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PubMedDate not supplied

Murine schistosomiasis mansoni: estimation on some immunohistological parameters of small bowel granulomas and renal parenchyma.

One hundred and twenty five mice were divided into three groups: uninfected (I), and infected with 30 (II) and 60 (III) cercariae. Jejunal, ileal and renal sections were analyzed by direct immunofluorescence technique, aiming the detection of gamma globulins and complement C3. Intestinal sections were also stained by hematoxylin-eosin, during some periods of disease. The cellular composition of the jejunal and ileal granulomas seemed very similar, with many eosinophils and an increased number of mononuclear cells later on. The histological evaluation of these sections showed that the ileum may hold greater number of eggs, possibly being more affected than the jejunum. The results also suggest a mixed mechanism to the formation of intestinal granulomas, both cell and antibody mediated.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of the emotional state on immune functions: study on firstborn children on the occasion of the birth of a sibling].

The eventuality that a particular emotional involvement could weigh heavily on a person's psychophysical welfare, assuming a complementary role in the appearance of clinically noticeable pathologies (infections, allergies, neoplasms) has been object of several hypotheses which have been confirmed in researches on animals. Our research, by examining an unavoidable and surely natural situation like that one of the birth of a brother for a first born, a particularly severe for what affectivity is concerned, had the aim to evidence if there were some biological expressions, able to quantitatively settle the eventual immune functions' alterations indicative of a preexistent equilibrium. With this purpose have been examined several biological expressions indicative of immune functions (B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, NK cells, lymphocyte transformation, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, C3 Complement fraction) in three first-born children with 2 to 3 years of age, whose mothers had in course a second pregnancy, during a period of about 20 months (from III pregnancy month to XIV month of age of the brother). The evolution of these immune functions evidence, during the whole period of observation, a non univocal performance. In the most of the cases was evidenced a variation towards diminution of the biological expression of some functions (lymphocyte transformation, T3 lymphocytes, T4 lymphocytes, T4/T8 rate, "E" Rosettes, chemotaxis and phagocytosis), while in the case of NK cells there were also variations towards augmentation. Particularly important were the variations towards diminution, that biological expressions as lymphocyte transformation and "E" Rosettes undergo. In two children the variations, towards diminution, showed themselves already before the birth of the brother. The variation of the T3 and T4 lymphocytes, of the T4/T8 rate, of chemotaxis and of phagocytosis were more limited. The values of the other examined biological expressions (T8, B7, C3) were in the normal range during the whole period of observation. Our results let us to attribute to emotional events, as in experimented model, the capacity to affect the biological expression that measures some immune functions, by depressing them in most of the cases, so in way to adulterate the immune equilibrium, and by setting the premises to upset the capability of immune defense in the examined persons. Our observations lead us to think that effectively, an event during which an important emotional state is induced, by upsetting the immune equilibrium, could more predispose a child (in this case the first born) to the action of pathogens.

Birth Order↗
PubMed1986

Acute phase protein changes in antigen-induced mono-articular arthritis in rabbits and mice.

Acute phase protein levels have been measured during the induction and progression of antigen-induced mono-articular arthritis in rabbits and mice. In rabbits there was a short lived elevation in serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) immediately following intra-articular injection which returned to baseline levels 10-12 days after the injection. In BALB/c mice, serum amyloid P-component (SAP) and the third component of complement (C3) were elevated after intra-articular injection, returning towards baseline levels 6 weeks after the injection. The levels of CRP and SAP correlated with the inflammatory changes in the joints during the acute phase of the arthritic response (7 days after intra-articular injection). During the chronic phase the levels of these acute phase proteins bore no relationship to the degree of connective tissue destruction.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of cellular and humoral immunity against streptococcal and adult human oral mucosa antigens in relation to exacerbation or recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and humoral mediated immunity (HMI) against streptococcal and adult human oral mucosa (AHOM) antigens were investigated in patients with inactive and active recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). The CMI and HMI were examined by means of the leucocyte migration test (LMT) and a double layer immunofluorescence (IF) technique. The CMI against Streptococcus sanguis strain 2A, streptococcus pyogenes strain M5, and AHOM was significantly increased in inactive and active RAS. Significant difference between active and inactive RAS was only demonstrated when Strep. 2A was used as antigen in the leucocyte migration cultures. Longitudinal observations in relation to exacerbation of RAS revealed significant changes in the migration indices (MI) when Strep. 2A and AHOM were used as antigens. Extracts of Strep. M5 and other tissues as kidney and uterus did not show any significant changes of MI in relation to the exacerbation of RAS. The IF-investigations detected significantly raised IgG antibodies against washed whole cells of Streptococcus sanguis strain 2A and Streptococcus pyogenes strain M5 in sera from patients with RAS. The autoantibodies in RAS belonged to the immunoglobulin classes IgG and IgM. The detected antibodies were able to blind serum complement (C3). The distribution of endpoint titres (EPT) against Strep. 2A, Strep. M5, and AHOM antigens did not differ significantly in patients with active RAS in relation to those with inactive RAS. Furthermore, the EPT against Strep. 2A and AHOM were not significantly changed in relation to exacerbation of RAS. The present investigations show that CMI and HMI against streptococcal and AHOM antigens are characteristic features of RAS and indicate that the CMI against Strep. 2A and AHOM is significantly increased in relation to exacerbation of RAS.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1992

[Gene manifestations in negative man-made environment: a selective genetically determined sensitivity to asbestos].

Genetic polymorphism of the systems of haptoglobin, transferrin, alpha 1-antitrypsin and complement C3 was investigated in patients with asbestosis and in healthy individuals who contacted with asbestos for a long time. The significant differences were discovered between the groups under comparison in the distribution of the phenotypic and genic frequencies in these loci. Simultaneous studies of the levels of these proteins depending on the phenotype demonstrated differentiation of the patients and healthy subjects according to the mean values and dispersions. The data obtained provide evidence in favour of occupational selection as regards the genetic factors investigated.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1990

Extracellular matrix changes following blunt trauma to rat skeletal muscles.

Myofiber injury-repair was studied in the rat following blunt trauma to the lower leg in order to understand how the inflammatory and regenerative responses of muscles are altered when myofiber rupture is accompanied by bleeding and clotting reactions. A contusion injury to the muscles of the lower hindlimb of the rat was induced by applying an impact force of 4.7 N-m/cm2 to one leg. The gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were removed bilaterally and evaluated by histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques to document myofiber, vascular, and connective tissue alterations for several days following insult (6-120 hr). A significant increase in wet weight of the gastrocnemius muscle was noted 24 hr postinjury as fluid accumulation and bruising were evident in the muscles resulting from bleeding and inflammation. Vascular disruption was confirmed by the localization of some plasma constituents (fibrinogen, albumin, and complement C3) throughout the interstitial space and even inside some of the damaged myofibers. Inflammation was present and persisted for 5 days as evidenced by continued mast cell degranulation and increased vascular permeability. Using antibodies to identify specific proteoglycans which appear or disappear at various times during muscle regeneration, muscle repair could be followed. The repair process required approximately 10 days for restoration of morphologically intact myofibers. Thus, myofiber repair processes appear to be maintained even after disruption of the vascular system and ischemia following blunt trauma.

Albumins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lactoferrin is an estrogen responsive protein in the uterus of mice and rats.

To identify lactoferrin (LF) and determine its estrogen-responsiveness in the rat uterus, immature Sprague-Dawley rats were untreated or subcutaneously injected with 17beta-estradiol (500 microg/kg) for 3 days and uterine tissues collected. Outbred immature CD-1 mice, treated with 17beta-estradiol, provided the positive control. By using a polyclonal antibody raised against mouse LF, minimal detectable protein was immunolocalized in uterine epithelial cells of untreated immature rats and mice. After estrogen treatment, LF was localized in all uterine epithelial cells of both species, although staining was more intense in mice than rats. In mice, LF was evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm with intense staining in some cells, while in rats, it was seen mainly in the apical cytoplasm. For comparison to another well-known estrogen responsive protein in rats, complement C3 was immunolocalized within epithelial cells and it showed a different staining pattern than LF. Uterine tissue homogenates were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blots showed cross-reactivity with the mouse LF antibody. These findings indicate that LF is present in the rat uterus, and is induced by estrogens as reported in other species. Thus, LF is an important marker of estrogenic activity across species and will, therefore, have utility in screening for effects of environmental estrogenic compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Immunofluorescence studies on eosinophilic granulocytes.

Immunofluorescence techniques were used to find out whether immunoglobulins (Ig) and complement (C3) determinants are present on the membrane of eosinophilic granulocytes in atopic patients and in patients with an allergic contact dermatitis. Normal healthy individuals served as controls. The studies were performed with eosinophilic granulocytes in suspension and in thin cell layers. The demonstration of the presence of cytoplasmic Ig and C3 in eosinophilic granulocytes was carried out in skin specimens taken 20-30 min after injection of the antigen and in specimens taken from positive patch tests 48 h after application of the antigen. No immunoglobulins or C3 determinants could be demonstrated on the membrane of eosinophilic granulocytes in the patients or the healthy controls, when the suspension methods were used. However, in thin cell layers and in skin sections the eosinophilic granulocytes showed a positive fluorescence of the cytoplasm after having been exposed to various conjugates and a FITC solution. It is concluded that the commonly used immunofluorescence techniques tend to give non-specific staining results, most likely due to reactivity of the FITC marker of the conjugates with basic proteins present in the cytoplasm of the eosinophilic granulocyte.

Complement C3↗
PubMed1983

A simultaneous study of the polymorphism of five proteins in the serum and the urine of nephrotic patients.

The phenotypes of the haptoglobin (Hp), ceruloplasmin (Cp), group-specific component (Gc), transferrin (Tf), and third component of complement (C3) were determined simultaneously in the serum and urine of patients with proteinuria secondary to nephrotic syndrome of various types. In a large number of cases the patterns of Hp, Cp, and C3 phenotypes in the urine showed marked deviations from those in the corresponding serum either in the mobility or the number of their electrophoretic bands. The monomeric Hp and the Cp were found to have a very augmented urine/serum ration in some cases. Such differences were not detected in the electrophoretic appearance of the Gc and Tf phenotypes. Our results imply that in the proteinuria of the nephrotic syndrome, factors other than molecular weight interfere in the passage of proteins through the glomerular wall.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Changes of some immune functions after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA).

This study aimed to evaluate some aspects of the immune response in 10 cardiopathic patients during the execution of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) by obtaining blood samples from coronary sinus. In particular we considered some PMN functions as well as lysosomal release and oxidative metabolism evaluated as chemiluminescence and superoxide anion (O2) production. We also studied serum levels of complement C3 and C4, lymphocyte populations (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD16) and plasmatic determinations of interleukin 2 (IL2). After PTCA, we found a decrease of total count of blood lymphocytes, whereas the number of neutrophils remained unchanged. The decrease involved to a similar extent the lymphocyte subsets CD3, CD4 and CD8, whereas CD19 and CD16 were unchanged. The plasmatic levels of IL2 did not show any significant modification. Concerning PMN, their chemiluminescence was significantly increased after PTCA as compared to basal values: this response was promptly detectable in isolated PMN, both without and with stimulation with fMLP. Similarly superoxide anion production, both spontaneous and stimulated, was increased in PMN suspensions after PTCA, even if this increase did not reach statistical significance. As regards circulating levels of lysosomal enzymes, we found a significant increase of plasmatic levels of elastase, whereas the serum determinations of lysozyme and betaglucuronidase did not change. Concerning the complement system, we found a significant decrease of complement fractions C3 and C4. In conclusion, our results showed certain changes in some humoral and cellular systems; in particular the neutrophil activation through the release of proteolytic enzymes and the generation of oxygen radicals could increase the damage to vessel walls and activate other systems having a negative effect in the ischaemia-associated consequences.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed2001

Phytoestrogens and carcinogenesis-differential effects of genistein in experimental models of normal and malignant rat endometrium.

The phytoestrogen genistein was studied in normal and malignant experimental uterine models in vivo. The action of genistein on the uterus and vagina of ovariectomized DA/Han rats after 3 day oral administration (25, 50 or 100 mg/kg/BW/d) was compared to ethinyl oestradiol (0.1 mg/kg/BW/d). Effects on uterine and vaginal morphology, uterine growth and uterine gene expression were studied. A dose dependent increase of the uterine wet weight and the uterine and vaginal epithelial height, a dose dependent up-regulation of complement C3, down-regulation of clusterin mRNA expression and a stimulation of the vaginal cornification was observed after administration of genistein. Uterine gene expression and vaginal epithelium respond to genistein at doses where no significant effects on uterine wet weight were detectable. In general the vagina was more sensitive to genistein than the uterus. To analyse the action of genistein in malignant uterine tissue, the impact of a 28 d treatment with 50 mg/kg/d of genistein on the in-vivo tumour growth of RUCA I endometrial adenocarcinoma cells, following subcutaneous inoculation into syngeneic DA/Han rats, was assessed. In contrast to ethinyl oestradiol (0.1 mg/kg/BW/d), a dose of 50 mg/kg/BW/d of genistein did not affect tumour growth. Nevertheless C3 and TRPM2 mRNA expression in the tumour were both significantly stimulated by ethinyl oestradiol and genistein. In comparison to ovariectomized animals genistein up-regulated uterine wet weight and uterine dependent gene expression in tumour bearing animals. In conclusion, four independent uterine and vaginal parameters indicate genistein is a weak oestrogen receptor agonist in the uterus and vagina of female DA/Han rats, and evidence is provided for a selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM)-like action of genistein in normal and malignant uterine tissue.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Sex-linked differences in acne vulgaris.

Sub-populations of leucocytes, complement C3, CRP, alpha 2 macroglobulin and immunoglobulin levels were measured in the peripheral blood of 28 (14 male, 14 female) normal control subjects and 108 (53 male, 55 female) acne patients. Significantly increased levels of inflammatory mediators were found much earlier in female than in male acne patients. The female defence system would seem to be more competent at responding to the acne assault; may account for the milder forms of acne found in young women; and have relevance both in treatment and the design and interpretation of clinical trials.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2005

[Change in humoral immunological function and their clinical significance in patients with cerebral hemorrhage].

OBJECTIVE: To study the changes in humoral immunological function and their clinical significance in cerebral hemorrhage. METHODS: Among 115 cases of cerebral hemorrhage, there was low volume bleeding in 39 case, middle volume in 37 cases, and large volume in 39 cases. The ratios of CD19+-CD25+ and CD19+-CD25-B lymphocytes were determined by flow cytometry, and the content of IgA, IgG, IgM, and complement C3 were determined with scattered turbidimetry. The changes in humoral immunological function were compared in patients with different degrees of hemorrhage, and their variation in acute and recovery stages of disease were respectively assessed. RESULTS: The ratios of CD19+-CD25+and CD19+-CD25-B lymphocyte, and the levels of IgA, IgG, IgM, and C3 were higher than those of controls (all P<0.05). The ratios of CD19+-CD25+ and CD19+-CD25- B lymphocyte, and the contents of IgA, IgG,IgM and C3 were increased with the increase in amount of hemorrhage(all P<0.05). The ratios of CD19+-CD25+ and CD19+-CD25-B lymphocytes in recovery stage were lower than those in acute stage (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION: There are activations of humoral immunological functions in cerebral hemorrhage. The more abundant in hemorrhage and the severer in disease, the more predominant in the changes in humoral immunological functions.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Cutaneous immunoglobulin deposition in primary biliary cirrhosis.

We studied the skin of six patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) to determine if there is cutaneous deposition of complement and immunoglobulins in PBC. We also investigated serum samples from these patients for the presence of circulating antibodies against nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens. Three of five patients demonstrated immunoglobulins (IgM or IgG) or complement (C3) deposition at the dermoepidermal junction (DEJ) in clinically normal, light-protected skin. Two of six patients had 2- to 5-mm papular-pustular skin lesions as a manifestation of PBC. Serological studies in these patients disclosed low antinuclear antibody titers in three patients and anti-single-stranded DNA antibody titers in the two patients with skin lesions. These histological, immunofluorescent, and serological findings offer further evidence of the occurrence of circulating immune complexes in at least some patients with PBC.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Phagocytosis by normal polymorphonuclear leukocytes of immune complexes from serum of patients with Felty's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis with special reference to IgE immune complexes.

Sera from patients with Felty's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and controls were investigated for the presence of immune complexes (IC) using phagocytosis by normal polymorphonuclear leukocytes and direct immunofluorescence technique. IC visible as large cytoplasmic inclusions were seen in 19 of 24 cases of Felty's syndrome, 3 of 16 cases of RA, and all 3 patients with extraarticular manifestations, and none of 21 control sera. IC containing IgG, IgA and complement C3 were found in nearly all positive cases. IgM IC were found in only 8 of the Felty's syndrome cases, IgE in 5 and beta-2-microglobulin in one case, respectively. A tendency to increasing number of large inclusion positive cells in vitro was found inversely correlated to the number of circulating leukocytes in the Felty patients at the time of serum sampling. In contrast, small cytoplasmic inclusions were found both in Felty's syndrome and RA patients and in some of the controls, and IgG and C3 were the most frequent constituents in these cases. As these inclusions were found in all groups it may have little significance. IgE IC as determined by a PEG precipitation technique were positive in the same 5 cases of Felty's syndrome with IgE containing inclusions, and in one case of RA with extraarticular manifestations. The complexed IgE amounted to about 3% of the total serum concentration of IgE. Phagocytosed IC may be involved in the pathogenesis of neutropenia and contribute to the inflammatory processes in Felty's syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Tissue-type plasminogen activator modulates inflammatory responses and renal function in ischemia reperfusion injury.

Acute renal failure is often the result of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Neutrophil influx is an important damaging event in I/R. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) not only is a major fibrinolytic agent but also is involved in inflammatory processes. A distinct upregulation of tPA after I/R, with de novo tPA production by proximal renal tubules, was found. For investigating the role of tPA in I/R, renal ischemia was induced in tPA-/- and wild-type (WT) mice by clamping both renal arteries for 35 min followed by reperfusion. Mice were killed 1, 5, and 10 d after reperfusion. After 1 d, tPA-/- mice displayed significantly less neutrophil influx into the interstitial area compared with WT mice. In addition, tPA-/- mice showed quicker recovery of renal function than WT mice. The protocol was repeated after injection of tPA-antisense oligonucleotides into WT mice, leading to even more explicit results: Antisense-treated mice showed less histologic damage, better renal function, and less neutrophil influx than control mice. Surprising, complement C3 concentration, levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression, and matrix metalloproteinase activity were similar in WT and tPA-/- mice. Plasmin activity levels in WT and tPA-/- kidneys were also comparable, indicating that tPA influences neutrophil influx into ischemic renal tissue independent from plasmin generation. This study shows that targeting tPA could be of therapeutic importance in treating I/R injury by diminishing neutrophil influx and preserving renal function.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1999

[The immunological cause of auricular pseudocyst].

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the relationship between the auricular pseudocyst and the systemic and local immunological status. METHODS: The cyst fluid and blood samples of 44 cases were collected to measure contents of IgG, IgA, IgM and complement C3 by radial immunodiffusion, the content of immune complex by polyethylene glycol turbidimetry, DNA of cytomegalovirus in the fluid by polymerose chain reaction, anti-nuclear antibody(ANA) by immunofluorescent technique and reactions between samples and frozen sections of healthy white rat. RESULTS: Contents of IgG, IgA, IgM and C3 in the cyst fluid were significantly lower than those in the serum (P < 0.01). No immune complex could be detected in both serum and cyst fluid. No DNA of cytomegalovirus was found in cyst fluid, whereas ANA was discovered. Reactive immunocomplex in the auricular cartilaginous tissue was found in the frozen sections of white rats. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that auriular pseudocyst may be an autoimmune disease involving the auricle. The possible mechanism may be an accumulation of reactive exudate due to immunoreactions of autologous antibody and auricular tissue.

Adult↗