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PubMed1995

[Immunohistochemical studies of the neuroanatomy of the human turbinates: innervation pattern of seromucous glands].

Seromucous glands are among the main components of human nasal mucosa. To control the different physiological functions of these glands, a dense nerval network is necessary. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the general innervation of the seromucous glands in nasal mucosa. Tissue samples of inferior human turbinates were fixed and embedded in paraffin wax or frozen. Serial sections were performed and incubated with antibodies either to neuron-specific enolase (NSE) or S-100 protein. The ABC method was employed to demonstrate the immunacomplexes. The sections were counterstained with haemotoxylin. Either NSE and S-100 protein-immunoreactive nerve fibres were found around the acini, ducts and in the connective tissue of the glands. Furthermore, a dense network of fine nerve fibres was detected in the submucosal region. The localisation of neurons in nasal glands confirms the direct nerval control of the diverse glandular functions. Additionally, the sensitive subepithelial network of fine nerve fibres might be involved in the regulation of glandular secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Tannic acid-stained microtubules with 12, 13, and 15 protofilaments.

Subunit structure in the walls of sectioned microtubules was first noted by Ledbetter and Porter (6), who clearly showed that certain microtubules of plant meristematic cells have 13 wall protofilaments when seen in cross section. Earlier, protofilaments of microtubular elements had been described in negatively stained material, although exact counts of their number were difficult to obtain. In microtubular elements of axonemes, some success has been achieved in visualizing protofilaments in conventionally fixed and sectioned material (8, 10); much less success has been achieved in identifying and counting protofilaments of singlet cytoplasmic microtubules. By using glutaraldehyde-tannic acid fixation, as described by Misuhira and Futaesaku (7), Tilney et al. (12) studied microtubules from a number of sources and found that all have 13 protofilaments comprising their walls. These authors note that "...the number of subunits and their arrangement as protofilaments appear universal...". Preliminary studies of ventral nerve cord of crayfish fixed in glutaraldehyde-tannic acid indicated that axonal microtubules in this material possess only 12 protofilaments (4). On the basis of this observation, tannic acid preparations of several other neuronal and non-neuronal systems were examined. Protofilaments in microtubules from these several cell types are clearly demonstrated, and counts have been made which show that some kinds of microtubules have more or fewer protofilaments than the usual 13 and that at least one kind of microtubule has an even rather than an odd number.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Bridging the divide: spinal cord repair by cellular transplantation--from research laboratory to therapeutic application.

Spinal cord injury remains a clinical problem for which new therapeutic options are required. Recent developments in spinal cord injury research have suggested that promotion of axonal regeneration by cellular transplantation may be a feasible future treatment modality and it is possible that small animal clinical patients may be the first to benefit from these new approaches. This article describes the experiments which have generated this optimism and considers the steps that will be required to make the transition from laboratory experiments to clinical application.

Animals↗
PubMed1960

Role of olfactory sense in pregnancy block by strange males.

Pregnancy is blocked in a high proportion of recently mated female mice exposed to strange males. This reaction is virtually abolished by the prior removal of the olfactory bulbs of the female. The smell of the strange male appears to be the primary stimulus in the exteroceptive block to pregnancy in mice.

Animals↗