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PubMed1999

How to resolve stool retention in a child. Underwear soiling is not a behavior problem.

Many parents do not realize their child has stool retention when they bring him or her for an office visit. Some complaints that may be a tip-off and should prompt questioning about stool frequency and underwear soiling are vague abdominal pain, urinary incontinence, and stools so large they plug the toilet. A rectal examination is usually adequate to confirm the diagnosis. Management begins with educating parents that leaking of liquid stool around impaction and onto underwear is completely involuntary, so the child should never be scolded or embarrassed. Stool retention may begin because of unpleasant or unavailable toilet facilities, constipation, or painful elimination and often becomes self-perpetuating. Impaction must be removed immediately; magnesium citrate solution is usually effective. To allow the rectum to return to its normal size, which can take an extended time, stool must be kept soft and movable with administration of mineral oil and appropriate dietary choices (eg, fruit, juice, fiber). Recurrence is common, so ongoing measures and follow-up are important.

Cathartics↗
PubMed2003

Emotional and behavioral problems in migrant children.

OBJECTIVES: To assess emotional (depression, anxiety and self-esteem) and behavioural problems in migrant children and to compare them with non-migrant children. METHODS: 526 students (60% boys, 40% girls) aged 11.23 +/- 1.05, at five schools in Adana, Turkey in areas with a high migrant population were included in this study. 182 children (35%) were migrants and 344 children (65%) were non-migrants. The Depression Inventory for Children (CDI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAI-C) and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) were administered to the pupils at their school and Rutter's Teachers Rating Scale (RTRS) was administered to their teachers. Sociodemographic variables were recorded on the basis of school records and the children's report. RESULTS: In the migrant group, fathers were less educated and had more employment problems, homes were rented and the children were unsuccessful at school. Migrant children had significantly lower self-esteem with higher depression and anxiety. Behavioural symptoms on RTRS were not significant with regard to migration. No significant correlation was found between psychometric tests and father's education, duration of residence after migration or room density. CONCLUSIONS: We found significant emotional but no behavioural problems in Turkish migrant children compared to Turkish non-migrant children. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify the long-term course of the various types of distress and the individual prognosis of migrant adjustment.

Anxiety↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The prevention of HIV infection in abusers of psychoactive substances as a social behavioral problem].

This research has made it possible to outline and illuminate a range of problems which should be solved in planning concrete measures for the prophylaxis of HIV infection among the users of psychoactive substances. Such measures should also include those aimed at preventing children and adolescents from getting accustomed to the use of drugs at an early age, as well as the search of ways for providing adequate and effective information on the consequences of using narcotic drugs, the prevention of passage from single cases of the tentative use of drugs to systematic narcotization, etc.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Problem behavior in dogs. Understanding the shy dog.

The term "shy dog" should be qualified by examination of the dog's actual behavior and those things that stimulate the shyness. Dogs that display submissive behavior may suffer from a punishment syndrome created by overly harsh treatment. Others may suffer from kennelosis or other improper socialization during early critical periods. In all cases the dog's level of confidence must be increased vis a vis people. Rehabilitation requires avoidance of physical manipulation, gradual socialization, and demonstrative teaching for command responses.

Animals↗