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PubMed1981

A new complement fixation test for toxoplasmosis. Comparison with other serological methods.

A new complement fixation test for toxoplasmosis has been compared with the classical test indirect immunofluorescence test (IFAT) and indirect haemoagglutination test (IHAT). Neither false positive or negative results were obtained with LBCF-H100-TTE. Notably these values correlate well with IFA titers. Furthermore LBCF-H100-TTE shows the highest titers in acute cases and its time course is practically superimposable to IFAT. The differences obtained performing these different tests on the preferential detection of different antigen antibodies systems by these 3 tests are discussed.

Complement Fixation Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A case of toxoplasma encephalitis in infancy].

Diffuse encephalitis occurred in a 2 year old girl, with activation of a chorioretinitis, which on clinical and serological grounds was taken to be caused by toxoplasma infection. The small patient presented clinically not only typical ocular lesions (bilateral chorioretinitis) but also neurological complications with status comatosus with some archaic reflexes, diffuse and marked hyperkinesis, right hemiparesis, and frequent epileptic seizures. The encephalitis and the acute ocular inflammation were partially resolved by treatment with spiramycin and cortisone. This is, presumably, an example of reactivation of congenital cerebral toxoplasmosis. A similar course of events was reported--as far as we know--in only two children.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1994

Neurologic infections of the fetus and newborn.

This article concentrates primarily on infections of viral origin, although numerous microorganisms can infect the fetal and newborn brain (see Tables 1 and 2). Intrauterine infections occur most often for HIV, CMV and rubella, whereas HSV is preferentially transmitted intrapartum. In the last decade, changes in the epidemiology of some of the neonatal infections have occurred largely because of the AIDS epidemic. Indeed, pediatric HIV is now the second most frequent viral infection of the newborn (see Table 1) and congenital syphilis has reemerged. Surprisingly, the AIDS epidemic appears to have had minimum impact on infections with other organisms such as Toxoplasma and CMV that commonly infect the brain of adults with AIDS. The recent availability of improved viral diagnostic methods and anti-viral drugs has aided in the identification and treatment of infected newborns.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

[Contribution of gene amplification in the biological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis].

Biological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is generally based on indirect arguments (serology). In cases of immaturity or of immune depression, however, evidence of the parasite has to be obtained. This involves time-consuming or relatively insensitive culture techniques. Molecular biology, and more particularly the polymerase chain reaction gene amplification technique, makes it possible to identify an extremely small quantity of parasites in a complex biological fluid in a few hours. We summarized our experience with an original technique using toxoplasma ribosomal DNA as the target. Its use in the amniotic fluid provides a distinct improvement in antenatal diagnosis and is fast becoming the technique of reference. Difficult cases have been solved by its application in ophthalmology. Finally, in immunodepressed patients, especially in cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, assessment is currently ongoing. The results obtained so far, especially in the analysis of the cerebral spinal fluid, are encouraging.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Natural and induced blood dissemination of Toxoplasma gondii: experimental model in white mice and hamsters.

Blood inoculation in mice showed that Toxoplasma organisms circulate in blood after 1 h of oocyst infection. Parasites were detected up to 15 days later and then disappeared from the bloodstream concomitantly with cyst formation in the brain, probably due to antibody presence. Immunosuppression caused by cortisone acetate treatment induced Toxoplasma bloodstream invasion in chronically infected mice and hamsters, causing death in some. Natural dissemination is discussed in relation with congenital toxoplasmosis. Induced immunosuppressive effect is compared with that produced by natural diseases such as Hodgkin, lymphoma, AIDS and others.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[The TORCH study. A reevaluation].

The TORCH panel is used to screen for congenital infection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of TORCH by pediatricians and pediatric trainees in a university pediatric department. The patient charts corresponding to the 109 samples submitted to the Institute of Bacteriology from 1987-91 were reexamined for evidence suggestive of congenital infection. Generally, the charts contained little information that might explain the reason for ordering a full TORCH panel. None of the submitted samples yielded conclusive evidence of congenital infection. TORCH studies appeared to have been requested on very liberal indications. We conclude that the TORCH panel as used at present creates a lot of work for microbiologists, but yields little information. A more targeted approach to testing for congenital infection seems called for.

Cytomegalovirus Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ocular toxoplasmosis.

1. Women with no immunity to Toxoplasma organisms acquire toxoplasmosis during pregnancy; the infection spreads to the fetus by transplacental transmission. 2. Blurred vision, floaters, photopsia, pain, and redness are common complaints of the active retinochoroiditis. 3. The diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis can be confirmed by blood tests, the most common being the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Female↗
PubMed1993

[Treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis. Part 1: Basic principles and diagnosis].

Ocular toxoplasmosis is a frequent cause of ocular inflammation which threatens central visual acuity. New concepts of treatment are important alternatives for the well known therapy with pyrimethamine and sulphadiazine. They cause less side effects and result in better compliance. Up to know prospective randomized trials are still missing although they might prove the value of medical treatment in ocular toxoplasmosis. Nevertheless it is generally accepted that ocular toxoplasmosis should be treated when central visual function is threatened. Treatment strategy is influenced by general symptoms, especially in children and immunocompromised patients. In this paper opportunities for treatment are discussed. Relevant microbiological, immunological and epidemiological fundamentals are mentioned as well as serological tests.

Clindamycin↗
PubMed1996

"I think we have a problem in Victoria": MDs respond quickly to toxoplasmosis outbreak in BC.

More than 110 people, including 12 newborns, were infected with Toxoplasma gondii in Victoria last year. A team of doctors, researchers and public-health officials determined that the source of the world's largest recorded outbreak of the infection was the water supply. Anne Mullens looks at how the BC medical and scientific communities responded to a unique challenge.

British Columbia↗
PubMed1996

Characterisation and reactivity of a glycidic antigenic component in Toxoplasma gondii.

Toxoplasma gondii is composed of a complex antigenic mosaic and some antigenic fractions are of major diagnostic interest. We studied an antigenic fraction with molecular weight < 17 kda, identified by SDS-PAGE 15% and immunoblotting. This fraction could be easily extracted from the whole antigen with phenol/CH-Cl3 and its analysis showed a mainly carbohydrate composition. With immunoblotting this fraction showed strong reactivity with specific IgM and IgG in early-acute infection; IgM reactivity disappears or is much less marked in chronic acquired infection. Extraction with phenol/CHCl3 allows this fraction to be used as an antigen in other diagnostic methods.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in a population of pregnant women in Cuba].

Congenital toxoplasmosis is produced by intrauterine infection of the fetus with Toxoplasma gondii from a mother infected for the first time during her pregnancy and its clinical manifestations depend on the gestational age at the time of infection. This disease is considered a health problem in developed and underdeveloped countries and its early diagnosis is very important as part of the medical care to pregnant women. In this paper periodic screening of anti T. gondii antibodies was carried out in pregnant women from 8 health areas in two peripheral regions of the city Havana, Cuba during 1990 and 1991, by an indirect ELISA. In the first test performed before 12 weeks of pregnancy of was found that 70.9% of the women tested presented anti T. gondii antibodies. The remaining 1606 pregnant women (29.1%) were considered potentially susceptible, so the test was repeated during the second and third trimesters. Only 16(1%) of the negative patients showed antibody titers in the second or third test, confirming that they acquired the infection for the first time during pregnancy.

Adolescent↗