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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Characterization of the pharmacologic profile of a standardized soy extract in the ovariectomized rat model of menopause: effects on bone, uterus, and lipid profile.

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to assess the effect of a standardized soy extract (SSE, Soyselect) in the ovariectomized rat model of menopause. DESIGN: Ovariectomized rats were treated for 6 weeks with the soy extract (50 or 100 mg/kg/day - PO), vehicle (distilled water), or 17beta-estradiol (0.5 mg/kg/day - PO). Tissue-specific estrogen agonist effects were examined using the endpoints bone mineral density, biochemical parameters of bone turnover, modulation of cytokines involved in the bone remodeling, uterine weight, uterine histology, uterine hormone receptor status, and serum lipid level. RESULTS: The SSE produced a bone-sparing effect associated with a slowing down in the increased bone turnover observed after ovariectomy (as indicated by measurements of serum osteocalcin levels and excretion ratio of deoxypyridinoline); changes in serum interleukin-6 levels observed after SSE suggested that this bone-sparing effect could be partly attributed to the modulation of osteoclastogenesis induced by interleukin-6. Remarkably, organ weight data and histopathologic analysis did not show any stimulatory activity of the SSE on the uterus. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a significant down-regulation of estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) in uterine epithelium after 17beta-estradiol treatment, but not after treatment with the SSE; no significant differences among groups were observed in ER-alpha uterine stromal levels. After treatment with 17beta-estradiol, estrogen receptor-beta (ER-beta) expression was not modulated in the stroma or epithelium, whereas the SSE induced an up-regulation of ER-beta stromal expression. Collectively, these results suggest that the lack of stimulatory activity on the uterine epithelium using soy treatment could be due to a negligible stimulatory activity on estrogen receptor-alpha and/or to the enhanced expression observed in stromal ER-beta, the latter being considered as a negative modulator of ERalpha-mediated uterine proliferation. 17beta-estradiol, but not the SSE, down-regulated uterine epithelial progesterone receptor (PR), compared with ovariectomized rats. In the stromal compartment, progesterone receptor expression was fully up-regulated by 17beta-estradiol treatment and, to a lesser extent, by SSE treatment. The minor increase in lipid levels induced by ovariectomy was not affected by SSE administration. Finally, the lack of stimulatory activity on uterus was also confirmed in an immature female rat model. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrated that the tested extract has an interesting profile of tissue-specific response, in that it is efficacious in preventing experimental osteoporosis without causing stimulation in uterus at doses that are effective in bone.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2004

Does an 'autoimmune' profile affect the clinical profile of chronic hepatitis C? An Italian multicentre survey.

Nonorgan-specific autoantibodies (NOSA) are common in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. It is unclear whether serological markers of autoimmunity segregate in a cohort of cases with more severe liver damage. We assessed the relationship between NOSA and demographic, biochemical and histological features in 502 subjects with anti-HCV positive, HCV-RNA positive, HBsAg negative chronic hepatitis consecutively referred to four Italian liver units. Percutaneous liver biopsy was performed in all subjects. A single pathologist scored the biopsies using histology activity index classification. The overall prevalence of positivity for any NOSA was 36.9%. Antinuclear antibodies, anti-smooth muscle antibodies, and anti-liver/kidney microsomal antibodies were found in 15.7, 27.3 and 2.2% of cases. Multivariate analysis showed that gamma-globulin >2 g/dL was the only independent predictor of the likelihood of NOSA positivity (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.3-3.4). No other clinical (age, gender, ALT, HCV genotype) or histological features (grading and staging score, bile ductular damage) were linked to NOSA. Antiviral therapy in 155 subjects with NOSA did not cause any adverse events related to autoimmunity during and after treatment. The presence of NOSA in patients with chronic HCV hepatitis is not related to specific demographic features and has no impact on the biochemical and histological profile of the liver disease at presentation and the response to antiviral treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

PREVENT 1, a nationwide Swedish infant cohort for longitudinal gut microbiome profiling and early-life health outcomes: cohort profile.

PURPOSE: PREVENT 1 is a nationwide, prospective Swedish infant cohort established to characterise gut microbiome development during the first 2 years of life and to relate microbial trajectories to feeding, infections, growth and everyday well-being. The study integrates repeated infant stool sampling with shotgun metagenomics analysis with aligned parental questionnaires, stool photographs and infant cry recordings collected at three approximately 3-month intervals for each infant. PARTICIPANTS: Families were recruited nationwide in Sweden from September 2023 through targeted digital channels. Eligible participants were term-born infants residing in Sweden and aged <1 year at enrolment. Baseline questionnaire data and stool samples were collected from 253 infants. Parents completed questionnaires covering socio-demographic characteristics and health, pregnancy and delivery, postnatal factors, infant environment, feeding and growth, infections and other health outcomes, gastrointestinal symptoms and everyday well-being. FINDINGS TO DATE: Retention was high, with 248 families completing at least one follow-up questionnaire at Phase 2 and 243 at Phase 3. For stool samples, 250 infants provided at least two samples and 241 provided all three. At enrolment, 42.3% of infants were older than 7 months, 73.9% had weight-for-length z-scores in the normal range and exclusive breastfeeding at 4&#x2009;months was reported for 58.9%. FUTURE PLANS: Three-phase sample and questionnaire data collection was completed in December 2024. Future analyses will examine microbiome features, resistome profiles and functional pathways in relation to antibiotic exposure, feeding, growth and infant health outcomes. Subject to ethical approval and participant consent, follow-up may include further stool collection and Swedish register linkage. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT06285630.

Female↗
PubMed2006

A comparison of the behavioral profiles of purebred dogs in Japan to profiles of those in the United States and the United Kingdom.

To clarify the behavioral profiles of 56 pure breeds of dogs in Japan, 96 small-animal veterinarians participated in a questionnaire survey using the same criteria as in preceding studies conducted in the United States and the United Kingdom. We found significant differences among breeds in all behavioral traits examined. In addition, gender differences were revealed in terms of aggression to dogs, territorial defense, excitability, general activity, dominance over owner, destructiveness, watchdog barking, and snapping at children, which were all rated higher in males than females, whereas obedience training and housebreaking ease were rated higher in females. No gender differences were evident in playfulness, excessive barking, or affection demand. Using factor analyses, "aggressiveness", "reactivity", and "trainability" were determined to be consistent with results found in the US and UK surveys. On the basis of these factor scores, seven groups of breeds were determined by cluster analysis to compare to the US survey; 22 of the 38 breeds common with the US survey were categorized into the same groups as those in that survey. The results demonstrated differences in canine behavioral predisposition among breeds and between genders. The similarity in the results between our study and previous surveys, which involved distinct geographical locales, suggests that the genetic basis of breed-specific temperamental traits is manifested irrespective of the cultural or regional identities of the owners.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Psychological profile in patients with Stages I and II breast cancer: associations of psychological profile with tumor biological prognosticators.

We have earlier shown that breast cancer patients with moderately or well differentiated tumors seem to be able to inhibit stress evoked from anger in a successful manner, while those with poorer prognosis do not. We now report a study with an enlarged group of patients, investigating associations between tumor biological factors and psychological profile. 129 patients with Stages I and II breast cancer undergoing adjuvant radiation therapy were interviewed and tested with three projective personality tests assessing attitude to aggression and coping with stress and anxiety. Creative functioning was also tested. Patients with Stage I (smaller) tumors reported a "fighting spirit" attitude toward the disease, but they also showed depressive reaction patterns. Moreover, if the patient could successfully avoid or inhibit the stress evoked from perceiving an aggressive motif in the picture shown in the aggression test, the tumor biological situation was better. Patients who did not inhibit stress reactions on the aggression test and also on the anxiety test had a poorer tumor biological situation. Surprisingly, low speed of tumor cell proliferation (DNA S-phase fraction) correlated with high scores on the creativity test. Successful denial or inhibition of stress evoked by aggression combined with a creative, flexible attitude was associated with a better tumor biological situation.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Foodservice industry market profile study: nutritional and objective textural profile of foodservice ground beef.

Ground beef patties of three types (regular, lean, extra-lean) destined for the foodservice industry were collected from foodservice purveyors in 12 cities equally distributed across six geographical regions of the United States to assess nutritional and objective texture characteristics. Patties were cooked on a foodservice-style clamshell grill to a well (approximately 80 degrees C) degree of doneness (internal temperature) for nutritional analysis and objective texture measurements. Single 5.08-cm2 samples were removed from the center of each patty and sheared with a multiple-blade Allo-Kramer shearing device. Nutritional composition, including proximate analysis values and fatty acid profiles, was determined on both raw and cooked samples of the ground beef. Extra-lean ground beef contained the least (P < .05) fat (12.43%), lean had an intermediate level (17.45%), and regular ground beef contained the most fat (P < .05) (20.20%), on a raw basis. However, after cooking, fat content was similar (P > .05) for regular and lean ground beef. Fatty acid composition of lipid and cholesterol content of ground beef did not differ (P > .05) across types of ground beef or between raw and cooked samples and was similar to USDA Handbook 8-13 values. Cooking loss decreased (P < .05) as fat percentages decreased. Regular and lean ground beef was easier (P < .05) to shear (4.20 and 4.24 kg/g of sample, respectively) than extra-lean ground beef (5.08 kg/g of sample). On average, foodservice ground beef sampled in the present study is 15.5% leaner than retail ground beef as presented in the National Beef Market Basket Survey and 22.2% leaner than USDA Handbook 8-13 values.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Hierarchies in cytokine expression profiles for acute and resolving influenza virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses: correlation of cytokine profile and TCR avidity.

The development and resolution phases of influenza-specific CD8(+) T cell cytokine responses to epitopes derived from the viral nucleoprotein (D(b)NP(366)) and acid polymerase (D(b)PA(224)) were characterized in C57BL/6J mice for a range of anatomical compartments in the virus-infected lung and lymphoid tissue. Lymphocyte numbers were measured by IFN-gamma expression following stimulation with peptide, while the quality of the response was determined by the intensity of staining and the distribution of CD8(+) T cells producing TNF-alpha and IL-2. Both the levels of expression and the prevalence of TNF-alpha(+) and IL-2(+) cells reflected the likely Ag load, with clear differences being identified for populations from the alveolar space vs the lung parenchyma. Irrespective of the site or time of T cell recovery, IL-2(+) cells were consistently found to be a subset of the TNF-alpha(+) population which was, in turn, contained within the IFN-gamma(+) set. The capacity to produce IL-2 may thus be considered to reflect maximum functional differentiation. The hierarchy in cytokine expression throughout the acute phase of the primary and secondary response tended to be D(b)PA(224) > D(b)NP(366). Both elution studies with the cognate tetramers and experiments measuring CD8 beta coreceptor dependence for peptide stimulation demonstrated the same D(b)PA(224) > D(b)NP(366) profile for TCR avidity. Overall, the quality of any virus-specific CD8(+) T cell response appears variously determined by the avidity of the TCR-pMHC interaction, the duration and intensity of Ag stimulation characteristic of the particular tissue environment, and the availability of CD4(+) T help.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

[Profiles in chronic diseases. I. Investigations of steroid profiles in uremia (author's transl)].

Steroid profiles of hemofiltrates of uremic patients contain as main steroids the sulfates of 11beta-hydroxyetiocholanolone, 11-ketoetiocholanolone, 11beta-hydroxyandrosterone and 11-ketoandrosterone. In blood of uremic patients androstenediol is the main steroid of the sulfate fraction, while in blood of healthy persons dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate is the main steroid. The gradual decrease of the kidney function is characterized by an increase of 11-oxigenated androstane conjugates in urine.

Androstenediols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Spanish adaptation of the Life Skills Profile. Profile of activities of daily living. Structure and factorial composition].

The Spanish version of LSP (Life Skills Profile) including translation and its factorial structure are reported. Its has 39 items and it attempts to measure the chronic mental patient functioning in situations and tasks of everyday life. Factor analysis of this Spanish version has yield five subscales, that although they differ slightly from those proposed by the original authors, they hold strong clinical sense and also show considerable value as indicators of rehabilitative strategies.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Study of the reliability, validity and internal consistency of the LSP scale (Life Skills Profile). Profile of activities of daily living].

The LSP scale (Life Skills profile) has been recently translated and adapted into Spanish language. Its has 39 items and attempts to measure the chronic mental patient functioning in situations and tasks of everyday life. It is brief, jargon free, capable of completion by family members, community housing managers as well as professional staff. Reliability, concurrent validity and internal consistency of this Spanish version are reported. The good performance of LSP in all this measurements give support to its use in research and clinical settings.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patient classification based on cytologic sample profiles. I. Basic measures for profile construction.

Past efforts in the field of automated cell recognition have focused upon the separation and classification of cell types. From these efforts, large data banks have been built and work in the field is now shifting towards the practical application of this information for clinical diagnoses. This paper presents the initial results of work on a system developed to undertake the reduction of the masses of data into diagnostically useful patient cytologic sample profiles.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1999

Profiling care and benchmarking best practice in care of hospitalized elderly: the Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile.

This article reports on a new instrument, the Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile (GIAP), developed to assess (1) hospital workers' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding care of geriatric patients, and (2) the perceived adequacy of an institutional environment to serve geriatric patients' needs. Findings are reported from 303 questionnaires completed by health care employees from a 658-bed academic medical center. Internal consistency estimates were consistently high for the various components of the GIAP. Factor analysis was performed to examine underlying dimensions of knowledge and institutional environment. The GIAP has the potential to narrow the gap between actual and best practice in geriatric care by identifying staff information needs and concerns, as well as institutional barriers and facilitators to providing quality geriatric hospital care.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Mining functional relationships in feature subspaces from gene expression profiles and drug activity profiles.

In an effort to determine putative functional relationships between gene expression patterns and drug activity patterns of 60 human cancer cell lines, a novel method was developed to discover local associations within cell line subsets. The association of drug-gene pairs is an explorative way of discovering gene markers that predict clinical tumor sensitivity to therapy. Nine drug-gene networks were discovered, as well as dozens of gene-gene and drug-drug networks. Three drug-gene networks with well studied members were discussed and the literature shows that hypothetical functional relationships exist. Therefore, this method enables the gathering of new information beyond global associations.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2002

Molecular profiling of hepatotoxicity induced by a aminoguanidine carboxylate in the rat: gene expression profiling.

The hepatotoxicity of the aminoguanidine carboxylate 2-[1-[hydrazino(imino)methyl]hydrazino]acetic acid was characterized using oligonucleotide micro arrays, with the goal to select compounds from the same class with lower toxicity potential. The approach included a 14-day repeated- and a single-dose study in the rat as well as in vitro studies. Common gene expression changes could be followed from in vivo to in vitro studies. Anyhow, comparing the in vivo and in vitro response of the compound on gene expression, significant discrepancies were detected. Many of the genes whose mRNA levels were increased/decreased in the livers of the animals treated with toxic doses of the compound, were expressed at higher/lower levels in control hepatocytes than in control liver. The expression of the majority of these genes was not affected by in vitro treatment. These data question the use of gene expression analysis as a marker for drug response in vitro and illustrate the need of a careful characterization of in vitro systems. The results presented show that array-based gene expression analysis can lead to a better understanding of the molecular basis of drug-induced liver injury and, potentially, be used in the selection process for compounds and in the design of safer drugs.

Acetates↗
PubMed2005

Phenotypic anchoring of global gene expression profiles induced by N-hydroxy-4-acetylaminobiphenyl and benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide reveals correlations between expression profiles and mechanism of toxicity.

The goal of this study was to compare changes in gene expression induced by exposure to different carcinogens and to anchor these changes to the induced levels of toxicity and mutagenesis. The human TK6 lymphoblastoid cell line was used as an in vitro model system, and reactive metabolites of two human carcinogens, benzo[a]pyrene and 4-aminobiphenyl, were used as model compounds. We first determined the toxicity of the model compounds N-hydroxy-4-acetylaminobiphenyl (N-OH-AABP) and benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE) in TK6 cells. BPDE was about 1000-fold more toxic and mutagenic than N-OH-AABP in TK6 cells on a molar basis. We next treated cells with three doses of each compound that resulted in low, medium, and high toxicities (5, 15, and 40%) and harvested cells at different times after exposure. Using comparable levels of toxicity as the phenotypic anchor, we compared the patterns of gene expression induced by each reactive metabolite using printed cDNA microarrays comprising approximately 18,000 human gene/EST sequences. The microarray data from the N-OH-AABP and BPDE treatment groups were compared using self-organizing map clustering algorithms, as well as a statistical regression modeling approach. While subsets of genes indicative of a generalized stress response [Hsp 40 homologue (DNAJ), Hsp70, Hsp105, and Hsp 125] were detected after exposure to both compounds at all concentrations, there were also many differentially regulated genes, including phase I xenobiotic metabolism [e.g., glutathione transferase omega (GSTTLp28) and antioxidant enzymes (Apxl)]. Other differentially regulated genes included those encoding proteins involved in all major DNA repair pathways, including excision repair (e.g., ERCC5), mismatch repair (e.g., MLH3), damage specific DNA binding protein (e.g., DDB2), and cisplatin resistance-associated overexpressed protein (LUC7A, CRA). Differences in the transcriptional response of TK6 cells to N-OH-AABP or BPDE exposure may explain the dramatic differences in the toxicity and mutagenicity of these human carcinogens.

7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide↗