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PubMed1984

Effect of menopause and estrogen substitutional therapy on magnesium metabolism.

Magnesium homeostasis was determined in 48 healthy premenopausal women and in 54 early postmenopausal women. After an initial examination, the 54 postmenopausal women were randomly allocated to two groups with 33 receiving placebo treatment and 21 receiving estrogen substitutional therapy for 2 years. The 24-hour mean urinary excretion rates of magnesium were increased in the 54 postmenopausal women compared with the premenopausal women, namely: 467 +/- 20 (SEM) versus 355 +/- 13 mmol/mol creatinine (p less than 0.001) or 33.9 +/- 1.2 versus 24.3 +/- 1.0 mumol/l glomerular filtration (p less than 0.001). The same pattern was observed when the excretion rates were determined on fasting 1-hour morning urinary collections. This postmenopausal hypermagnesiuria was reduced to the premenopausal level during 2 years of estrogen substitutional therapy (p less than 0.001). As no evidence of hypomagnesemia was found, postmenopausal hypermagnesiuria probably originates from increased intestinal magnesium absorption, somehow induced by estrogen deficiency.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Acute prenatal androgen treatment increases birth weights and growth rates in lambs.

One hundred seventy-four Border Leicester x Merino ewes were mated to Romney Marsh rams. The ewes were randomly allocated to either an untreated control group or to one of four treatment groups. The treated groups were defined by the time (days postcoitus) of acute prenatal androgen treatment (APAT). The selected treatment times were 30, 40, 50, and 60 d postcoitus. Acute prenatal androgen treatment involved a single 2-mL i.m. injection of 100 mg/mL testosterone propionate. The statistical analysis of all measured parameters was performed using an analysis of variance via a general linear model. Postnatal plasma testosterone concentrations were not affected by treatment (P > .05). The time of treatment affected the observed responses to APAT (P < .05). Acute prenatal androgen treatment increased birth weight, ADG, and live weight and altered wool growth, plasma insulin levels, and ano-genital distance (P < .05).

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2005

Confirmation of resistance to ivermectin by Cooperia curticei in sheep.

AIM: To investigate the occurrence of resistance to a full dose of oral ivermectin by Cooperia curticei in sheep. METHODS: Twelve lambs on a sheep and cattle property in the North Island of New Zealand were randomly allocated to one of two equal-sized groups. One group was treated orally with a single dose of ivermectin at the manufacturer's recommended dose rate of 0.2 mg/kg, while the other remained as an untreated control. Worm counts were carried out post mortem on the abomasa and small intestines of all animals in both groups 7 days after treatment. RESULTS: While treatment with ivermectin reduced the numbers of all other worm genera to almost zero, those of Ostertagia(= Telodorsagia) circumcincta and C. curticei were reduced by only 37% and 19%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide clear evidence of resistance to ivermectin by O. circumcincta and C. curticei. They also appear to represent the first record of macrocylic lactone (ML) resistance in C. curticei in sheep in New Zealand or elsewhere.

Abomasum↗

PubMed2004

Zinc oxide-eugenol and calcium hydroxide pulpectomies in baboon primary molars: histological responses.

AIM: To compare histological responses to zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) and calcium hydroxide (CH) pulpectomies in primary molar teeth with inflamed pulps. STUDY DESIGN: This was an experimental study in 17 juvenile baboons (Papio ursinus). METHODS: Pulpitis was induced with fresh human carious dentine or Streptococcus mutans placed into occlusal cavities in 78 primary molars; after 14 days a pulpectomy was performed on the same primary molars with the two root fillings randomly allocated. The root canal openings were then covered with IRM and the cavity filled with amalgam. After 90 days specimens were harvested and examined under the light microscope with the examiner blind to the treatment. RESULTS: Reaction frequencies in the ZOE-treated versus CH-treated teeth were: no recognisable pulp 89% and 82%, internal root resorption 0% and 1%, external root resorption 11% and 24%, presence of bacteria 5% and 18%, periapical abscesses 24% and 52%. STATISTICS: Fisher's exact probability test showed a statistically significant higher prevalence of periapical abscesses in the CH-treated group (P=0.03, relative risk 2.2). CONCLUSIONS: ZOE pulpectomy is preferred to CH for the treatment of infected pulps in primary molars.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Persistent efficacy of doramectin topical solution against induced infestations of Bovicola bovis and Solenopotes capillatus.

A study was conducted in two locations, Wyoming and Wisconsin, USA, to evaluate the persistent efficacy of doramectin topical solution at a dose rate of 500 microg/kg body weight against artificially induced infestations of Bovicola bovis and Solenopotes capillatus on cattle. At each location, lice-free beef calves were individually housed and randomly allocated to treatment. Both B. bovis and S. capillatus were transferred from untreated donor animals to doramectin-treated cattle at the end of 35, 63, 91 or 126 day post-treatment periods. Cattle treated with a saline pour-on served as the control. Based on the geometric means of lice counts 2 weeks following transfer, the persistent efficacy of a single treatment with doramectin topical solution against induced infestations of B. bovis was 100.0, 100.0, 99.5, and 100.0% at post-treatment days of 35, 63, 91, and 126, respectively. Persistent efficacy against induced infestations of S. capillatus, for the same intervals, were 100.0, 94.9, 86.3, and 74.9%.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1988

Fibrin glue protection of primary anastomosis in the obstructed left colon. An experimental study on the rat.

A left-sided colon obstruction was produced with a polypropylene sling in 65 rats. Colon resection and primary anastomosis were performed three days later. The animals were then randomly allocated to the FG (fibrin glue) group receiving sealing of the anastomosis with 0.4 ml of fibrin glue (Beriplast R), or to the NG (non-glue) group. The anastomoses were assessed 30 min, two days and four days later. Adhesion formation was similar in both groups. The number of macroscopic or radiological leakages did not differ either. At 30 min the mean bursting pressure was 74.6 +/- 8.6 (SD) mmHg in the FG group and 58.3 +/- 21.6 mmHg in NG (non-glue) group (p less than 0.05, Mann-Whitney test). Later on the strength of the anastomoses was equal in both groups. We conclude that the initial sealing of weak points in the anastomoses was beneficial but the inherent strength per se could not be enhanced.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Lumbar sympathectomy and distal arteriovenous fistula as adjuncts to prevent arterial rethrombosis after thrombectomy: experimental study in dogs.

The role of lumbar sympathectomy and distal arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in preventing rethrombosis of femoral arteries with intimal injury and poor run-off was studied in 21 dogs. Femoral artery thrombosis was induced by endothelial lesion in all animals (phase 1) and 24 hours later the arterial flow was restored by thrombectomy. The dogs were then randomly allocated into 3 experimental groups: control, sympathectomy, and AVF (phase 2). Critical stenosis of the popliteal artery was then created by a partially occluding ligature in all animals in order to simulate poor run-off. After 24 hours the femoral arteries were studied for the presence of rethrombosis (phase 3). At the end of phase 2 and during phase 3, femoral pressure and flow, fluorescein circulation time and paw temperature were measured, and arteriography was done. Arterial rethrombosis was significantly prevented in the AVF group (6/7) when compared to the control group (2/7) or the sympathectomy group (1/7). These data suggest an effective action of an adjuvant AVF, but not of sympathectomy in preventing rethrombosis after thrombectomy in arteries with poor run-off.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Acute tracheal trauma in sheep caused by percutaneous tracheostomy.

The aim of our study was to compare dilation forceps tracheostomy and sequential dilator tracheostomy in anaesthetized live adult sheep with respect to the characteristics of the stoma formed and the associated injury. We performed percutaneous tracheostomy on adult sheep randomly allocated to receive either dilation forceps or sequential dilators. Sheep were sacrificed immediately after insertion of the percutaneous tracheostomy and the tracheas dissected. Specimens were examined for site, shape and size of stoma, mucosal lacerations, and posterior wall trauma. Ten sheep had dilation forceps tracheostomy and ten had sequential dilator tracheostomy. All of the specimens were found to have cephalo-caudal mucosal tears, usually crossing tracheal rings. The dilation forceps technique was found to have a larger stoma (28.8 mm vs 24.0 mm, P=0.023). The incidence of posterior needle trauma and mucosal lacerations were common (35% and 50% respectively), but they were not statistically different between the two groups. The role of the mucosal tears in the development of tracheal stenosis is reviewed in the discussion.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2004

Impact of Giardia vaccination on asymptomatic Giardia infections in dogs at a research facility.

Feces were collected from 107 asymptomatic dogs at a research facility in Guelph, Ontario. The prevalence of Giardia infection was 11% (12/107). To assess the effectiveness of Giardia vaccination for treatment of Giardia carriage, 9 additional asymptomatic Giardia antigen-positive dogs were brought into the facility. The Giardia antigen-positive dogs were then randomly allocated to receive either vaccine (n = 10) or a saline placebo (n = 10). Feces were then monitored monthly for 6 mo for Giardia antigen and Giardia cysts. At weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16 following vaccination, there were more Giardia-positive dogs in the vaccinated group (10/10, 9/10, 9/10, 8/10, respectively) compared with the controls (7/10, 7/10, 8/10, 4/10, respectively). At week 20, an equal number of dogs (5/10) were Giardia positive, and at week 24, fewer dogs were positive in the vaccinated group than in the control group (2/10 versus 5/10, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups. Vaccination was, therefore, not an effective treatment for asymptomatic canine Giardia infections in this setting.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Pharmacokinetics of mitomycin C following hepatic arterial chemoembolization with gelfoam.

Twelve mongrel dogs were randomly allocated into two groups using matched paired-design. Catheters were inserted into the hepatic artery, hepatic vein and the femoral vein, respectively. In the first group, gelfoam supplemented with mitomycin C (MMC) was injected into the hepatic artery, whereas the second group received a hepatic arterial injection of MMC solution alone. Simultaneous blood sampling from the hepatic and femoral vein at regular intervals was performed. MMC concentrations in plasma was determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the pharmacokinetics of MMC were determined. MMC concentrations in hepatic and femoral veins did not differ and no significant difference in pharmacokinetics was found when comparing MMC administration into the hepatic artery with or without gelfoam supplementation. Thus, our results revealed that gelfoam could not delay the clearance of MMC from the liver.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Inhibition of tumor implantation after laparoscopy by specific oligopeptides: a novel approach to adjuvant intraperitoneal therapy to prevent tumor implantation in an animal model.

OBJECTIVES: The development of intra-abdominal tumor spread and port-site metastases in urothelial cancer are still questions regarding the safety of laparoscopic methods for the resection of malignancies. Currently, the actual incidence of intra-abdominal tumor spread and port-site metastasis remains unknown. Herein, we investigated the influence of antiadhesive oligopeptides and cytotoxic agents (administered intraperitoneally) on implantation of a tumor cell suspension after laparoscopic surgery in an experimental model. METHODS: Forty C57 bl6 mice underwent laparoscopy with CO(2) insufflation and instillation of a MB 49 syngenic urothelial tumor cell suspension into the abdominal cavity. Mice were randomly allocated to one of the following groups (n=10 mice per group), and all agents were administrated intraperitoneally: (1) control (phosphate-buffered saline); (2) unspecific oligopeptides; (3) specific oligopeptides; (4) mitomycin. The mice were sacrificed 14 d after the procedure, and the peritoneal cavity and port sites examined for the presence of tumor. RESULTS: A significant reduction in tumor implantation and port-site metastases was observed in all treatment groups (specific oligopeptides and mitomycin). The oligopeptide group showed the best performance regarding body weight. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that tumor implantation after laparoscopic surgery and port-site metastases might be prevented by the intraperitoneal administration of specific oligopeptides or cytotoxic agents. Moreover, oligopeptides, in comparison with mitomycin, caused less weight loss of the mice.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1998

Effects of reducing insemination time in human in vitro fertilization and embryo development by using sibling oocytes.

PURPOSE: Recent studies showed a beneficial effect of reducing the time of sperm-oocyte interaction on fertilization, division, and implantation rates of the oocytes obtained from randomized patients. In the present study, the effects of reduced insemination time on fertilization and embryo development were evaluated by using sibling oocytes from the same patient. METHODS: A total of 464 oocytes from 36 patients was randomly allocated to be inseminated for either 1 hr (reduced) or 18 hr (regular). RESULTS: Fertilization rates were not significantly different between reduced (135/229; 59%) and regular (150/235; 64%) groups. Cleavage rates and embryo quality were similar in both groups. A total of 135 embryos (73 from the reduced and 62 from the regular group) was transferred to 36 patients. Thirty-four embryos implanted in 18 patients (25.2% implantation and 50.0% pregnancy rates). CONCLUSIONS: Fertilization, cleavage, and embryo development from 1-hr insemination is comparable, not superior, to those from an 18-hr insemination time, which is commonly used in in vitro fertilization programs. These data suggest that reduced insemination time can be used during in vitro fertilization to avoid unnecessarily longer exposure to spermatozoa.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Four-year outcome of operative treatment of acute acromioclavicular dislocation.

Seventy of 100 consecutive randomly allocated patients who had been treated for acute total acromioclavicular dislocation with either transfixation with two smooth Kirschner wires (29 cases), two threaded Kirschner wires (20), or one ASIF cortical screw (21) were followed for an average of 4 years. The coracoclavicular ligaments were not sutured. Results were good in 67 of the 70 patients. Using stress radiographs, no redislocation was found in 56 cases. Two complete dislocations were found in patients who had been treated with screw fixation. Osteolysis of the lateral head of the clavicle was found in 13 patients, eight of whom had been treated with screw fixation (p less than 0.01). Our results speak for the use of threaded Kirschner wire fixation for the operative treatment of acute total acromioclavicular dislocation.

Acromioclavicular Joint↗

PubMed1993

Impact of a postcard versus a questionnaire as a first reminder in a postal lifestyle survey.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to consider the impact of two different types of reminder on response rates and costs in a postal survey. DESIGN: The study was a cross sectional survey. A self-completion lifestyle questionnaire was used. Those who did not respond after the initial mailing were randomly allocated to receive either a postcard or questionnaire as a first reminder. All outstanding non-responders received a questionnaire as a second reminder. SUBJECTS: A representative sample of 698 adults aged 16-70 was used, drawn from a family health services authority register. MAIN RESULTS: Postcard reminders were as effective as questionnaire reminders in increasing response whether one or two reminders are sent. The costs per response were calculated. Two questionnaires as reminders were found to be 1.7 times more expensive than a postcard plus questionnaire. Including the initial mailing, the cost per response using all questionnaires was 1.3 times the cost when a postcard was used for the first reminder. CONCLUSIONS: To increase the response to a postal survey effectively and economically, two reminders should be sent--first a postcard and then a questionnaire.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMed2005

Effect of premolar and molar occlusal angle on feed digestibility, water balance, and fecal particle size in horses.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether occlusal angle of the premolar and molar teeth (ie, molar occlusal angle) was associated with feed digestibility, water balance, or fecal particle size in adult horses. DESIGN: Observational study. ANIMALS: 40 pregnant mares ranging from 3 to 19 years old. PROCEDURE: The horses were randomly allocated to 1 of 5 feeding groups with 8 horses/group. Horses were sedated, and molar occlusal angle was measured with 2 methods. An oral examination was performed, and total number of dental abnormalities was recorded. Feed digestibility, water balance, and fecal particle size were measured 7 and 16 weeks later. RESULTS: Molar occlusal angle ranged from 6.3 degrees to 19.3 degrees and was not significantly associated with feed digestibility, water balance, or fecal particle size. The number of dental abnormalities was not associated with feed digestibility. Molar occlusal angle did not vary significantly with horse age. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicate that molar occlusal angles between 6 degrees and 19 degrees do not adversely affect feed digestibility, water balance, or fecal particle size in adult horses. Additionally, there was no association between age and molar occlusal angle.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Cicletanine and the sympathetic nervous system. A study of awake sino-aortic denervated hypertensive dogs].

The antihypertensive action of non diuretic doses of cicletanine, a new antihypertensive compound, has been studied in neurogenic hypertensive dogs. Four months after sinoaortic denervation, Fourteen dogs were randomly allocated into two parallel groups of oral treatment: cicletanine (10 mg/kg/12 h (n = 7)) or placebo (n = 7). Urinary parameters (diuresis, urinary sodium, potassium, urea and creatinine clearance), cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure (BP) and heart rate) and sympathetic tone (noradrenaline and adrenaline plasma levels) were measured before and after one month of treatment in conscious animals. Chronic treatment with cicletanine lowered BP in neurogenic hypertensive dogs (204 +/- 10/116 +/- 5 mmHg before and 159 +/- 12/86 +/- 8 mmHg after treatment) without any diuretic effect. Cicletanine failed to modify plasma noradrenaline (457 +/- 100 pg/ml versus 419 +/- 135 pg/ml) or adrenaline (213 +/- 36 pg/ml versus 166 +/- 35 pg/ml). These data confirm that cicletanine exerts antihypertensive actions which are independent of its natriuretic properties. Moreover, they suggest that the decrease in arterial blood pressure does not involve sympathetic pathways.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[13-week subchronic toxicity study of L-histidine monohydrochloride in F344 rats].

A 13-week subchronic toxicity study of L-histidine monohydrochloride was performed in male and female F344 rats at dose levels of 0, 0.31, 0.62, 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0% in the diet, to determine the maximum tolerable dose (MTD) for subsequent investigation of carcinogenicity. Rats were randomly allocated to 6 groups, each consisting of 10 males and 10 females. No animals died during the administration period. Suppression of body weight gain and decrease in food consumption were observed in males of the 5.0% group along with hematological examination as revealed by increases in hemoglobin volume and hematocrit. Serum biochemical examination demonstrated increased levels of BUN and creatinine in females of the 5.0% group, and increased level of BUN in females of the 1.25% group. Histopathologically, sperm granulomas in the epididymis were found in half of the 5.0% group males. Based on the results of the present study, it was concluded that the MTD of L-histidine monohydrochloride is 2.5% in diet, because the dietary dose level of 5.0% proved to exert significant toxicity reflected in suppression of body weight gain and formation of sperm granulomas.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Relationships between squalene and cholesterol in bile: effect of ursodeoxycholic acid administration in patients with radiolucent gallstones.

Squalene is an obligate intermediate of cholesterol synthesis and plasma squalene to cholesterol ratio correlates significantly with cholesterol synthesis rate in the liver. Sixteen nonobese patients with radiolucent gallstones were randomly allocated into two treatment groups receiving 15 mg/kg/day ursodeoxycholic acid (group A) or 15 mg/kg/day lactose (group B) administered three times daily for 30 days. In group A, biliary squalene to cholesterol ratio was significantly lowered (from 1.19 to 0.86, P less than 0.02), as was cholesterol saturation (from 1.39 to 0.95, P less than 0.001); levels of plasma very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) (from 30 to 26 mg/dL) and plasma VLDL-triglyceride (VLDL-TG) (from 81 to 68 mg/dL) decreased significantly only in the group taking ursodeoxycholic acid. No variations of squalene concentrations and squalene to cholesterol ratio were observed in the plasma of both groups. Biliary cholesterol saturation during ursodeoxycholic acid administration correlated directly with squalene to cholesterol ratio in bile; reduction of these two parameters is accompanied by decreased VLDL-C levels.

Adult↗