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PubMed1980

[The experiment of medicaments on a healthy man. Its situation compared to the French law and the medical ethics (author's transl)].

After having looked at which was the value and the scientific extent of experiments on a healthy man, the authors show in which conditions this type of experiment can be considered as ethical. Two points are important in order to admit this ethical character: the necessity of the experiment and the existence of a collective benefit. Then, the juridical outline of these experiments is debated and the authors remind: --that medicinal products are experimented on the healthy man, --that there are texts which make official the acts offering risk, with collective benefit exclusively, --that a law imposes experiments for non-medicinal products. Finally, the types of responsibilities which could be looked at in case of experiment on a healthy man, with collective benefit, are debated.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1994

Counselling on contraceptive use strengthened in Dominican Republic.

In the Dominican Republic a study was conducted to identify the main factors associated with the occurrence of induced abortion. The study involved interviews with 350 women admitted in two hospitals with abortion complications, review of their clinical records, and in-depth interviews with 30 of these patients. The results indicated that the majority of these women had a low socioeconomic status and a low level of education. Many were born in rural areas but had migrated to Santo Domingo, the capital, in search of employment. Their average age was about 26 years. Adolescents represented 16% of the total study sample. Most of these women were in some sort of union, but only 13% were formally married. Contrary to popular belief that it is only unmarried adolescents who resort to induced abortions, the study showed that the majority were in permanent or semi-permanent unions. In fact, most of them had been in the union for three or more years. The use of contraception was low and unsystematic, with high discontinuation rates. Although 75% of the total study population declared to have used at least one contraceptive method during their lifetime, only 42% had tried a second method. This project has had a significant policy impact. In 1993, a revised Health Code was presented to the Dominican Congress for discussion and approval. The Senator who introduced this legislation, using results from the study, proposed to modify the law with respect to therapeutic abortions to include a clause that would make abortion legal under certain conditions and make corresponding services available as part of maternal and child health care programs. Also, with a view to lowering the incidence of abortion, PROFAMILIA, an agency affiliated to the international Planned Parenthood Federation, has adopted improved measures, reinforcing counselling and communication efforts to improve understanding of the correct way of using modern methods.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1988

Acuerdo No. 1803, 1 August 1988.

This Accord sets forth Regulations on the functioning of Ecuadoran private day care centers, which are defined as centers for the protection and integral development of children under the age of seven. It provides that persons and entities interested in running a center must receive authorization from the Ministry of Social Welfare after submitting an application containing a social protection plan, a program of recreational and educative activities, and a report of the Provincial Directorate of Education. Further provisions of the Accord deal with the administrative structure of day care centers, physical space requirements, financing and operation, and the administrative responsibility for day care centers of the Private Day Care Section of the Department for the Protection of Minors.

Americas↗
PubMed1988

Regulations on measures to promote the qualification of women in universities, colleges, and technical schools, 31 August 1988.

These Regulations of the German Democratic Republic, introduced on 1 October 1988, are intended to make it easier for certain categories of women--particularly those with heavy family responsibilities--to study at universities and technical colleges in the German Democratic Republic. The regulations apply to women who have either several children under age 16; a severely handicapped child under age 18; or a family member requiring continual care, supervision, or support. To benefit from the new scheme, women must be selected to sign a "training agreement" by an enterprise, which must have formal plans for promoting its female workforce. Once courses are completed, trainees must be integrated into jobs corresponding to their new skills. The new regulations make it easier to follow correspondence courses by allowing up to 100 days of paid time off each year for study and examination purposes. In following a full-time course, women will receive an allowance equalling 80% of the difference between a basic student allowance and her actual or average earnings prior to enrolling in the course. This will be paid by the employing enterprise. In addition to time off from work, enterprises must provide a support network which includes welfare services, reduced workload, use of the enterprise's training equipment and facilities, and the provision of work assignments linked to training. Steps must be taken to assist women to acquire the qualifications for access to executive and managerial functions. At the core of the new scheme is a whole new range of "specially tailored" correspondence and evening courses which have been introduced into universities and technical colleges. With an average course duration of four and half to five years, course participants will all be nominated by their employing enterprise. The scheme as a whole will be progressively extended to cover all branches of engineering, economic, and agrarian sciences, with special emphasis on information technologies.

Education↗
PubMed1988

Act No. 16.011 setting forth rules under which any public or private individual or corporation may bring an action for relief [amparo] against any act, omission, or condition of state or parastatal authorities, as well as individuals, that with manifest illegitimacy harms that person's or corporation's rights and liberties, 7 December 1988.

This Act allows actions for relief with respect to the violation of rights and liberties recognized expressly or implicitly by the Constitution. Among other things, the Constitution of Uruguay provides that all persons are equal before the law, with no distinguishing between them except with respect to talents and virtues. An action for relief may not be brought against jurisdictional acts, acts of the Electoral Court, and laws and decrees of the departmental governments that have the force of law in their jurisdictions. Neither may an action for relief be brought if there are other judicial or administrative means to obtain the same results. As a remedy, a court may order specific actions to be undertaken or ceased, without prejudice to monetary sanctions that may be ordered under Act No. 14.978 of 14 December 1978.

Americas↗