Laboratory diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in Canada for calendar year 2003.
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Animals↗
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Results for “DIAGNOSIS, LABORATORY”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
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[Comprehensive laboratory diagnosis of intravascular blood coagulation syndrome in late gestosis].
A chronic form of intravascular blood coagulation (the DIC syndrome) is an obligatory pathogenetic mechanism in the organism of pregnant women with late gestoses. In order to find the DIC-syndrome and to provide urgent protective measures comprehensive laboratory diagnostics of the hemostatic pathologies is necessary. Analysis of clinician data has shown an optimal quantity and sequence of tests, among which some are traditional and several have been worked out by the authors. This approach can be recommended for corresponding medical institutions as such that provides obtaining exact and informative data about the state of blood coagulation with minimal amounts of human plasma.
Adult↗
[The epidemiological characteristics and laboratory diagnosis of viral hepatitides among the Federal troops on the territory of the Chechen Republic].
The items of information about epidemiologic peculiarities of virus hepatitis among military men of incorporated grouping of troops of MoD of RF in Republic of Chechnya and about creation of uniform system of laboratory diagnostics in interests of etiologic orientation of prophylaxis and control of these infections in military groups are submitted. Etiologic structure, the reasons and conditions of occurrence of virus hepatitis are established.
Hepatitis, Viral, Human↗
An international approach to laboratory diagnosis of animal diseases.
During the past thirteen years, and as part of an overall support program for developing countries, the Joint FAO/IAEA Division has developed a series of standardized and internationally validated ELISA-based systems for the diagnosis and surveillance of the major epizootics affecting livestock in the developing world. Linked to comprehensive internal and external quality assurance protocols and to the use of standardized equipment and data management software, veterinary laboratories in many developing countries are now able to provide quality assured results on the prevalence of the major diseases affecting their livestock. This internationally standardized approach can rapidly enable developing countries to both monitor the effectiveness of their disease control and eradication programs and to meet requirements for international disease status recognition and for trade in livestock and livestock products.
Animal Diseases↗
Rapid laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases.
The countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis and latex particle agglutination tests are rapid, do not require expensive apparatus, and are easy to perform if specific antigens and antisera are available. Both tests have been shown to be of value in the diagnosis of bacterial infections (such as those caused by H. influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and group B streptococcus) and of viral infections (HRVLA and hepatitis B); they may also be of value in fungal and parasitic infections. Etiologic diagnosis of commonly seen clinical conditions (such as pneumonia, meningitis, cellulitis, osteomyelitis, lymphadenitis, and arthritis) by practicing physicians can be made using these tests to detect antigens in various body fluids in a hospital laboratory.
Bacterial Infections↗
[Laboratory diagnosis of hyperkinetic movement disorders in adulthood].
Hyperkinetic movement disorders such as dystonia, chorea, ballism, myoclonus, tics, and tremor may be idiopathic or symptomatic in origin. Symptomatic movement disorders need further diagnostic testing in order to identify their etiology. In addition to clinical findings, imaging techniques, and electrophysiological testing, laboratory studies are required. Here, we review the prevalence of diseases presenting with symptomatic hyperkinetic movement disorders and discuss the diagnostic relevance of laboratory studies.
Biomarkers↗
[Laboratory diagnosis of lipid imbalance].
Accurate diagnosis of hyperlipidaemia is necessary for the effective treatment. Measurements in serum or plasma obtained after an overnight fast of over 16 hours should include total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol concentrations; LDL-cholesterol can be calculated using the Friedelwald's formula. Lipoprotein electrophoresis is used to define different phenotypes of hyperlipoproteinaemia according to the Fredrickson's classification. More sophisticated tests include apolipoprotein analysis, determination of Lp(a) concentration, activities of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism and genetic studies. Secondary causes of hyperlipidaemia, including liver, kidney, endocrine disorders should be excluded using the laboratory methods.
Cholesterol↗
Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of acute renal failure.
Acute renal failure (ARF) is defined in general terms as an abrupt decrease in renal function sufficient enough to result in retention of nitrogenous waste and disrupt fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. There is no consensus regarding a quantifiable definition of ARF. Prompt evaluation of ARF is vital because ARF can be the end result of diverse processes which can often be reversed or attenuated through therapy directed at the underlying condition. Evaluation begins with careful review of the patient's history, previous medical records, physical examination, urinalysis, and available laboratory data. Routine urine chemical indices, calculation of the fractional excretion of sodium, and examination of the urine sediment are valuable in characterizing the cause of ARF. When this evaluation fails to yield a diagnosis, further testing may be required to evaluate intravascular volume status or diagnose a systemic disorder or glomerular cause of ARF. Response to therapeutic trials may provide a diagnosis. When a diagnosis cannot be made with reasonable certainty through this evaluation renal biopsy should be considered.
Acute Kidney Injury↗
Laboratory diagnosis of hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders.
The study of hemostasis is a rapidly expanding field. Not only are new disorders being elucidated almost monthly, but also new proteins and interrelationships between known proteins are being reported continuously. These factors make the study of hemostatic disorders at once both exhilarating and challenging. New analysis techniques, such as chromogenic assays, ELISA assays, and molecular techniques, have advanced the study of hemostasis from the early days of tilt tube-based clotting tests. Further advancement in test automation will provide detailed analytic capabilities to smaller laboratories in the future. Additionally, continued advances in genetic testing will eventually allow us a detailed molecular view of a patient's hemostatic system previously unthinkable. This review has attempted to synthesize a very broad range of hemostatic physiology, laboratory testing, and pathologic disorders into a brief synopsis. Many details have unfortunately been excluded, but it is hoped that the nucleus of information presented on the recognition and diagnosis of hemostatic disorders will be valuable in the evaluation of patients with both simple and complex bleeding and thrombotic disorders.
Blood Coagulation Disorders↗
Influenza A H9N2: aspects of laboratory diagnosis.
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Animals↗
[The possibilities of laboratory diagnosis of chronic amebiasis].
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Amebiasis↗
Studies on the laboratory diagnosis of cystic fibrosis of the pancreas. Positive gelatin film tests due to gelatin-liquefying bacteria in feces and duodenal juice.
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Bacteria↗
[Development of multi-level continuous professional training of specialists in laboratory diagnosis (a comment on the article by T.N.Rezer in the journal 'Klinicheskaia Laboratornaia Diagnostika', 1998,No. 9, p. 9)].
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Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
Laboratory diagnosis of four recent sporadic cases of community-acquired SARS, Guangdong Province, China.
Four cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) that occurred from December 16, 2003, to January 8, 2004, in the city of Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, were investigated. Clinical specimens collected from these patients were tested by provincial and national laboratories in China as well as members of the World Health Organization SARS Reference and Verification Laboratory Network in a collaborative effort to identify and confirm SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection. Although SARS-CoV was not isolated from any patient, specimens from three patients were positive for viral RNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay, and all patients had detectable rises in SARS-CoV-specific antibodies. This study shows the effectiveness of a collaborative, multilaboratory response to diagnose SARS.
Adult↗
A web-based teaching program for laboratory diagnosis of coagulation disorders.
OBJECTIVE: To implement an interactive program for teaching coagulation disorders on the World Wide Web. DESIGN AND RESULTS: The core materials in this program were derived from a personal computer software program previously designed by the authors. Three modules were developed in this program: (1) a coagulation profile to display typical results of coagulation screening tests for each disorder; (2) a differential diagnosis module to generate a list of diagnoses that fit the test results in a given case; and (3) a synopsis of coagulopathy and therapy to provide essential information on disorders and therapeutic options. A total of 41 coagulation disorders were included in the knowledge base. CONCLUSIONS: Since the World Wide Web is increasingly more accessible to computer users, it has become an ideal medium for teaching purposes. Our experience with this program in teaching medical students and pathology residents at our institution has been very encouraging.
Blood Coagulation Disorders↗
Laboratory diagnosis of bloodstream infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing E. coli and Klebsiella species.
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms are resistant to the third-generation cephalosporins commonly used as empirical therapy for a wide range of serious infections. It is therefore important for laboratories to offer reliable ESBL detection methods. This study compares two combination disc methods (Oxoid and Mast Diagnostics) containing cepodoxime with and without clavulanate with Vitek 2 for routine detection of ESBLs in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. isolated from blood cultures. From December 2003 to April 2005, a total of 58 potential ESBL-producing isolates (resistant to cefotaxime and/or ceftazidime) by BSAC disc susceptibility were tested by the combination discs and Vitek 2. The Advanced Expert System, a feature of Vitek 2 reports possible mechanisms of resistance, based on interpretive reading of MICs. This study detected 7.4% more ESBL-producing isolates by Vitek 2 than by Oxoid disc testing (95% CI: 0.15-14.7%; P < 0.2) and 31.6% more ESBL-producing isolates were detected by Vitek 2 than by Mast disc testing, (95% CI: 16.2-46.96%; P < 0.001). Batch-to-batch variation was evident in disc performance for both disc types. Thus, use of appropriate controls is recommended when testing by the combination disc methods. Although no phenotypic test is 100% sensitive and specific, the Vitek 2 was a reliable system for ESBL detection; however, it is expensive and interpretation of results can be confusing to inexperienced users. Further studies to compare Vitek 2 with cefotaxime and ceftazidime combination discs may reveal disc methodology for ESBL detection to be a more reliable alternative than using cefpodoxime combination discs alone.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the laboratory diagnosis of gonorrhoea. A comparative evaluation.
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect levels of antibodies to Neisseria gonorrhoeae in 100 male patients with suspected gonorrhoea attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. Although significantly higher antibody levels were detectable in patients with clinically diagnosed gonorrhoea confirmed by laboratory tests, positive results were also obtained in 26% of the control subjects, who were presumed to be healthy. Serum anticomplement activity was present in 8% of the subjects with false-positive results, while tests for rheumatoid factor were positive in 14%. However, these problems could be eliminated to a certain extent by including a negative control or background well for each serum sample. Because the ELISA was found to be of high sensitivity and moderate specificity it is concluded that it is a useful serodiagnostic test for gonorrhoea.
Agglutination Tests↗
Antithrombin deficiency: issues in laboratory diagnosis.
OBJECTIVE: To review the current understanding of the pathophysiology of antithrombin deficiency and its role in congenital thrombophilia. Recommendations for diagnostic testing of antithrombin function and concentration, derived from the medical literature and consensus opinions of recognized experts in the field, are included. These recommendations specify whom, how, and when to test. DATA SOURCES: Review of the published medical literature. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: A summary of the medical literature and proposed testing recommendations were prepared and presented at the College of American Pathologists Conference XXXVI: Diagnostic Issues in Thrombophilia. After discussion at the conference, consensus recommendations presented in this article were accepted after a two-thirds majority vote by the participants. CONCLUSIONS: Antithrombin deficiency is an infrequent genetic abnormality that may be a significant contributing cause of thrombophilia. Antithrombin deficiency also may be observed in conjunction with other genetic or acquired risk factors. Assay of antithrombin plasma levels is appropriate in the laboratory evaluation of individuals with thrombophilia, preferably using a functional, amidolytic antithrombin assay. The diagnosis of antithrombin deficiency should be established only after other acquired causes of antithrombin deficiency, such as liver disease, consumptive coagulopathy, or heparin therapy, are excluded. A low antithrombin level should be confirmed with a subsequent assay on a fresh specimen, and family studies may be helpful to establish the diagnosis. Antigenic antithrombin assays may be of benefit in subclassification of the type of antithrombin deficiency and to confirm the decreased antithrombin level in patients with type I deficiency.
Algorithms↗