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At least 1,441 records · Page 80Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

The right of falling ill. On pathological health behavior.

There are people who never permit themselves to fall ill. This negative illness is called by the present author: counter-hypochondriasis. Several defense mechanisms in counter-hypochondriasis are described, especially in relation to infantile roots. Pathological health is considered as a neurotic symptom formation in which disorders in object relationship are all-important.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2000

The adolescents training and learning to avoid steroids program: preventing drug use and promoting health behaviors.

BACKGROUND: Use of alcohol and other illicit drugs by adolescent male athletes is a significant problem. Participation in sports may encourage use of drugs that enhance athletic performance, especially anabolic steroids (AS). Because, to our knowledge, no other intervention has successfully altered substance abuse by athletes, we developed and assessed the efficacy of a team-centered, sex-specific education program designed to reduce adolescent athletes' intentions to use and use of AS and alcohol and other illicit drugs. METHODS: We studied 31 high school football teams that comprised 3207 athletes in 3 successive annual cohorts (1994-1996). The intervention included interactive classroom and exercise training sessions given by peer educators and facilitated by coaches and strength trainers. Program content included discussion of sports nutrition, exercise alternatives to AS and sport supplements, and the effects of substance abuse in sports, drug refusal role-playing, and the creation of health promotion messages. Questionnaires assessing AS, the use of sport supplements and alcohol and other illicit drugs, and potential risk and protective factors were administered before and after the intervention (before and after the football season) and up to 1 year after the program. RESULTS: At season's end, intentions to use (P<.05) and actual AS use (P<.04) were significantly lower among students who participated in the study. Although AS reduction did not achieve significance at 1 year (P<.08), intentions to use AS remained lower (P = .02). Illicit drug use (marijuana, amphetamines, and narcotics) was reduced at 1 year, whether alcohol was included (P = .04) or excluded (P = .02) from the index. Other long-term effects included fewer students reporting drinking and driving (P = .004), less sport supplement use (P = .009), and improved nutrition behaviors (P<.02). CONCLUSIONS: Use of alcohol and other illicit drugs and associated harmful activities can be prevented with a sex-specific, team-centered education. School athletic teams provide an optimal environment in which to provide drug prevention and health promotion education.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Incorporating Yup'ik and Cup'ik Eskimo traditions into behavioral health treatment.

The Yup'ik and Cup'ik Eskimo of Southwest Alaska have developed programs to provide healing from historical trauma. The Village Sobriety Project, a Center for Substance Abuse Treatment-funded project administered by the Yukon-Kuskokwim Health Corporation from 1999 to 2002, is an effort to incorporate the local Yup'ik and Cup'ik peoples' ways into treatment services for mental health and substance abuse. Activities such as tundra walks and time with elders are supported in treatment, and Medicaid reimbursement was successfully obtained for such activities. Documentation of treatment showed that it incorporated cultural elements of the Yup'ik and Cup'ik people.

Alaska↗
PubMed1999

Understanding health behavior and speaking out on the uninsured: two leadership opportunities.

The author reviews the growth of managed care and its transforming effect on academic medical centers. He then maintains that in this time of fundamental changes and stress, academic medical centers should not only attend to the organization and financing of the clinical enterprise and the enhancement of biomedical research capacity, but also ask how academic medicine can live up to the unique opportunities and responsibilities it has been entrusted with to improve the health of the public, particularly in two neglected areas. First, if the nation does not expand the research agenda to include social and behavioral factors involved in preventable causes of morbidity and mortality, it will fail to maximize the dividends from the generous public investment in research and fail to learn how to promote healthy personal behavior. Academic medicine can promote such behavior by increasing the science base of prevention and translating into action what is already known, including how to market that knowledge so the public will respond. Second, the number of the medically uninsured is increasing; the largest percentage are the working poor. It is becoming more difficult for teaching hospitals to continue providing a third of the nation's uncompensated care. The author shares a variety of statistics about the uninsured and their care, and maintains that academic medicine, which has been entrusted with the health of the public, can declare that the high number of the uninsured is not acceptable and is a dangerous side effect of the U.S. health care system that must be treated. Doing so will also set an example to medical students and trainees that medicine's responsibility is to all Americans.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1997

Essential skills for managed behavioral health care.

Pressure from payers for cost containment and accountability is forcing clinicians to refine existing skills and develop new areas of competence. To adequately address patients' needs in the new health care environment, clinicians must master at least six skill sets and the individual skills within each set. This paper describes six core skill sets-clinical care skills, clinical management skills, clinical knowledge, skills with special populations, administrative competence, and ethical care management-and specific skills within each set. These descriptions are intended to serve as a how-to manual for modern behavioral practice.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1991

Effects of type of value appealed to and valence of appeal on children's dental health behavior.

Examined the effects of the type of value appealed to and valence of appeal on children's intentions to engage in toothbrushing, their self-report of toothbrushing frequency, and their plaque level. 98 fifth-grade students served as the participants. Slide shows appealed to either health- or socially oriented values and also differed with respect to valence (positive vs. negative). A control group received a message that provided basic dental health information. Group comparisons revealed that children who received the negative social appeal showed a significant improvement in plaque level. Only the negative social appeal group differed significantly from the control group on the dependent measures.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Effects of social supports on attitudes and health behaviors of pregnant adolescents.

The influence of social support on maternal attitudes and behaviors was assessed in 57 third-trimester adolescent women attending an urban prenatal clinic. Sociodemographic characteristics, social support, self-esteem, and feelings about pregnancy were measured by questionnaire. The support and influence of the adolescent father was emphasized. Social support was measured as a multidimensional construct derived by a priori and empirical procedures. The outcomes measured were the amount of prenatal care, attendance at scheduled postpartum appointments, and pleasure with the pregnancy. Stepwise multiple-regression analyses were used to assess the contributions of the predictor to criterion variables. Pleasure with pregnancy was positively associated with the receipt of assistance from the adolescent's mother, favorable opinions of friends, and satisfaction with living arrangements. Attendance at postpartum visits was associated with high self-esteem. Notably absent as significant contributors were sociodemographic characteristics, receipt of emotional and tangible support from the adolescent father, and expectation of aid from social-assistance programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Group practice innovations and the cost of quality in behavioral health services.

Group practices have enhanced the accessibility and quality of care through continuous innovation and performance improvement initiatives. However, sustaining a quality infrastructure can be costly. Will purchasers and consumers demand a group-model delivery system that provides accessible, effective, accountable, efficient, and coordinated care when network-models with little overhead can provide basic services for less? Here's how groups in the Institute for Behavioral Healthcare's (IBH) Council of Behavioral Group Practices are innovating to sustain excellence and superior performance.

Community Networks↗
PubMed1984

Macro-intervention to support health behavior: some theoretical perspectives and practical reflections.

Large-scale, integrated programs--as distinct from multiple and widespread replications of small-scale programs--require for their planning, implementation and evaluation a qualitatively different set of concepts, methods, and procedures. They are not merely the sum of the parts making up numerous applications of the same health education messages and objectives in various organizations or communities. This review of theory, research and the experience of national and community-based studies in mass media and community development for health, family planning and cardiovascular risk reduction identifies some distinctions between micro- and macrointerventions, as well as between the uses of mass media in commercial marketing and those in health promotion.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Caries experience and oral health behavior in Chinese children with cleft lip and/or palate.

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to investigate whether there were different caries levels in 3- to 6-year-old Chinese children who had a cleft lip compared to those with a cleft lip/palate. The goal also was to evaluate parental attitudes toward the feeding habits and oral health care for their children. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out through a dental examination of a sample of children and a questionnaire to their parents. A sample of 104 3- to 6-year-old children (66 boys and 38 girls) with cleft lip, cleft palate or both were selected from those receiving pre-surgical treatment. Each child was examined and a short questionnaire was given to parents of the children. The form included questions about infant feeding practices, frequency consumption of specific drinks and, children's toothbrushing frequency. RESULTS: One hundred and four children were examined. Seventy-five percent had some caries experience and rampant caries was present in 26%. Children with cleft palate had a higher prevalence of rampant caries (30%) compared to those with cleft lip (12%). A multivariate analysis yielded feeding practices and mother's education as the variables significantly associated with caries and rampant caries. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that: 1. Children with a cleft lip/palate have higher levels of dental caries compared to those with a cleft lip alone; 2. The two most important factors for dental caries were: a. whether the child had been bottle-fed and; b. the educational attainment level of the mother.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bulimia. A review of nutritional and health behaviors.

Nurses working with adolescents need an understanding of the clinical syndrome of bulimia in order to identify individuals at risk for this disorder and implement preventive and therapeutic interventions. The epidemiology, early precipitants, physiology, and biochemistry of bulimia nervosa are reviewed. From this integrated framework, implications for treatment are explored with an emphasis on holistic nursing care including health education.

Adolescent↗