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The authors analyze the results of vision acuity estimation with the use of visual evoked potentials (VEP) and Ye. M. Orlova's table in infants with amblyopia due to strabismus or impaired refraction. The results of electrophysiologic and clinical examinations correlated in 80 percent of cases, this proving the desirability of the VEP method for assessment of the vision acuity in infants.
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Acuity for a stationary test object decreased when the eye followed a moving fixation target. This effect became larger with increased target speed, with decreased illumination, and with longer exposure of the acuity object. The acuity object's orientation also influenced the results.
A 26-year-old man, a 19-year-old man, and a 55-year-old man had bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia. They all had normal vision, but considerable defects in the inferior segments of the visual fields.
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BACKGROUND: A study was carried out to evaluate the regional variance of retinal dysfunction in chloroquine retinopathy. METHODS: In three patients with different stages of chloroquine retinopathy, ophthalmologic evaluations including recording of full-field electroretinogram (ISCEV standard) and multifocal electroretinogram were performed. RESULTS: In one patient with mild chloroquine retinopathy the visual acuity, visual fields and full-field electroretinogram were normal, but retinal dysfunction was indicated by color vision disturbances. The second patient had moderate chloroquine retinopathy with normal visual acuity, visual fields and dark-adapted full-field electroretinogram; light-adapted and flicker full-field electroretinogram responses were, however, borderline and color vision was abnormal. The third patient had severe chloroquine retinopathy with reduced visual acuity, visual field and color vision defects, and a reduced full-field electroretinogram. In the multifocal electroretinogram, recorded with 61 hexagons, amplitudes and implicit times were evaluated in rings surrounding the center. In all three patients severe dysfunction (either amplitudes or implicit times) was found in the parafoveal and perifoveal areas. In the fovea and towards the periphery the function was normal or only moderately reduced. CONCLUSION: Chloroquine retinopathy of different severity presents with characteristic alterations in the multifocal electroretinogram. Regional distribution of cone dysfunction is in agreement with previously reported histologic findings. The multifocal electroretinogram can detect retinal dysfunction in chloroquine retinopathy even when the full-field electroretinogram is normal and retinal alterations are subtle.
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