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PubMed1992

Emotion and identification of environmental sounds and electroencephalographic activity.

Eight environmental sounds, i.e., playing the harp, cuckoo's song, sound of the waves, cock's crow, noise of the subway, alarm of a clock, sound of a dentist's drill, scratching of the blackboard, and their temporally reverse sounds were presented for 20 sec to 16 college students in a sound-attenuated chamber. The subjects were requested to estimate the degree of pleasantness-unpleasantness and confidence in identifying each sound 10 sec after presentation. Electroencephalography was recorded at C3, C4, O1 and O2 (International 10-20 system), and the mean EEG powers of delta, theta, alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1 and beta-2 bands during the sound presentations were computed by a signal processor. The results were as follows: 1) Even when the loudness and frequency component of the sounds were equivalent, there was big difference in pleasantness-unpleasantness estimation among the environmental sounds. 2) Inaccuracy in identifying the sounds presented backwards neutralized the pleasantness-unpleasantness estimation. 3) Powers of theta and low frequency alpha bands were higher during presentation of the pleasant sounds than during presentation of the unpleasant sounds. 4) Alpha activity was more closely related with subjective confidence in sound identification than with pleasantness-unpleasantness estimation of sound. These findings suggest that pleasantness-unpleasantness estimation of environmental sounds depends not only on their loudness level or frequency component but on the accuracy in sound identification and that modification of sound identification may be useful in alleviating the environment noise problem. Alpha activity seems to be closely related to the recognition of sound, but further research is needed on EEG activity in the relationship between the emotional state and sound identification.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Auditory-visual word identification test materials: computer application with children.

The purpose of this investigation was to obtain performance data from normal-hearing children using the written word portion of existing auditory-visual word identification materials, for example, the Picture Identification Task (Wilson and Antablin, 1980). The response foils, consisting of four written words (target and alternative words) were entered into computer memory so that responses were made by pointing to a computer monitor. Subjects were 24 fourth graders with normal hearing who repeated auditory-stimulus words in noise in oral conditions, and pointed to written words representing the stimulus words in pointing conditions. Mean percent correct performance scores were higher in the pointing conditions than in the oral conditions, reflecting closed- versus open-set tasks. The results indicated that the written word portion of the Picture Identification Task can be utilized to assess the word identification performance of children who read at a fourth grade level or above.

Audiovisual Aids↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Predicting nurses' organizational and professional identification: the effect of nursing roles, professional autonomy, and supportive communication.

Recruiting and retaining qualified nursing staff is of growing importance to today's hospital and nurse leaders. Findings from a survey completed by 190 RNs at a major teaching hospital revealed that nursing roles, professional autonomy, and supportive communication were differentially related to the nurses' organizational and professional identification. Professional autonomy was by far the strongest predictor of nurse identification, followed by manager and co-worker support. Co-worker support and traditional nursing roles predicted nurse professional identification, but neither traditional nor collaborative roles predicted nurses' identification with their organization. Communication strategies intended to help executives retain qualified nursing staff are presented.

Communication↗

PubMed2003

[Laboratory-based evaluation of a fully automated microbiology system, RAISUS for species-identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests].

A fully automated microbiology system, RAISUS newly developed (Nissui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Tokyo) was evaluated for gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates. In the species-identification, the RAISUS comparably identified 200 of 202 isolates (99.0%) consisting of 10 species of gram-positive cocci and of 16 species of gram-negative bacilli. When compared to the MicroScan Walk/Away, which resulted in six misidentifications, the RAISUS showed higher accuracy in species-identification. In the evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility test, the RAISUS gave comparable minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and category interpretations. Of 693 testings for gram-positive and of 721 testings for gram-negative isolates, 655 (94.5%) and 688 (95.4%) testings gave comparable interpretations to the reference microdilution test, respectively. Most identification results were reported within 5-hour incubation by RAISUS, and susceptibility test results were 4 to 7 hour-incubations. With these results obtained through laboratory-based evaluation, it became apparent that the RAISUS has enough accuracy and rapidity to determine species-identification and antimicrobial susceptibility, and is applicable to the routine testing in clinical laboratories.

Bacteriological Techniques↗

PubMed2003

Simplified panel of assimilation tests for identification of Acinetobacter species.

A total of 66 Acinetobacter isolates obtained from JIPMER hospital wards were subjected to phenotypic identification schemes involving 25-test and a simplified 13-test panel of carbon utilization or assimilation tests. Reference strains belonging to different DNA groups (n=24) were also tested. Identification was done using numerical approach based on a matrix constructed of phenotypic data published elsewhere and the strains were assigned to different DNA groups according to classification of Tjernberg & Ursing. Sixty-six strains tested represented 10 DNA groups in matrix of large test panel; at a probability level of 0.95. Much simplified scheme of 13 assimilation test panel failed to differentiate some isolates with in A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii complex (Acb-complex) unlike extended panel. In all, from the large panel 95% of isolates were identified correctly among all the isolates and it did not identify 5% of isolates. From the small panel, a total of 89% of isolates were identified correctly and it could not identify 11% of isolates. Reduced number of assimilation tests to 13 from the large panel bought reduction in identification percentage rate by only 6%. It is impossible for many bacterial diagnostic labs worldwide to perform large panel of carbon utilization tests in routine practice. Simplified panel of assimilation tests suggested here seems to be the best alternative method for identification of Acinetobacter species.

Acinetobacter↗

PubMed2004

Dr. Walter C. McCrone's contribution to the characterization and identification of explosives.

Dr. McCrone was an amazing individual, possessing many talents and having many interests. He especially loved applying polarized light microscopy (PLM) to answering the question-at-hand and solving problems. He applied PLM to many different fields including the identification of air pollution particles, asbestos identification, art conservation, pharmaceuticals, industry problems and forensic sciences. A field that I believe he enjoyed the most was the characterization and identification of explosives. Throughout his life he worked on, gave presentations and published articles on the characterization and identification of explosives. Also, he encouraged other scientists to give presentations and publish on the subject by providing "behind the scene" advice and/or be a co-author on a paper. He unselfishly taught others how to apply PLM and incorporate this invaluable tool into their analytical scheme.

Explosions↗

PubMed2004

Do priming effects in perceptual identification and word judgment reflect different underlying mechanisms?

We examined priming of orthographically illegal nonwords in a perceptual identification task and a word judgment task in undergraduate participants. In perceptual identification, priming was significant and equivalent after structural or phonological encoding. In word judgment, priming was significant after phonological encoding but not structural encoding. In a follow-up experiment in older control participants and amnesic participants, priming in word judgment was not significant. Older control participants found the stimuli more difficult to pronounce than did undergraduate participants, and word judgment priming in undergaduate participants was significant only for the stimuli that were judged easy to pronounce. These findings demonstrate that priming in perceptual identification and word judgment extends to novel stimuli that are not linked to preexisting lexical or sublexical representations but that priming occurs at different levels in the two tasks: at a featural or orthographic level in perceptual identification and at a phonological level in word judgment.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Identification of significant pressures and impacts upon receiving waters.

This study gives a review on the process of identification of significant pressures and impacts, which is an important part of river basin planning and in particular for implementing the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) (2000/60/EC). The questions: what is a "significant pressure" in terms of the WFD? which sources and driving forces have to be regarded? which data can be used? which pressure on a water body is significant? and which implications and requirements result from the identification process?--should be considered. The European Commission requires reporting from all Member States about the status of the water bodies within a river basin district and about the risk of failing the environmental objectives by the end of 2004. Therefore, a number of prevailing projects across Europe aim to develop a guideline on a common understanding of the most effective approach towards the identification of significant anthropogenic pressures, and the analysis of potential impacts including the identification of appropriate tools and models. In such a guideline suitable and intelligent criteria have to be developed in order to enable a uniform assessment of the anthropogenic pressures within a river basin district.

Environmental Monitoring↗

PubMed2003

Botanical identification of several Echinochloa biotypes collected in Spanish rice fields with control failures of cyhalofop-butyl.

There is some disagreement about the species that constitute Echinochloa. Correct identification is agronomically and economically important because Echinochloa spp. are aggressive invaders and difficult to control. The identification of Echinochloa spp. is complicated because of the morphological diversity shown by the genus. This work was initiated because of the differential response to cyhalofop-butyl treatment shown by some populations of Echinochloa spp. Four biotypes were selected for botanical identification: two biotypes collected in the Seville area, one of them susceptible to cyhalofop-butyl (ED50 = 64 g a.i.ha(-1)) and the other one tolerant (ED50 = 560 g a.i.ha(-1)), one tolerant biotype collected in the Badajoz area (ED50 = 420 g a.i.ha(-1)) and one tolerant biotype collected in the Valencia area (ED50 = 860 g a.i.ha(-1)). Botanical identification was carried out following Carretero's Keys (1981) on plants grown at the site of origin. The main distinguishable character of the species was the length of the upper glume. The following results were obtained: the susceptible biotype collected in the Seville area and the tolerant biotype collected in the Valencia area were characterized as Echinochloa oryzoides, the tolerant biotype collected in Badajoz was characterized as E. oryzicola and the tolerant biotype collected in Seville area as E. hispidula.

Drug Tolerance↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Molecular identification of mycobacteria and detection of antibiotic resistance].

Mycobacteria are responsible for many human infections, especially species of tuberculosis complex, causative agents of tuberculosis. With nine millions new cases every year, this disease is responsible for more than two millions of deaths. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (e.g. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium xenopi or Mycobacterium ulcerans) can cause infections too, usually in particular clinical settings. Standard diagnosis of mycobacterial infections relies on direct examination and culture. Although culture in liquid media allows the detection of mycobacterial growth at an earlier stage, isolation and phenotypic identification requires several weeks, as does antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Nowadays, molecular tools are available, allowing quicker accurate diagnosis. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by amplification-based tests can be performed directly from clinical samples, although most identifications are successfully after isolation. Several commercial techniques are now available but identification is limited to selected species, at a high cost. Sequencing of genomic targets (such as rrs, rpoB, gyrB, 16S-23S intergenic spacer or hsp65) allows accurate and quick identifications but requires access to a sequencer. Eventually, our better knowledge of the action mechanisms of the different drugs allows genotypic detection of most antibiotic resistances. Indeed, characterization of mutations in specific target genes (such as rpoB, katG, embB, pncA, gyrA or rrl) should be an effective tool for rapid detection of resistance, although this method has only been used so far for rifampin resistance detection. Nevertheless, this approach, limited to reference laboratories, should always be performed in conjunction with antibiogram.

Bacteriological Techniques↗

PubMed2002

Enzyme and DTT treatment of adherent RBCs for antibody identification by a solid-phase immunoassay system.

Treatment of RBCs with protease enzymes or dithiothreitol (DTT) causes denaturation of several RBC antigens and is regularly used in antibody identification. In this study,we have standardized enzyme and DTT treatment of adherent RBCs in the magnetic-mixed passive hemagglutination assay (M-MPHA) for antibody identification. We have also tried drying these treated RBCs. The optimal enzyme and DTT treatment conditions for intact adherent RBCs were determined, in addition to the optimal condition for drying RBCs. All tested agents with the exception of chymotrypsin could be applied to RBC drying, but the optimal condition for drying was different from that for intact RBCs. Enzyme or DTT treatment of adherent RBCs and their application in M-MPHA provide a simple and convenient method for antibody identification. Furthermore, the technique of drying treated RBCs provides an even stronger antibody identification tool, since dried RBCs can be stored for a long period.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2004

The belated autopsy and identification of an eighteenth century naval hero--the saga of John Paul Jones.

John Paul Jones, the "Father of the American Navy," is known for the battletime assertion that he had "not yet begun to fight." His central role in a triumph of scientific forensic identification more than a century after his death is less known. John Paul Jones died in 1792 and was buried in Paris, France. The location of his grave was lost over time and a search for his corpse began in 1899. Remains matching his physical characteristics and circumstance of burial were discovered in 1905 and returned to the United States for a hero's burial. Some questioned the identification at the time and the major source of identifying information has since been shown to contain false information. The published forensic literature fails to address existing critiques of the identification. We provide a substantive analysis and conclude that the available evidence supports the identification of the unknown remains as those of John Paul Jones.

Autopsy↗

PubMed2004

A proposed method for the identification of race in sub-adult skeletons: a geometric morphometric analysis of mandibular morphology.

The identification of biological race (ancestry) in skeletal material is an important aspect of forensic investigations. While techniques for race determination are well established for adult skeletons, identification of race in sub-adult specimens has not been widely addressed. The present study investigates racial differences in the mandibular morphology of sub-adult specimens using geometric morphometric analyses. One hundred and seventy-four mandibles from five morphologically distinct samples were digitized and subjected to general Procrustes analysis. Results showed significant morphological differences between the samples and obtained cross-validation results of over 70% accuracy in identification of unknown individuals using the complete mandible. It is suggested that these techniques could provide a method for the identification of race in sub-adult individuals.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Unnatural selection: talent identification and development in sport.

The early identification of talented individuals has become increasingly important across many performance domains. Current talent identification (TI) schemes in sport typically select on the basis of discrete, unidimensional measures at unstable periods in the athlete's development. In this article, the concept of talent is revised as a complex, dynamical system in which future behaviors emerge from an interaction of key performance determinants such as psychological behaviors, motor abilities, and physical characteristics. Key nonlinear dynamics concepts are related to TI approaches such as sensitivity to initial conditions, transitions, and exponential behavioral distributions. It is concluded that many TI models place an overemphasis on early identification rather than the development of potentially talented performers. A generic model of talent identification and development is proposed that addresses these issues and provides direction for future research.

Achievement↗

PubMed2003

[Identification of Streptococcus species and Haemophilus influenzae by direct sequencing of PCR products from 16S-23S rRNA itergenic sacer regions].

To facilitate species level identification of bacteria without the requirement of presumptive identification, the paper describes a rapid identification method of bacteria by amplification and direct sequencing 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer regions (ISR) of the pathogens which cause the upper respiratory tract infective disease by Streptococcus and Haemophilus. Three pairs of primer targeting conserved sequences flanking the 3' end of 16S and the 5' end of 23S rRNA were used to amplify 16S~23S rRNA ISR of 7 streptococcus strains and 8 Haemophilus strains. The PCR products were separated by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis and the polymorphisms fragments were purified with the Wizard PCR Min-Prep Kit (Promega) and Protocol-SK131(Sangon). The nucleotide sequences of ISR inserts were determined by using the XEQTM DTCS Kitjj Terminator Cycle Sequencing and a CEQTM 2000XL DNA Analysis system (Backman Coulter) automatic DAN sequencer. Then those sequences were compared with known sequences on the GenBank. The alignment of nucleotide sequence, evolutionary distances and phylogenetic trees were analyzed by software DANMAN version 4.0. The PCR products were showed polymorphism patterns with agarose gel. One band was contained in streptococcus genus. The significant variation was found among the spacer sequences of different species in Streptococcus with the lengths of the spacer varying from 269 to 446 bp. All the ISR of the streptococcal species had a tRNA Ala gene in the spacer and the sequence identities varied from 78 to 88% within genera. It was found that some spacer sequence blocks were highly conserved between operons of a genome, whereas the presence of others was variable, three regions showed significant spatial variation. Most of the differences between the sequences came from several bases insertions/deletions and substitutions. There are two major bands in the Haemophilus biotypes (515 and 884 bp), the small ISR amplicon contained one tDNA coding for tRNA(Glu). In contrast to the large one contained two tRNA genes coding for tRAN(Ala) and tRNA(Ile). Two regions of repeating motifs with only A or T were present in higher copy numbers between tRAN(Ala) and tRNA(Ile). The phylogenetic trees varied from 97.5 to 98.8%. The PCR and direct sequencing of 16S-23S rRAN ISR were successful in the pathogen species identification.

English Abstract↗

PubMed2005

Rapid Identification of pathogenic rapidly growing mycobacteria by PCR-restriction endonuclease analysis.

INTRODUCTION: The accuracy and practicality of PCR-restriction endonuclease analysis (PRA) for rapid identification of pathogenic rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) isolates were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHOD: PRA identification using an amplified 439-bp segment (amplicon) of the 65-kDa heat shock protein gene was compared to identification by conventional methods, for 39 clinically significant RGM isolates. RESULTS: The accuracy of PRA in the identification of RGM isolates was comparable to that of conventional methods. Moreover, PRA was able to identify RGM faster, within 2 to 3 working days compared to conventional methods which require 2 to 4 weeks to perform and complete different tests. CONCLUSION: PRA methodology could be easily incorporated into the clinical laboratory setting. This would be beneficial for the management of patients with infections due to pathogenic RGM.

Bacterial Proteins↗

PubMed2004

Identification of two fungicide degrading Pseudomonas species by gas chromatography of cellular fatty acids.

Microorganisms can be identified in many ways. Conventional methods rely on the expression of certain properties that are usually mediated directly by enzyme activity. Extension of this approach to include numerical identification or automated systems to analyze results often strengthens conclusions. Identification of bacterial species using morphological characters and biochemical tests is often difficult and time consuming. Immunodiagnostic and nucleotide hybridization techniques have improved sensitivity, specify, precision, and ease of testing. Chemotaxonomy is also precise and can result in the definition of highly discriminatory properties. Cellular Fatty Acids (CFA) analyses fall into this category. One of the most convenient methods for the identification of fatty acids in bacterial cells is by gas-liquid chromatography of their methyl esters prepared from phospholipids, total lipids, or other lipid fractions. Two bacterial strains from Bahar Yossof. Al-Fayiurn governorates, Egypt tentatively identified as a species of pseudomonas by virtue of its physiological and biochemical characteristics. Confirmation of this identification was carried out using fatty acids profile analysis.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗

PubMed2005

Testing the reliability of frontal sinuses in positive identification.

The use of frontal sinus radiographs in positive identification has become an increasingly applied and accepted technique among forensic anthropologists, radiologists, and pathologists. From an evidentiary standpoint, however, it is important to know whether frontal sinus radiographs are a reliable method for confirming or rejecting an identification, and standardized methods should be applied when making comparisons. The purpose of the following study is to develop an objective, standardized comparison method, and investigate the reliability of that method. Elliptic Fourier analysis (EFA) was used to assess the variation in 808 outlines of frontal sinuses by calculating likelihood ratios and posterior probabilities from EFA coefficients. Results show that using EFA coefficient comparison to estimate the probability of a correct identification is a reliable technique, and EFA comparison of frontal sinus outlines is recommended when it may be necessary to provide quantitative substantiation for a forensic identification based on these structures.

Anthropometry↗