[Studies on rhythmic movements as a form of exercise therapy in primary hypertension].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “rhythmic movement”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
The role of basal ganglia in rhythmic movement.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Basal Ganglia↗
[Spatial organization of the EEG beta-rhythm during rhythmic movements in children].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Aging↗
Modulation of short-latency intracortical inhibition in human primary motor cortex during synchronised versus syncopated finger movements.
Rhythmic movements are inherently more stable and easier to perform when they are synchronised with a periodic stimulus, as opposed to syncopated between the beats of a pacing stimulus. Although this behavioural phenomenon is well documented, its neurophysiological basis is poorly understood. In a first experiment, we demonstrated that all healthy subjects (N=8) performing index finger abduction in time with an auditory metronome exhibited transitions from syncopation to synchronisation when the metronome tempo was scaled from 0.8 to 2.0 Hz. Subjects' mean transition frequency was 1.7+/-0.2 Hz. In a second experiment, we used paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation to examine short-latency intracortical inhibition (sICI) directed towards the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle in healthy subjects (N=9) who made synchronised and syncopated phasic finger movements in time with metronome pacing of 1.0 Hz. Despite the equivalence between the patterns in terms of task performance and corticospinal excitability of FDI at this movement frequency, there was significantly greater sICI during syncopation than during synchronisation. From this result, we infer that the stability of movement patterns may be contingent upon excitability of inhibitory networks within primary motor cortex.
Adult↗
Rhythmic arm movement is not discrete.
Rhythmic movements, such as walking, chewing or scratching, are phylogenetically old motor behaviors found in many organisms, ranging from insects to primates. In contrast, discrete movements, such as reaching, grasping or kicking, are behaviors that have reached sophistication primarily in younger species, particularly primates. Neurophysiological and computational research on arm motor control has focused almost exclusively on discrete movements, essentially assuming similar neural circuitry for rhythmic tasks. In contrast, many behavioral studies have focused on rhythmic models, subsuming discrete movement as a special case. Here, using a human functional neuroimaging experiment, we show that in addition to areas activated in rhythmic movement, discrete movement involves several higher cortical planning areas, even when both movement conditions are confined to the same single wrist joint. These results provide neuroscientific evidence that rhythmic arm movement cannot be part of a more general discrete movement system and may require separate neurophysiological and theoretical treatment.
Adult↗
Deterministic and stochastic features of rhythmic human movement.
The dynamics of rhythmic movement has both deterministic and stochastic features. We advocate a recently established analysis method that allows for an unbiased identification of both types of system components. The deterministic components are revealed in terms of drift coefficients and vector fields, while the stochastic components are assessed in terms of diffusion coefficients and ellipse fields. The general principles of the procedure and its application are explained and illustrated using simulated data from known dynamical systems. Subsequently, we exemplify the method's merits in extracting deterministic and stochastic aspects of various instances of rhythmic movement, including tapping, wrist cycling and forearm oscillations. In particular, it is shown how the extracted numerical forms can be analysed to gain insight into the dependence of dynamical properties on experimental conditions.
Forearm↗
Callosotomy patients exhibit temporal uncoupling during continuous bimanual movements.
Rhythmic bimanual movements are highly constrained in the temporal domain, with the gestures of the two hands tightly synchronized. Previous studies have implicated a subcortical locus for temporal coupling based on the observation that these constraints persist in callosotomy patients. We now report that such coupling is restricted to movements entailing a discrete event (such as a movement onset). Three callosotomy patients exhibited a striking lack of temporal coupling during continuous movements, with the two hands oscillating at non-identical frequencies. We propose a subcortical locus of temporal coupling for movements involving discrete events. In contrast, synchronization between the hands during continuous movements depends on interhemispheric transmission across the corpus callosum.
Adult↗
Pelvic movements as rhythmic motor manifestation associated with restless legs syndrome.
Video-polysomnographic monitoring of a patient with a 4-year history of an unpleasant restless sensation originating in his lower abdomen showed stereotyped, repetitive, rhythmic pelvic body movements resembling coital behaviour at the wake-sleep transition. We discuss the association between restless legs syndrome and rhythmic movement disorder as a particular manifestation of a spectrum of rhythmic sleep-related movement disorders.
Abdominal Muscles↗
Excitability changes in human forearm corticospinal projections and spinal reflex pathways during rhythmic voluntary movement of the opposite limb.
Rhythmic movements brought about by the contraction of muscles on one side of the body give rise to phase-locked changes in the excitability of the homologous motor pathways of the opposite limb. Such crossed facilitation should favour patterns of bimanual coordination in which homologous muscles are engaged simultaneously, and disrupt those in which the muscles are activated in an alternating fashion. In order to examine these issues, we obtained responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), to stimulation of the cervicomedullary junction (cervicomedullary-evoked potentials, CMEPs), to peripheral nerve stimulation (H-reflexes and f-waves), and elicited stretch reflexes in the relaxed right flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscle during rhythmic (2 Hz) flexion and extension movements of the opposite (left) wrist. The potentials evoked by TMS in right FCR were potentiated during the phases of movement in which the left FCR was most strongly engaged. In contrast, CMEPs were unaffected by the movements of the opposite limb. These results suggest that there was systematic variation of the excitability of the motor cortex ipsilateral to the moving limb. H-reflexes and stretch reflexes recorded in right FCR were modulated in phase with the activation of left FCR. As the f-waves did not vary in corresponding fashion, it appears that the phasic modulation of the H-reflex was mediated by presynaptic inhibition of Ia afferents. The observation that both H-reflexes and f-waves were depressed markedly during movements of the opposite indicates that there may also have been postsynaptic inhibition or disfacilitation of the largest motor units. Our findings indicate that the patterned modulation of excitability in motor pathways that occurs during rhythmic movements of the opposite limb is mediated primarily by interhemispheric interactions between cortical motor areas.
Adult↗
Glutamate activates neuronal discharges and rhythmical jaw movements in the rat.
Rhythmical jaw movements (RJM) were induced by stimulation of the cerebral peduncle or the oral cavity in the anesthetized rat and iontophoretic application of glutamate was examined on each reticular neuron with phase-dependent rhythmical activity during RJM (RJM-phasic neuron). Glutamate activated six neurons rhythmically with simultaneous rhythmical jaw movements in five rats. However, glutamate activated fifty of the other 52 RJM-phasic neurons tonically without RJM. Therefore, a small number of RJM-phasic neurons (10.3%) was involved in the generation of RJM. The rhythmical activities of most RJM-phasic neurons should have been synaptically induced by activities of those RJM-generator neurons. Glutamate receptor blocking agents, cyano-nitroquinoxaline-dione and D-amino-phosphono-valerate were examined and the former was more effective on 17 neurons although the latter was more effective on three and both were equally effective on 13. Inhibitory synaptic mechanism is not necessary for RJM-generation since bicuculline or strychnine did not significantly alter the rhythmical pattern of activity in any neuron.
Animals↗
The rhythmic properties of the motor system.
The resonance properties of the motor control circuits are basic features of the motor system. From our results, it can be concluded that, when the normally existing suppression mechanism weakens, external stimuli or internal impulses may elicit oscillations in the circuits according to the resonant frequency, and tremor will appear. It seems that the resonant frequency is between 5 and 8 Hz, as demonstrated by rhythmic voluntary movement, rhythmic elicited reflex movement and rhythmic modulated voluntary movement modulated by the stimulation of the central motor system.
Action Potentials↗
[Histological identification of brainstem neurons related to generation of rhythmical jaw movements in the rat].
Rhythmical jaw movements (RJM) were induced by stimulation of the oral cavity or the cerebral peduncle in the anesthetized rat. We found that the phase-dependent rhythmical (RJM-phasic) neuronal activities were necessary for the generation of RJM and iontophoretic application of glutamate activated a small number of these neurons rhythmically in phase with simultaneous RJM (Glu-RJM-phasic neurons) although it activated most RJM-phasic neurons tonically without RJM. N-(2-aminoethyl) biotinamide hydrochloride was iontophoretically applied to visualize these neurons. An identified Glu-RJM-phasic neuron had the complicated outline of soma with eight or more short and long dendrites. The RJM-phasic neurons had the simple outlines of soma (fusiform, triangular or rhomboid) with several short dendrites. Differential activation by glutamate corresponded to differential morphological characteristics of the brainstem neurons related to RJM-generation.
Animals↗
Rhythmic Leaflet Movement in Albizzia julibrissin: Effect of Electrolytes and Temperature Alteration.
The rhythmic movement of darkened Albizzia leaflets is accompanied by K(+) flux in pulvinule motor cells whose turgor changes control opening and closing. The azide-sensitive open phase is promoted by an increase in temperature from 16 to 33C (Q(10) = 3), implying active transport of K(+) ions during this period. The azide-insensitive closed phase is less temperature-sensitive and has a Q(10) less than 1, implying diffusion or some other physical process as the predominant pathway of K(+) flux at this time. Thus rhythmic leaflet movement is probably due to oscillation in active K(+) transport or membrane permeability or both. External electrolytes (0. 1 n) alter leaflet angle during the open, but not the closed, phase of the rhythm. All chlorides except NH(4) (+) promote opening, with divalent more effective than monovalent ions. Some anions promote and others inhibit opening; activity is not correlated with charge. It is likely that electrolytes alter leaflet movement by altering K(+) flux, accomplishing this by interacting with key macromolecules in motor cell membranes.Pfr phytochrome dampens the amplitude of rhythmic leaflet movement; this process is temperature sensitive (Q(10) = 2) and unaltered by 0.1 n salt solutions. Although K(+) flux is a common basis for phytochrome and rhythmic control of leaflet movement, different mechanisms are clearly involved.
Journal Article↗
Rhythmic fetal movements.
In recent years, studies have confirmed that rhythmic movement of the fetal torso occurs. These movements have been investigated with respect to a large number of factors, but no conclusive evidence of their significance has been documented. Much effort has been directed at developing better methods of measuring these movements. In this paper, examples of preliminary clinical results utilizing an advanced real-time B-scan phase-locked tracking scheme are presented. These traces represent a significant advancement in our ability to record rhythmic fetal torso movements and should enable us to enhance our knowledge of the physiology and clinical significance of this phenomenon.
Adult↗
Electrophysiological analysis of rhythmic jaw movements in the freely moving mouse.
Although rhythmic jaw movement in feeding has been studied in mammals, such as rats, rabbits and monkeys, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying it are not well understood. Transgenic and gene-targeting technologies enable direct control of the genetic makeup of the mouse, and have led to the development of a new category of reagents that have the potential to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neural networks. The present study attempts to characterize rhythmic jaw movements in the mouse and to demonstrate its relevance to rhythmic jaw movements found in higher mammals using newly developed jaw-tracking systems and electromyograms of the masticatory muscles. The masticatory sequence of the mouse during feeding was classified into two stages, incision and chewing. Small and rapid (8 Hz) open-close jaw movements were observed during incision, while large and slow (5 Hz) open-close jaw movements were observed during chewing. Integrated electromyograms of the masseteric and digastric muscles were larger during chewing than those observed during incision. Licking behavior was associated with regular (8 Hz), small open-close jaw movements with smaller masseteric activity than those observed during mastication. Grooming showed variable patterns of jaw movement and electromyograms depending on the grooming site. These results suggest that there are neuronal mechanisms producing different frequencies of rhythmic jaw movements in the mouse, and we conclude that the mouse is useful for understanding rhythmic jaw movements in higher mammals.
Animal Feed↗
Effects of sympathetic stimulation on the rhythmical jaw movements produced by electrical stimulation of the cortical masticatory areas of rabbits.
The somatomotor and sympathetic nervous systems are intimately linked. One example is the influence of peripheral sympathetic fibers on the discharge characteristics of muscle spindles. Since muscle spindles play important roles in various motor behaviors, including rhythmic movements, the working hypothesis of this research was that changes in sympathetic outflow to muscle spindles can change rhythmic movement patterns. We tested this hypothesis in the masticatory system of rabbits. Rhythmic jaw movements and EMG activity induced by long-lasting electrical cortical stimulation were powerfully modulated by electrical stimulation of the peripheral stump of the cervical sympathetic nerve (CSN). This modulation manifested itself as a consistent and marked reduction in the excursion of the mandibular movements (often preceded by a transient modest enhancement), which could be attributed mainly to corresponding changes in masseter muscle activity. These changes outlasted the duration of CSN stimulation. In some of the cortically evoked rhythmic jaw movements (CRJMs) changes in masticatory frequency were also observed. When the jaw-closing muscles were subjected to repetitive ramp-and-hold force pulses, the CRMJs changed characteristics. Masseter EMG activity was strongly enhanced and digastric EMG slightly decreased. This change was considerably depressed during CSN stimulation. These effects of CSN stimulation are similar in sign and time course to the depression exerted by sympathetic activity on the jaw-closing muscle spindle discharge. It is suggested that the change in proprioceptive information induced by an increase in sympathetic outflow (a) has important implications even under normal conditions for the control of motor function in states of high sympathetic activity, and (b) is one of the mechanisms responsible for motor impairment under certain pathological conditions such as chronic musculoskeletal head-neck disorders, associated with stress conditions.
Action Potentials↗
Behavior of jaw muscle spindle afferents during cortically induced rhythmic jaw movements in the anesthetized rabbit.
The regulation by muscle spindles of jaw-closing muscle activity during mastication was evaluated in anesthetized rabbits. Simultaneous records were made of the discharges of muscle spindle units in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, masseter and digastric muscle activity (electromyogram [EMG]), and jaw-movement parameters during cortically induced rhythmic jaw movements. One of three test strips of polyurethane foam, each of a different hardness, was inserted between the opposing molars during the jaw movements. The induced rhythmic jaw movements were crescent shaped and were divided into three phases: jaw-opening, jaw-closing, and power. The firing rate of muscle spindle units during each phase increased after strip application, with a tendency for the spindle discharge to be continuous throughout the entire chewing cycle. However, although the firing rate did not change during the jaw-opening and jaw-closing phases when the strip hardness was altered, the firing rate during the power phase increased in a hardness-dependent manner. In addition, the integrated EMG activity, the duration of the masseteric bursts, and the minimum gape increased with strip hardness. Spindle discharge during the power phase correlated with jaw-closing muscle activity, implying that the change in jaw-closing muscle activity associated with strip hardness was caused by increased spindle discharge produced through insertion of a test strip. The increased firing rate during the other two phases may be involved in a long-latency spindle feedback. This could contribute to matching the spatiotemporal pattern of the central pattern generator to that of the moving jaw.
Afferent Pathways↗
Rhythmic tongue movements during sleep: a peculiar parasomnia in Costello syndrome.
We describe a peculiar parasomnia observed in four Costello infants, characterized by periodic rhythmic movements of the tongue. Ten Costello patients (4 male; age range 9 months to 29 years) underwent 1 full-night laboratory-based video polysomnography. The four youngest patients (2 male and 2 female; age range 9-31 months) presented during sleep repeated stereotyped movements of the tongue, producing a sucking-like or licking-like movement, mostly during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Rhythmic tongue movements in Costello syndrome show the features of an NREM sleep parasomnia. Tongue movements during sleep probably originate from brainstem structures and could be facilitated by an impaired control of the oropharyngeal and tongue muscles.
Adolescent↗