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PubMed1982

Health advice for aircrew on refugee flights.

In order to assess measures taken by airlines to protect the health of crews on refugee flights, a survey was made of airlines involved in transporting Indochinese refugees from Southeast Asia. Five of the 20 airlines surveyed provided sufficient data for analysis. Combined, the five airlines transported approximately 2,500 refugees on more than 100 flights, involving at least one crew change per flight. Health measures varied considerably among airlines. Immunizations alone sufficed in some cases, whereas others required flight attendants to wear gloves and provided anti-malarials, even for crew which did not enter malarious areas. Where antimalarials were recommended, they were not protective against Southeast Asian strains of P. falciparum malaria. No airline noted an increase in illness among aircrew involved in refugee flights. Disinsection procedures were improperly performed in three airlines; one airline did not disinsect at all. Aircrew were generally overly immunized and, in some cases, overly protected in a setting where the probability of disease transmission was low.

Antimalarials↗
PubMed1962

Studies on aircraft disinsection at "blocks away".

With a view to expediting as much as possible the disinsection of aircraft required under the International Sanitary Convention for Aerial Navigation, experiments were performed under operating conditions on the disinsection of passenger cabins after the closing of the aircraft doors following embarkation but before take-off (designated "blocks away" disinsection) with single-use, disposable aerosol dispensers. A formulation containing 1.6% by weight pyrethrum extract (25% pyrethrins) and 3% DDT at a dosage of 10 g per 1000 cubic feet (35 g/100 m(3)) gave satisfactory control of non-resistant mosquitos and created no passenger reaction. A formulation containing 3.40% pyrethrum extract (20% pyrethrins) and 1.17% DDT at a dosage of 14-19 g per 1000 cubic feet (48-64 g/100 m(3)) was biologically effective for both resistant and non-resistant mosquitos but was markedly irritant to some passengers. The authors suggest lines along which further research might be conducted.

Aerosols↗
PubMed2004

The changing epidemiology of yellow fever and dengue, 1900 to 2003: full circle?

Yellow fever and dengue are old diseases, having caused major epidemics in centuries past. Both were effectively controlled in the mid 1900s, yellow fever in Francophone Africa by vaccination and yellow fever and dengue in the Americas by effective control of the principal urban vector of both viruses, Aedes aegypti. In the last 25 years of the 20th century, however, there was a resurgence of yellow fever in Africa, and of dengue worldwide. The factors responsible for this resurgence are discussed, as are current options for prevention and control.

Aedes↗