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PubMed1981

Primary care of previously institutionalized retarded children.

Medical care of retarded children is a responsibility of pediatricians that is seldom discussed. Past practices of isolating these children in institutions and caring for them in special multidisciplinary clinics are fading. The medical experience with 48 retarded children, the problems that they present, and the system of care that was developed to meet their special needs are described. Previous medical care was often found to be lacking or inappropriate. The spectrum of morbidity resembles that of a general pediatric population although chronic conditions are much more prevalent. Utilization of primary care and consultative services is much higher than for a nonretarded population. Much time is required for their care; a great deal of time is devoted to advising caretakers and schools and to coordinating health services. A prepaid system of care using a health associate as the primary provider was developed, and has been an effective means of providing health care to these children.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Premature institutionalization among the rural elderly in Arizona.

Rural areas of the United States, compared with urban areas, exhibit a scarcity of resources and programs designed to provide health and supportive services to impaired elderly persons living in the community. Furthermore, recent research has indicated that informal, familial support for the rural elderly has become increasingly attenuated because of such factors as outmigration of younger family members. Under these circumstances, there is reason for concern that a lack of available supportive services to help impaired rural elderly persons remain in the community may in effect drive them prematurely into nursing homes. In Arizona we have found that, consistent with such a process, elderly nursing home patients in rural areas tend on the average to be significantly less impaired in most areas of functional capacity, and younger at time of entry, than elderly nursing home patients in urban areas. This pattern remains when various possible confounding effects are statistically controlled.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1984

Effects of vibratory, edible, and social reinforcement on performance of institutionalized mentally retarded individuals.

The relative effectiveness of verbal praise, vibration, and edible reward as methods of enhancing and maintaining performance on a perceptual-motor task was investigated. Sixty-six mentally retarded students were divided into high- and low-MA groups and randomly assigned to reinforcement conditions. Data analysis revealed that response rates for the low-MA students in the verbal condition reinforcement and the nonreinforcement phases were significantly lower than the response rates for the low-MA students in any phase of the edible or vibratory conditions. No significant difference in reinforcer effectiveness was observed across various phases for students in the high-MA groups.

Adolescent↗