort Bliss ponds, El Paso County, Texas. New host records are marked with an. The species identified were: Acoleus vaginatus, Davainea himantopodis, Diplophallus polymorphus, Eurycestus avoceti, Hymenolepis himantopodis, Hymenolepis sp. 1, Infula macrophallus, Coacitrema michiganensis, Cyclocoelum lanceolatum, Notocotylus sp., Parastrigea mexicanus, Tanaisia fedtschenkoi, Capillaria sp., C. anatis, C. contorta, C. mergi, Chevreuxia americana, Eustronglydes mergorum, and Splendidofilaria sp. Six species of mallophagan lice and 1 species of nasal mite, Rhinonyssus himantopus, were recovered. Helminths showed little concentration for dominance (0.09), were not very evenly distributed (0.49 +/- 0.08) nor very diverse (0.73 +/- 0.14), and most species were highly aggregated. The helminth community consisted of an unusually large number of core species (10). Three large species of tapeworms exhibited mostly paired infections, were mutually exclusive, and were negatively associated (-1).
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Histologic examination of skin and ocular lesions in various rodents infested by various species of Filariae with skin-dwelling microfilariae disclosed very similar aspects as compared to lesions noted in human onchocerciasis: coexistence in the same organ of five following types of lesion: vascular changes; subacute inflammatory cells infiltration; granulomatous lesions; scarring alterations; vascular ectasia.
Short term in vitro cultivation has been used successfully for biosynthetic labelling of TCA precipitable macromolecules of Papua New guinean isolates of Plasmodium falciparum. Conditions satisfactory for completion of the asexual erythrocytic cycle were achieved with aa minimum of sophisticated equipment. The techniques used are described in detail and mention is made of possible applications to assessment of chloroquine resistance and the mode of action of inhibitory antisera.
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