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PubMed1998

Can intrauterine device removals for bleeding or pain be predicted at a one-month follow-up visit? A multivariate analysis.

From 4%-14% of intrauterine device (IUD) users have their IUD removed due to bleeding or pelvic pain in the first year of use. Past studies have analyzed whether baseline patient information can help predict such removals, but no previous analysis has examined whether information provided at the recommended 1-month follow-up visit could improve such predictions. Using data from an international multicenter randomized controlled trial, 89 women with removals for bleeding and pain after the 1-month visit were compared with 2536 continuing users. Logistic regression indicated several significant predictors of removal. Women reporting intermenstrual bleeding since last menses were nearly three times more likely to have removals for bleeding or pain (odds ratio [OR] 2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4-5.9). Similarly, those complaining of excessive menstrual flow were 3.5 times more likely to have removals within 12 months (95% CI 1.4-9.2). Women reporting these menstrual problems during scheduled revisits may benefit from counseling and treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID).

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Heavy-metal distribution in river waters and sediments around a "firefly village", Shikoku, Japan: application of multivariate analysis.

River water and sediment samples were collected at the same site in a vicinity of an abandoned mine, and the concentrations of major elements and heavy metals were determined. The chemical correlations were observed by principal component analysis (PCA), and the samples were classified by cluster analysis (CA) based on the PCA scores. The PCA results presented a macroscopic viewpoint of covariance structure, i.e., the chemical elements could be classified into three groups: 1) major elements and heavy metals in the river water, 2) Cd, Fe and Mn in the sediments, and 3) Cu and Zn in the sediments. The CA results implied a similarity of chemical compositions in most parts of the study area, except the ranges close to the abandoned copper mine. At the mixing location of mining water with natural river water, major elements and cadmium showed simple physical mixing (conservative mixing). Other heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) showed the massive precipitation at the mixing event. The PCA structure was mainly interpreted in terms of the mixing process between mining water and diluted natural river water.

Fresh Water↗

PubMed2006

Evaluation of the influences of solution path length and additives concentrations on the solar photo-Fenton degradation of 4-chlorophenol using multivariate analysis.

This study reports the photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) in aqueous solution by the photo-Fenton process using solar irradiation. The influence of solution path length, and Fe(NO(3))(3) and H(2)O(2) concentrations on the degradation of 4-CP is evaluated by response surface methodology. The degradation process was monitored by the removal of total organic carbon (TOC) and the release of chloride ion. The results showed a very important role of iron concentration either for TOC removal or dechlorination. On the other hand, a negative effect of increasing solution path length on mineralization was observed, which can be compensated by increasing the iron concentration. This permits an adjustment of the iron concentration according to the irradiation exposure area and path length (depth of a tank reactor). Under optimum conditions of 1.5 mM Fe(NO(3))(3), 20.0 mM H(2)O(2) and 4.5 cm solution path length, 17 min irradiation under solar light were sufficient to reduce a 72 mg CL(-1) solution of 4-CP by 91%.

Chlorine↗

PubMed2005

Multivariate analysis of risk factors for acute rejection in early corticosteroid cessation regimens under modern immunosuppression.

The purpose of this study was to define risk factors for acute rejection with early corticosteroid withdrawal (CSWD; within 7 days posttransplant) in renal transplantation. Data from prospective, IRB-approved early CSWD trials were analyzed. Overall acute rejection rate in 308 patients was 17.1%. Acute rejection rates and observed risks (OR) in patients with individual risk factors were: repeat transplants 38.6%; current PRA >25%; 29.4%; African Americans 23.5%; delayed graft function (DGF) 26.1%; HLA DR mismatches >0 17.9%; female gender 19.7%; Thymoglobulin induction 15.3%; type 1 diabetes 30.8%; type 2 diabetes 11.1%; deceased donor recipients 21%; and living donor recipients 14%. Logistic regression analysis provided the following risks (OR) for acute rejection: repeat transplant 2.51; current PRA > 25% 1.53; African Americans 1.47; DGF 1.58; HLA DR mismatches > 0 1.61; female gender 1.43; Thymoglobulin induction 0.61; type 1 diabetes 2.23, type 2 diabetes 0.5, deceased donor recipients 1.11, and living donor recipients 0.9. Risk factors for acute rejection under early corticosteroid withdrawal are similar to those previously defined under chronic corticosteroid therapy. These observations provide implications for future CSWD trials including: use of T cell depleting antibody induction therapy (thymoglobulin) to reduce acute rejection risk, 2) enrollment stratification for high risk groups, and 3) modified immunosuppression for high risk groups.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1999

SSRI antidepressant drug use patterns in the naturalistic setting: a multivariate analysis.

BACKGROUND: The study of the duration and pattern of antidepressant use in actual clinical practice can provide important insights into how antidepressant prescribing patterns compare with recommended depression treatment guidelines. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study, using data available from depressed outpatients in the United States, is to assess the effects of initial SSRI antidepressant selection on the subsequent pattern and duration of antidepressant use. RESEARCH DESIGN: Multiple logistic regression analysis of data from a large prescription and medical claims database (MarketScan) for the years 1993 and 1994 were used to estimate the determinants of antidepressant drug use patterns for 1,034 patients with a "new" episode of antidepressant therapy who were prescribed one of three most often prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), paroxetine, sertraline, or fluoxetine. RESULTS: Patients initiating therapy on sertraline or paroxetine were less likely than patients initiating therapy on fluoxetine to have four or more prescriptions of their initial antidepressant within the first 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that antidepressant selection is an important determinant of the initial duration and pattern of antidepressant use which is consistent with current recommended depression treatment guidelines.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Systemic lupus erythematosus in men: a multivariate analysis of gender differences in clinical manifestations.

The marked gender influence on the occurrence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) indicates that genetic and hormonal factors may be important in the etiology of this illness. However, few differences in clinical manifestations between males and females have been reported. To further investigate gender differences in SLE, the prevalence of 23 clinical manifestations of SLE were compared in a cohort of 62 men and 299 women. After adjusting for differences in age, race, and duration of followup, men were found to more commonly have seizures (odds ratio = 1.65; 95% confidence interval = 1.09, 2.49), and showed a trend to progress to renal failure more often (odds ratio = 1.40; 95% confidence interval = 0.96, 2.03) than women. Gender differences were not evident for the remaining 21 clinical features. The clinical similarity between men and women with SLE represents a circumstance in which the use of clinically defined patient subsets does not appear to facilitate the investigation of potential pathogenetic or etiologic factors.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

A multivariate analysis of determinants of wound healing in patients after amputation for peripheral vascular disease.

In a prospective study 53 patients undergoing amputations of the lower limb were evaluated for clinical criteria, laboratory results, pulse volume recordings, Doppler pressures, Photoplethysmographic Skin Perfusion Pressures (PPG/SPP) and angiography. The purpose of the study was to analyse which of these techniques predicts wound healing adequately after amputation. Forty-five patients eventually completed all tests. With the exception of PPG/SPP none of these tests were able to predict skin healing. The technique of PPG/SPP proved very reliable in helping to select the level of amputation, if measured anteriorly (P = 0.0001, r = 0.83). Angiographic scoring also correlated significantly (P = 0.0016) with a successful result. This study suggests that surgeons should not rely on their clinical acumen for the selection of the amputation level. In the absence of a reliable non-invasive test, angiography may well be useful but PPG/SPP will enable the surgeon to amputate on an optimal level and thus reduce complications and improve rehabilitation.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

Study of the repairing process of gastric ulcer using multivariate analysis of bFGF-positive cells, haemodynamics, PAS-positive mucus amount and glandular index in the gastric mucosa.

To investigate pathophysiological diversities in the repairing process of gastric ulcer, distribution density of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-positive fibroblasts and myofibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells, mucosal haemoglobin content, PAS-positive mucus amount and glandular index were compared in the peripheral region of an open ulcer (the unhealed group; n = 17), the central region of a red scar (the red scar group; n = 32) and the central region of the white scar (white scar group; n = 32). Density of bFGF-positive fibroblasts and myofibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells was highest in the unhealed group, followed by the red scar group, while the white scar group showed a low value close to control. Mucosal haemoglobin content was high in the red scar and unhealed groups. PAS-positive mucus amount in the unhealed and red scar groups showed lower values compared with that in the white scar group. Glandular index in the unhealed group was the lowest, followed by the red scar group, while the white scar group neared control values. Statistically significant correlations were observed between the density of bFGF-positive "fibroblasts and myofibroblasts' and density of bFGF-positive vascular endothelial cells, between the density of bFGF-positive vascular endothelial cells and mucosal haemoglobin content and between the PAS-positive mucus amount and glandular index. Discriminant analysis demonstrated that the unhealed group could be distinguished from the red and white scar groups, based on glandular index, density of bFGF-positive "fibroblasts and myofibroblasts', mucosal haemoglobin content and PAS-positive mucus amount, while the red scar group could be discriminated from the white scar group based on the density of bFGF-positive "fibroblasts and myofibroblasts', density of bFGF-positive vascular endothelial cells, glandular index, haemoglobin content and PAS-positive mucus amount. The white scar group was difficult to discriminate from control. Our present results show that the recovery of glandular formation and mucus production continues throughout the repairing process, whereas the acceleration of angiogenesis and granulation formation is observed only in unhealed ulcers and at the red scar stage.

Biopsy↗

PubMed2005

Multivariate analysis of risk factors for stillbirth in Leon, Mexico.

BACKGROUND: To identify sociodemographic and clinical risk factors for antenatal fetal death in a developing country setting. METHODS: A case-control study was carried out, including 753 women: 251 had a stillbirth (cases) and 502 had a healthy live birth (controls). Stillbirths were considered as antenatal fetal death after 21 weeks of gestation. Seventeen sociodemographic and clinical risk factors for stillbirth were analyzed. Statistical analysis. Student's t-test or the Mann-Whitney U-test for continuous data and the chi2-test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables were used. Logistic regression analysis was used to find significant predictors for stillbirth. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. RESULTS: Three risk factors were significant in the logistic regression model: maternal age (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00-1.08), antenatal care (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.0-0.2) and umbilical cord complication (OR 5.8, 95% CI 3.2-10.2). The whole model had a determination coefficient of 0.280, with a chi2-value of 246.2 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In our setting antenatal care should be considered as the cornerstone in the prevention of stillbirth. With adequate antenatal care both women with advanced maternal age and umbilical cord complication could be identified. This finding could be useful for developing as well as developed country settings to avoid the occurrence of stillbirth.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Multivariate analysis of factors associated with umbilical arterial pH and standard base excess after Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia.

We have investigated the factors predicting umbilical arterial pH (UA pH) and standard base excess (UA BE) in 337 consecutive elective Caesarean sections performed under spinal anaesthesia. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed with UA pH and UA BE as the dependent factors. We found that the significant factors predicting UA pH were: use of ephedrine, uterine incision-to-delivery time, maximum decrease in systolic arterial pressure and the interaction between ephedrine use and duration of hypotension (adjusted R2 = 0.39, F15,321 = 15.4, p < 0.0001). The significant factors predicting UA BE were: use of ephedrine and the interaction between ephedrine use and duration of hypotension (adjusted R2 = 0.52, F15,321 = 25.0, p < 0.0001). We conclude that, in order to minimise the risk of fetal acidosis, ephedrine should not be used before delivery, uterine incision-to-delivery time should be as short as possible, and alpha-agonists such as metaraminol or phenylephrine should be used to minimise both the magnitude and duration of hypotension.

Acidosis↗

PubMed1998

Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in relation to treatment: a multivariate analysis of 178 patients from a single European institution.

BACKGROUND: Because the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma is not fully understood, particularly regarding therapy, we have evaluated it in a series of patients with a homogeneous diagnostic and therapeutic work-up. METHODS: From 1985 to 1996, 42 variables were recorded prospectively in 178 constructive patients who had a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Treatment consisted of liver transplantation ( n = 22), partial hepatectomy (n = 11), arterial, chemoembolization ( n = 52), systemic or regional chemotherapy (n = 51), and other therapies (n = 5); 37 patients received no specific therapy. Statistical analysis was performed according to a Cox model. RESULTS: There were no differences between the survival of patients receiving chemotherapy, other therapies, or no treatment (control group n = 93). survival rates a 1,3, and 5 years were 81%, 74%, and 74% for liver transplantation, 72%, 58%, and 58% for hepatectomy, 55%, 26%, and 13% for chemoembolization, and 13%, 3%, and 0% for the control group. Cirrhosis, systemic syndrome, bilobar involvement, Child's stage C disease, and treatment were independent predictors of survival. CONCLUSIONS: This series shows that certain easily accessible parameters may help establish individual prognosis and stratify patients in clinical trials and indicates that chemoembolization, partial resection, and liver transplantation can prolong life expectancy of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗

PubMed1991

A multivariate analysis of risk factors for anterior atlantoaxial subluxation and an evaluation of the effect of glucocorticoid treatment on the upper rheumatoid cervical spine.

A cross-sectional, retrospective computerized analysis of risk factors for anterior atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS) was performed. Logistic regression performed on the clinical variables involved in 145 cases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disclosed a high joint score index and a low blood haemoglobin level as significant independent risk factors. This means that the development of anterior AAS is connected with widespread RA. Linear multiple regression analysis showed an association between the extent of anterior AAS in millimetres and the spread of erosions of the dens of axis and negative correlation with the severity of vertical atlantoaxial dislocation (VD). This suggests that whereas the presence of anterior AAS is connected with the severity of the systemic disease, its actual extent is associated with signs of local involvement, other than severe VD. The duration or cumulative dosage of glucocorticoids were not associated with the development or extent of anterior AAS, nor with the severity of vertical dislocation. This suggests that low dose glucocorticoid treatment is not involved with the development of rheumatoid changes in the upper cervical spine. It should be borne in mind, of course, that although no correlation was found, a causal relation cannot be excluded.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗

PubMed2001

[Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic granulocytic leukemia].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prognostic factors of the patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL). METHODS: Clinical and laboratory parameters of 209 CGL patients at diagnosis were analyzed in relation to survival. COX regression analysis were used to identify the statistically significant prognostic factors. RESULTS: The median survival time was 57 (3 - 179) months, and 5 year survival rate was 48%. From the COX regression model, the four main poor prognostic factors were as follows: percentage of bone marrow blasts (>or= 0.04), percentage of peripheral blood blasts and promyelocytes and presence of erythroid precursors in peripheral blood. According to the prognostic scores, three groups of CGL were identified. The low-risk group was with a median survival time of 76 months, the intermediate-risk group with 56 months, and the high-risk group with 31.5 months (P < 0.01). The 5 year survival rate was 70.42%, 46.30% and 18.18% (P < 0.01), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A prognostic scoring system suitable for Chinese CGL patients was proposed.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Complications after elective gastric resection for duodenal ulcer. Multivariate analysis of risk factors.

The records of 545 consecutive patients, who underwent elective Billroth II gastric resection for pyloric or duodenal ulcer were examined retrospectively to identify a group of high-risk patients for life threatening postoperative complications or death. Thirty-two preoperative clinical, endoscopic, surgical and haematological variables were analyzed by stepwise logistic regression. Major complications occurred in 39 patients (7%) and eight patients (1.5%) died. The patient characteristics associated with the major complications and death were liver cirrhosis (Odds ratio 6.7 95% Confidence interval 1.3-33.8), white blood cell count > 10,000/mm3 (Odds ratio 5.5 95% Confidence interval 1.7-17.3), previous abdominal surgery (Odds ratio 4.6 95% Confidence interval 1.7-12.1), and ulcer penetrating contiguous structures (Odds ratio 3.3 95% Confidence interval 1.2-8.9). There was no statistically significant interaction between the above risk factors in causing complications or death. It can be concluded that even if only one of these four risk factors is present in patients undergoing elective surgery for duodenal ulcer a riskless technique, such as proximal gastric vagotomy, should be used instead of Billroth II gastric resection.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

Risk stratification of Barrett's esophagus: updated prospective multivariate analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Prospective evaluation of Barrett's esophagus (BE) in order to determine what demographic, endoscopic, and histologic features are predictive of the prevalence and incidence of Barrett's high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and adenocarcinoma (Ca). METHODS: Newly diagnosed BE patients were entered into and followed in a standardized surveillance protocol. The following features were examined using either forward, stepwise multiple regression analysis, or Cox proportional hazards to determine their ability to predict the presence of HGD or Ca at index BE diagnosis as well as their ability to predict progression of BE during follow-up: age, race, gender, length of BE in cm, size of a hiatal hernia, severity of dysplasia at index diagnosis as well as during surveillance, gastric Helicobacter pylori infection status, and type of medical acid-reflux treatment. RESULTS: A total of 550 patients were diagnosed with BE over the study period. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed three factors significantly associated with index diagnosis of HGD or Ca: hiatal hernia (larger size), Barrett's length (longer length), and absence of H. pylori infection. Three hundred and twenty-four BE entered the surveillance protocol. Cox proportional hazards models revealed a significant and independent association for five factors predictive of the time to progression of BE: presence of dysplasia at index diagnosis (p < 0.001), severity of dysplasia during surveillance (p < 0.001), length of Barrett's epithelium (p= 0.012), size of hiatal hernia (p= 0.006), and gastric H. pylori infection status (p= 0.023). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic and histologic features of BE at initial diagnosis are predictive of index HGD and cancer as well as with risk of BE progression.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2002

High-grade dysplasia and invasive carcinoma in colorectal adenomas: a multivariate analysis of the impact of adenoma and patient characteristics.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Most colorectal carcinomas develop from preformed adenomas, but only a minority of adenomas undergo malignant transformation. The clinical significance of polyps of size < 0.5 cm is controversial. The primary goal of this study was to assess the independent risk factors of adenoma and patient characteristics associated with advanced pathological features (APF; i.e. high-grade dysplasia or invasive carcinoma) in colorectal adenomas. A secondary goal was to assess the malignant potential of adenomas with a diameter of < 0.5 cm. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent total colonoscopy at our Medical Department between 1978 and 1996 and had at least one colorectal adenoma were considered for this study. Patients with a history of colorectal cancer, prior polypectomy or colorectal surgery were excluded. A total of 7590 adenomas removed from 4216 patients were included in this analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to study the impact of different adenoma and patient characteristics on the risk of APF. RESULTS: Size proved to be the most important risk factor for APF. The percentage of adenomas with APF was 3.4%, 13.5% and 38.5% for adenomas of diameter < 0.5 cm, 0.5-1 cm and > 1 cm, respectively. Villous or tubulovillous histology, left-sided location and age >or= 60 years were also associated with APF, whereas sex and number of adenomas had no significant impact. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk of an adenoma containing APF was best described by a model incorporating the factors size, location, age, and the age by histology interaction. In the class of adenomas with diameter < 0.5 cm, no invasive carcinoma was found, but 3.4% of adenomas had high-grade dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of a colorectal adenoma containing APF can be estimated only by a complex model taking into account several adenoma and patient characteristics. Size, histological type, location and age are independent risk factors for APF in colorectal adenomas. As a considerable percentage of adenomas with diameter < 0.5 cm contain high-grade dysplasia, the clinical conclusion from our study is that all adenomas, including those with diameter < 0.5 cm, should be removed whenever possible.

Adenoma↗

PubMed2003

Synovial sarcoma of childhood and adolescence: a multicenter, multivariate analysis of outcome.

PURPOSE: To identify prognostic factors related to outcome in 219 children and adolescents with synovial sarcoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We combined the experiences of the four following research groups: Cooperative Weichteilsarkomastudie Group, Germany (n = 95); St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN (n = 49); Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (n = 33); and The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (n = 42). Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard analyses were performed. RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 13 years (range, 1 to 20 years), and the median follow-up was 6.6 years (range, 0.5 to 30.7 years). The estimated 5-year overall survival and event-free survival rates for the entire group were 80% +/- 3% (SE) and 72% +/- 3%, respectively. A previously unreported interaction between tumor size and invasiveness was observed that statistically significantly related to outcome. In multivarible analysis, patients with T1B and T2B disease (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.6, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.9 to 16.2; and HR = 5.9, 95% CI, 2.1 to 16.4, respectively) or Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) Clinical Group III and IV disease (HR = 2.7, 95% CI, 1.2 to 6.5; and HR = 14.1, 95% CI, 4.3 to 31.3, respectively) had poor overall survival. Treatment with radiotherapy was related to improved overall survival (HR = 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2 to 0.7). In IRS Group III patients, objective response to chemotherapy (18 of 30, 60%) correlated with improved survival. CONCLUSION: Clinical group, tumor size, and invasiveness are important prognostic factors. Multicenter randomized clinical trials are needed to determine both the effect of chemotherapy on survival and the necessity of local radiotherapy in patients with completely resected tumors.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Increased gut permeability in juvenile chronic arthritides. A multivariate analysis of the diagnostic parameters.

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at evaluating intestinal permeability (IP) in patients with oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (o-JIA), spondyloarthropathy (SpA) associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other forms of juvenile-onset chronic arthritiis (OIA) using the lactulose/mannitol (L/M) test in comparison with other non-invasive parameters of gut involvement. METHODS: A series of 26 children affected with o-JIA and 14 with either SpA/IBD or OIA were assessed for IP. The urinary L/M ratio was measured by gas chromatography. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C reactive protein (CRP), and faecal alpha 1 antitrypsin concentrations were also evaluated. Ten o-JIA patients displayed active arthritis while in 16 the disease was under control. Among the OIA patients, 11 were affected with psoriatic arthritis and the remaining 3 with chronic reactive arthritis. 14 patients with SpA-IBD had active synovitis or spine inflammation. 14 eo-pJCA and 22 OIA and SpA-IBD patients, respectively, were receiving NSAID therapy. RESULTS: The mean L/M ratios for the Spa-IBD (0.07 +/- 0.02, mean +/- SD), OIA (0.05 +/- 0.02) and o-JIA (0.04 +/- 0.02) patients were significantly higher (p < 0.001, p = 0.022 and p = 0.01, respectively) than those found in controls (0.02 +/- 0.01). Logistic regression analysis disclosed a positive correlation between the L/M ratio and the presence of gastrointestinal manifestations (p = 0.011). The type of disease (p = 0.28), the disease activity in the JCA patient group (p = 0.24) and NSAID administration (p = 0.210) did not seem to significantly influence the L/M ratio. CONCLUSIONS: All of the subtypes of juvenile chronic arthritides that we studied displayed an increased IP. Hence, gut wall inflammation (albeit asymptomatic) may also be present in o-JIA patients. The SpA-IBD patients with gastrointestinal symptoms displayed the highest mean L/M ratio values. The L/M test seemed to correlate with histopathological features of the gut mucosa. The L/M ratio was shown to be a highly sensitive but poorly specific test for predicting gut inflammatory disease compared to other non-invasive screening tests.

Arthritis, Juvenile↗