PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Protective Devices”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,477 records · Page 82Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical results of cerebral protection with a filter device during stent implantation of the carotid artery.

PURPOSE: To assess the technical feasibility and the clinical results of cerebral protection with the Angioguard emboli-capture guidewire system during carotid artery stenting (CAS) for high-grade stenoses. METHODS: In 20 patients 20 stenoses of the internal carotid artery were treated with stent implantation. In all patients diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was performed before and 24 hr after the procedure. RESULTS: The filter device was effectively employed during all steps of the procedure in 16 of 20 patients, in two only postdilation could be protected, and in two no protection was possible. After three of the 20 procedures new ipsilateral cerebral lesions were visualized by DW-MRI. No new permanent neurologic deficits occurred. CONCLUSION: Cerebral protection with the filter device is technically feasible in most cases. DW-MRI demonstrated new cerebral lesions indicating the occurrence of cerebral microemboli during the protected procedures. Further investigations are necessary to determine whether the use of the cerebral protection device will improve the results of CAS.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

The effectiveness of hearing protectors in practice.

A series of workmen being evaluated for pensions for occupational hearing loss were asked to bring their own hearing protectors from work, to fit them themselves, following which attenuation studies were made. The muffs and most earplugs produced similar attenuation levels at high frequencies, although the muffs produced less attenuation at low frequencies. In all cases the mean attenuation was significantly lower than optimum figures suggested in the literature, and the standard deviation was relatively high. Personally molded earplugs were significantly less effective than other plugs used. Reasons are discussed for the relatively poor performance of these devices and the concept of assumed protection, i.e. mean minus one standard deviation, is discussed. There is need for better instruction on how to use hearing protectors if they are to be effective.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Internal craniofacial distraction with biodegradable devices: early stabilization and protected bone regeneration.

Internal craniofacial distraction has several advantages over distraction with external devices. The scars may be less conspicuous; the devices are buried and therefore easier for patients to tolerate; and the devices are more rigidly secured to bone, preventing uncontrolled rotation of the advancing segments. There are several types of internal devices. The Modular Internal Distraction System developed by one of the authors (S.R.C.) and Stryker-Leibinger, Inc. has had widespread use for midface distraction, but requires a substantial surgical procedure for device removal. This is justified in selected children with syndromic craniosynostosis, who frequently need secondary orbitocranial reconstruction at the conclusion of distraction with any type of device. It would be preferable to develop a device that would retain the positive characteristics of the Modular Internal Distraction system, while allowing easy removability. Moreover, the entire distraction procedure would benefit from a technique that would assist in bone regeneration within the distraction gap. Such a biodegradable, stabilizing device may enable early explanation, accelerating the recovery period, while providing fixation of the distraction gap and protected bone regeneration. Accordingly, we have developed a new, biodegradable distraction device with Macropore, Inc. that may be used with the Modular Internal Distraction system to permit easy removability of the device without the need for a large operation for exposure. Second, we have developed a biodegradable stabilizer that permits earlier removal of the distraction device while providing simultaneous fixation and protected bone regeneration. Last, we have demonstrated the feasibility of midcourse correction of the distraction procedure, should this be necessary for whatever reason.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed1989

Auricular injury and the use of headgear in wrestlers.

Questionnaires designed to assess attitudes and use of headgear were completed by 537 Division I collegiate wrestlers. Only 35.2% of the wrestlers wore headgear all of the time during practice as opposed to 92.4% during competition, which was a statistically significant difference. The most common reason for not wearing headgear was discomfort (35%). There were 482 participating in nonschool team events, and 203 (42%) described headgear use as "seldom or never." However, there was a statistically significant difference of developing auricular hematoma while wearing headgear (26%) vs not wearing headgear (52%). There were 208 (39%) who reported a permanent auricular deformity resulting from an injury that occurred with (10.6%) or without (26.6%) headgear. These results suggest that headgear provides only partial protection and that nonuse is widespread, causing a surprisingly high frequency of permanent auricular deformities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Bicycle-mounted child seats. Injury risk and prevention.

Little information is available about bicycle-mounted child seats despite their general use for a decade. We analyzed two existing data sets to gain information about frequency, trend, and characteristics of bicycle-mounted child seat injuries to children 5 years old and younger. Available data suggest an increased frequency of these injuries, with the rate of passenger injuries rising from 17% to 28% of all reported bicycle-related injuries to children in this age group in California during the years 1977 to 1986. In a detailed sample of 52 injuries related to the use of bicycle-mounted child seats, 42% occurred when the bicycle crashed or tipped over and 25% occurred when the child fell out of the seat. Sixty-five percent involved the head and face, and 27% of the head injuries were serious. Substantial morbidity associated with these injuries could be amellorated if children using these seats wore appropriate bicycle helmets.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1989

Wearing of caps and masks not necessary during cardiac catheterization.

Although cardiac catheterization-related infections are rare, caps and masks are often worn to minimize this complication. However, documentation of the value of caps and masks for this purpose is lacking. We, therefore, prospectively evaluated the experience of 504 patients undergoing percutaneous left heart catheterization, seeking evidence of a relationship between whether caps and/or masks were worn by the operators and the incidence of infection. No infections were found in any patient, regardless of whether a cap or mask was used. Thus, we found no evidence that caps or masks need to be worn during percutaneous cardiac catheterization.

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed1987

Do bicycle safety helmets reduce severity of head injury in real crashes?

In the past, evaluation of helmet efficacy has been based on laboratory tests of limited relevance to real crashes. In the present study 894 South Australian bicycling enthusiasts returned mail questionnaires about their most recent bicycle crash and their helmet use at the time. 197 bicyclists reported a crash within the past five years in which they had struck their head or helmet. Helmet status at the time of the crash was reported as: no helmet used (n = 75), hairnet-style helmet (n = 69), hard-shell with soft or no liner (n = 37), or hard-shell helmet with stiff liner (n = 16). Analysis of the crude, unadjusted data showed a statistically significant association between helmet use and reduced severity of head injury. The association persisted after adjustment for age and sex of rider, and severity of crash forces. Using an unpublished method developed by Somers, it was estimated that the risk of death from head injury was considerably reduced for helmeted relative to unhelmeted bicyclists, depending on helmet type.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Head injuries to pedal cyclists and the promotion of helmet use in Victoria, Australia.

Bicycle accidents account for approximately 1,200 reported injuries and 30 deaths each year in the State of Victoria, Australia. Head injuries constitute 33% of reported injuries and cause 80% of fatalities. Helmet wearing promotion campaigns conducted by the Victorian Road Traffic Authority and involving substantial contributions from many voluntary and commercial groups in the community have resulted in significant increases in the wearing rates of approved bicycle helmets. These increases in helmet wearing rates have been accompanied by significant reductions in the rate of head injuries among bicycle accident victims. The promotion program is outlined and the changes in helmet wearing rates detailed.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of severe self-injurious behavior by the mentally retarded using the bubble helmet and differential reinforcement procedures.

We examined the effectiveness of a bubble helmet and differential reinforcement procedures in the treatment of the self-injurious behavior (SIB) of three adult residents of a state hospital for the developmentally disabled. A multiple-baseline design across settings and an ABC design were used to assess the effectiveness of these procedures. Results indicated that the introduction of the bubble helmet in conjunction with differential reinforcement procedures produced notable reductions in SIB for all three participants. These reductions were significantly greater than those produced by using the differential reinforcement procedures alone. Social validity, generalization and follow-up data further documented the efficacy and acceptability of the bubble helmet plus differential reinforcement procedures. The advantages of the bubble helmet over other forms of restraint and the theoretical implications of these findings are also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Should pedal cyclists wear helmets? A comparison of head injuries sustained by pedal cyclists and motorcyclists in road traffic accidents.

Five hundred and thirty-eight motorcyclist (MCs) and 523 pedal cyclist (PCs) victims of road traffic accidents were studied. Nineteen out of 21 of the PCs who died suffered major head injuries (AIS greater than or equal to 4) whereas 21 out of 87 MCs suffered no head injury at all. PCs who died more commonly sustained a head injury, and on average sustained more severe head injuries than dying MCs. Surviving PCs suffered head injuries more commonly than surviving MCs. MCs who died having sustained a head injury usually suffered other, often multiple, injuries of equal or greater severity whereas dying PCs commonly suffered no other injury of comparable severity to their head injury. It is suggested that if the severity of head injuries sustained by injured PCs could be reduced (e.g. by wearing helmets) survival rates would improve as most fatalities do not involve other major injuries. Helmets might also reduce the incidence and severity of head injuries in PCs who survive their accident.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1989

Performance of horse-riding helmets in frontal and side impacts.

Cases of head injury are reviewed in which riders wearing jockey skull caps have suffered impacts to the front, back or side of their helmets. The design and constructional materials of such helmets are assessed. Impact tests that simulate the accidents confirm the low energy absorption potential of some helmets for lateral impacts. Most pedal or motorcycle helmet designs afford better lateral impact protection.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Woodpeckers and head injury.

The woodpecker is an experiment in Nature, a model for the investigation of mechanisms of basic importance for head injury and its prevention. A preliminary anatomical study of the woodpecker's head suggests that it may be fruitful to explore impact protective systems which are radically different from those in common use.

Animals↗