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Results for “Continuous Evolution”

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At least 1,477 records · Page 82Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

Communicating breast cancer on-line: support and empowerment on the Internet.

Using participant-observation and discourse analysis, this study explores the communication occurring on the Breast Cancer List, an on-line discussion group which continues to grow in membership and activity. Issues discussed include the evolution of the List, who participates, what topics are discussed. Three major dimensions are identified: exchange of information, social support, and personal empowerment. Social support via computer is compared with face-to-face groups. Empowerment centers on enhanced decision-making and preparation for new illness-related experiences. The influence of gender is considered in terms of communicative style and limitations of access. It is concluded that the List fulfills the functions of a community, with future concerns about information control and the potential to enhance patient-provider understanding.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Chronic myeloid leukaemia--the XXI century.

CML has served as a model for study of pathogenesis, evolution and treatment of malignancy for nearly 150 years and will continue to do so. The increasing interest worldwide in biology and medicine and the explosion of activity in molecular biology make it probable that many forms of leukaemia, lymphoma and solid tumours that are lethal today will be readily prevented or cured within the next 20 or 30 years.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗

PubMed2000

The UTHSCSA Dental School in the new millennium.

The UTHSCSA Dental School, just short of 30 years in existence, has made great strides to be a leader in dental education. Although increased use of computers has the greatest potential for revolutionizing dental education, there are other components that must constantly be evaluated and improved. A major curriculum review is in progress. The process is a grass roots effort to allow input from faculty, students, alumni and outside consultants. The school's competencies are being reevaluated to assure they are contemporary and the methods to assess them are valid and reliable. The way we evaluate applicants is an ongoing evolution. Our appropriate role in the community (local, national, and international) continues to be a challenge. Success will be measured by how well we continuously evaluate our mission and goals, identify problems and find and implement solutions.

Competency-Based Education↗

PubMed1976

[Localization and possible development cycle of mycoplasmas and bacterial L-forms in cell cultures].

Using vital stain chlorazol-black E the authors studied the localization and behaviour of 5 mycoplasma species and the stable L-form of beta-hemolytic streptococcus of group A in various continuous cell lines. Mycoplasmas and L-forms had a definite evolution cycle in the cells. At first they are arranged extracellularly and on the surface of the cells, and then intracellularly where they multiply intensively; later they are again localized on the surface of the cells and extracellularly. This cycle proved to depend on the type of infection. The character of the localization depended on the type of the causative agent and of the culture.

Acholeplasma↗

PubMed2003

Cellular targets of brain inflammation in stroke.

Ischemia elicits an inflammatory response in the injured brain that is mediated by various factors, leading to the accumulation of inflammatory cells. These cells, in turn, generate both toxic and reparative substances. The inflammatory reaction, which has a rapid onset and continues after the stroke, is thought to acutely contribute to the evolution of tissue injury. Knowledge of these signaling pathways has led to the identification of a variety of therapeutic targets for stroke treatment, particularly during the reperfusion phase. Whether these targets will be useful in the development of therapies for the treatment of stroke in humans is far from clear, but they provide fertile ground for scientific investigation.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Abstinence-only roots date back to 1996. Funding and programs on rise.

Abstinence-only education was a by-product of welfare reform laws almost a decade ago; the movement continues and has become even more controversial, critics say. The third evolution of such educational programs is SPRANS: Special Projects of Regional and National Significance, which could see a jump in funding from $55 million to $135 million.

Humans↗

PubMed1992

[Experimental study of the trophic effects of reinnervation of pedicled muscle flaps].

Any transplanted muscle flap undergoes atrophy to an extent depending mainly on its innervation. Other factors such as the tension at rest and the duration of ischemia play a secondary role. An experimental study was carried out in rats to quantitatively assess the extent of atrophy according to the mode of transplant reinnervation. The gracilis muscle was used as an experimental model of pedicled flap after verifying the axial nature of its vasculature. Results were assessed after three months from a histological point of view and in terms of postoperative weight in four different groups of 13 rats. The first three groups reproduced situation encountered in clinic: intact nerve, sutured nerve, resected nerve. A graft sensory neurotization technique was implemented in the fourth group by diverting a neighboring sensory nerve. The best trophic results were obtained when the motor nerve remained continuous. The sensory neurotization technique did not significantly influence the trophic evolution after three months.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

The knowledge on the 3rd type hematogones could contribute to more precise detection of small numbers of precursor B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Bone marrow hematogones (benign B-lymphocyte precursors) may cause diagnostic problems due to their morphologic and immunophenotypic similarities with neoplastic lymphoblasts. Hematogone populations in presented study containing 358 bone marrow specimens of 251 individuals always exhibited a continuous and complete maturation spectrum of antigen expression typical for normal evolution of B-lineage precursors; lacking aberrant or asynchronous antigen expression. In contrast lymphoblasts of 19 bone marrows of precursors B-ALL patients showed maturation arrest and exhibited several immunophenotypic aberrancies. Hematogones were identified by 4-color flow cytometry using optimal antibody combinations in many bone marrow samples. They were more commonly found in higher numbers in children, and there was found a general decline in hematogones with increasing age. Bone marrow hematogones were separately assessed as hematogones 1 population of early stage and hematogones 2 of mid-stage precursor B-cells, respectively. In some (about 30%) of hematogones a third type hematogones could be assessed in bone marrow samples. This small B-cell subpopulation was defined by CD10-positivity, coexpressing more mature markers CD19,CD20,CD22 and CD45bright. These cells obviously blended with those of mature B-lymphocytes (CD10-negative) on CD45/SSC, and could be better recognized on CD10-gating. Quantitative immunophenotyping of this study completed the percent antigen expression data in two main hematogone subtypes and lymphocytes in 16 bone marrow specimens and precursor B-ALL lymphoblasts in some samples. Increased information on benign B-lymphocyte precursors, especially that of existence of the 3rd type hematogones could provide a basis for better discrimination of B-leukemia cells even in a very small amounts.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Recent epidemiology and ecology of influenza A viruses in avian species in Europe and the Middle East.

There have been at least ten distinct outbreaks of LPAI or HPAI in poultry caused by H5 or H7 viruses in the last eight years in Europe and the Middle East. There appears to be an increased occurrence of such episodes consistent with global trends. As a result, surveillance systems have been enhanced to facilitate early detection of infection in poultry, together with active surveillance of wild bird populations. These complementary activities have resulted in the detection of a number of viruses in wild bird populations, including some with high genetic similarity to newly detected viruses in poultry, for example, H7N3 in Italy and H7N7 in the Netherlands. Furthermore, there is evidence for continued circulation of H5 and H7 viruses in wild Anseriformes, thereby presenting a real and current threat for the introduction of viruses to domestic poultry, especially those reared in outdoor production systems. Viruses of H9N2 subtype continue to circulate widely in the Middle East and are associated with significant disease problems in poultry. The epidemiology has the potential to be complicated further by introduction of novel viruses through illegal importation of captive birds, such as was detected with H5N1 in Belgium in 2004. Continual genetic exchange in the avian virus gene pool and independent evolution of all gene segments either within an individual host species or among wild bird hosts suggests that these viruses are not in evolutionary stasis in the natural reservoir.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Minimally invasive options to disc surgery.

Consumer consciousness, the evolution of non-operative specialties involved in pain management, a continuing trend toward outpatient versus inpatient procedures and cost concerns have all generated interest in minimally invasive options to spine surgery. Accompanying this movement are the aspirations of reduced convalescence, loss of functional limitations, lowered complications and diminished costs. Although new therapies offer future promise, there is currently a paucity of randomized controlled trials on these options. The following is a general review of several minimally invasive options to disc surgery.

Journal Article↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Studies on the development and therapy of scoliosis].

Inadequately treated cases of scoliosis with deterioration were studied. Biomechanics and pathology are discussed. It has been observed that permanent lateral deviation of the vertebral column continues irreversibly if not treated in time. A study of the evolution of scoliosis in relation to vertebral growth is reported. It is followed by a description of therapeutic management based on fundamental factors: --aetiology, the severity of the deformity, bone age and potential deterioration. A series of cases treated conservatively and by surgical fixation is illustrated.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

Structural organization of the alpha-amylase gene locus in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila miranda.

Chromosomal sites belonging to the alpha-amylase gene family have been identified in D. melanogaster and D. miranda and in the sibling species of miranda, pseudoobscura, and persimilis. Two sites occur in chromosome 2 of melanogaster; one contains the Amy gene locus (54A) and the other an amylase "pseudogene" (53CD). Two sites of homology exist at 73A and 78C and perhaps another at 81BC in chromosome 3 of pseudoobscura and persimilis and in the homologous regions of the X2 chromosome in miranda. The active Amy locus is apparently at 73A. The structural organization of cloned sequences from this multigene family in melanogaster and miranda is under analysis, with emphasis on the functional Amy gene region. Electrophoretic variants of amylase have served as invaluable tools in these studies. For melanogaster, their use as genetic markers enabled us to positively identify our lambda Dm65 clone of the Amy locus and to show that it contains two functional copies of the structural gene for alpha-amylase. Amylase isozymes are now being used in P element-mediated transformation experiments aimed at defining regulatory elements for the temporal and spatial control of amylase expression during development and in response to dietary glucose. In miranda, electrophoretic variants of amylase were useful in assigning the Amy locus to chromosome X2, and they continue to serve as essential markers in our study of the evolution of dosage compensation for amylase expression in males of this species. Restriction maps of the Amy locus in 7 strains of D. melanogaster indicate that despite the worldwide origins of the chromosome samples, all contain a duplication of the amylase structural gene at this locus regardless of whether they produce two alpha-amylase isozymes, a single variant, or none. We have aligned these maps with the genetic and cytological maps of chromosome 2R in melanogaster and assigned alleles for different amylase isozymes to either the proximal or distal Amy gene copy in a number of strains. Restriction site polymorphism is relatively limited at the Amy locus, but some strain-specific rearrangements exist. The locus of two strains with reduced amylase activity, Amy1 (CA 1) and Amy "null", contain anomalies--an insertion in the former and an inversion in the latter. Causal relationships are being sought between the level of amylase expression in these strains and the position of their respective anomalies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1984

[Palatal myoclonus syndrome with spontaneous recovery in a child].

In a 71/2 year-old boy clinically isolated palatal myoclonus was observed. It was continuous even during sleep. It disappeared spontaneously after 3 years of evolution. The authors distinguish this syndrome from the one observed in adults, which never regresses.

Child↗

PubMed1994

The impact of prevention.

The vision for nursing in Nova Scotia states "We value the worth, dignity and cultural diversity of people. We create mechanisms by which we can continually develop our fullest potential as individuals and as a profession." Networking with community groups to increase health awareness and promote prevention follows this vision. Does a prevention program have an impact on our community? S.C.I.P. Nova Scotia (Spinal Cord Injury Prevention) is a volunteer community based injury prevention program which is continually evolving. Based on epidemiological information this paper will discuss the evolution of our various prevention programs due to these statistics.

Humans↗

PubMed1994

Development of surrogate endpoint biomarkers for clinical trials of cancer chemopreventive agents: relationships to fundamental properties of preinvasive (intraepithelial) neoplasia.

The tissue changes offering the greatest immediate potential for development as surrogate endpoint biomarkers (SEBs) to be used in Phase II trials of cancer chemopreventive agents are those derived from the microscopic tissue changes pathologists use to make the diagnosis of preinvasive (intraepithelial) neoplasia. These changes comprise four categories: proliferative index, ploidy, nuclear morphometry (size, shape, texture, and pleomorphism), and nucleolar morphometry (number, size, shape, position, and pleomorphism). Computer-assisted image analysis (CIA) permits dozens of additional morphometric parameters to be developed. Other categories of candidate SEBs are: DNA and chromosomal structural changes associated with genomic instability, activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, structural changes in differentiated molecules, and aberrations of growth factor/receptor structure and function. Self-perpetuating DNA breakage with secondary mutator mutations in genomic stability genes is a major mechanism by which the genomic instability characteristic of neoplasia occurs, and from which stem other basic neoplastic properties, including clonal evolution, along multiple pathways of genetic variation that are stochastically determined, continuously increasing proliferation, rate and extent of phenotypic heterogeneity. SEBs resulting from genomic instability include homogeneously staining regions, double minute chromosomes, micronuclei, dicentrics, gene amplification, loss of heterozygosity, and alterations in chromosome number. Newly developed assays for detecting genomic instability include comparative genomic hybridization using fluorescence in situ hybridization on > 20 micron-thick sections monitored by confocal laser scanning microscopy, assays for microsatellite instability, and restriction landmark genomic scanning. These assays offer promise for detecting the earliest molecular changes of neoplasia in normal-appearing epithelium prior to the onset of the dysplastic phase of intraepithelial neoplasia.

Anticarcinogenic Agents↗

PubMed1994

Psychosocial factors in bone marrow transplantation: a review and recommendations for research.

The evolution of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from an experimental to a conventional form of therapy has been accompanied by an evolution in BMT-related research. While biomedically-related research continues to be most prominent, research investigating various psychosocial issues raised in the BMT setting has increased in recent years. Three major areas of BMT-related psychosocial research are identified: (1) pre-BMT decision-making, (2) post-BMT outcomes (including issues regarding coping and adaptation, compliance and quality of life, and (3) bone marrow donation. Within each area, the existing literature regarding psychosocial aspects of BMT is reviewed and recommendations for further psychosocial research are advanced.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1994

Partial development of the corpus callosum.

PURPOSE: To determine whether the MR findings of callosal dysgenesis suggest that the partially formed corpus callosum in humans is the result of arrested growth or delayed continued development. METHODS: The MR scans of 25 patients with callosal dysgenesis were reviewed to determine whether the observed corpus callosum corresponded to the form and position of a portion of a normal corpus callosum, as suggested by a theory of arrested growth. RESULTS: In 10 of the 25 cases, the partially formed corpus callosum corresponded to a portion of a normal corpus callosum. In the remaining 15 cases, the partially formed corpus callosum was located posterior to the expected location of a normal genu and inferior to the expected location of a normal body. CONCLUSIONS: Corpus callosum dysgenesis in humans may be caused by arrested growth in some cases; in other cases it is most likely caused by delayed continued development that attempts to compensate for earlier abnormalities in the evolution of midline structures.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMed1977

[Are diabetic angio- and neuropathies avoidable? (author's transl)].

By an early start of a good and consistently continued therapy, it is possible to slow for several decades the evolution of diabetic angio- and neuropathy and to keep them so mild that, even after 30 and 40 years duration of diabetes, the majority of well controlled patients preserve normal, age adjusted activity. The influence of good control of the diabetes on long-term diabetes, on micro- and macroangiopathy, on the duration of diabetes, on the fitness of the patient, on growth of diabetic children, on the outcome of pregnancy in diabetic women are reported. A rare, special benign form of diabetes is mentioned.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗