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Results for “SARCOMA, FIBROSARCOMA”

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PubMed1989

Neurogenic fibrosarcoma following radiation therapy for seminoma.

We report a case of radiation-induced neurogenic fibrosarcoma that developed in a patient who received radiation therapy for seminoma. The sarcoma developed within the irradiated field after a latency period of nineteen years. Although the occurrence of a secondary neoplasm is unusual, this possibility should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients who present with tumor growth after a long interval following radiation therapy.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Identification of a polypeptide encoded by the avian sarcoma virus src gene.

Two techniques were used to search for the polypeptide encoded by the avian sarcoma virus (ASV) src gene. First, antiserum from rabbits bearing ASV-induced fibrosarcomas was used to immunoprecipitate a transformation-specific antigen from ASV-transformed chick embryo fibroblasts. This antigen has an apparent molecular weight (Mr) of 60,000. Second, the 3' one-third of the ASV genome, selected by oligo(dT)-cellulose chromatography and sucrose gradient sedimentation, was translated in a mRNA-dependent reticulocyte cell-free lysate. This RNA species programmed the synthesis of a polypeptide that comigrated with the transformation-specific antigen of Mr 60,000 immunoprecipitated from transformed cells. The methionine-containing tryptic peptides from the polypeptides of Mr 60,000 obtained from translation in vitro and from immunoprecipitation were found to be identical upon two-dimensional fractionation.

Alpharetrovirus↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Selected lesions of dioxin in laboratory rodents.

Dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) has been the subject of intensive investigations in laboratory animals during the last 2 decades. Toxicity studies have been conducted in several species of rodents and include several carcinogenicity studies as well as numerous mechanistic studies initiated to elucidate dioxin's mode of action, as both a carcinogen and a toxicant. Hepatotoxicity is a primary effect of dioxin. There has been an increase in hepatocellular tumors reported in both rats and mice exposed to dioxin. In addition to neoplastic changes, dioxin causes a spectrum of toxic changes in the liver. Additional neoplastic changes include subcutaneous fibrosarcomas and thyroid follicular cell tumors in both rats and mice and histiocytic sarcomas in mice. Dioxin causes developmental effects in the palate and kidney of mice. Changes in the female reproductive tract include ovarian atrophy, sertoliform hyperplasia, and Sertoli cell tumors. Dosing in utero results in gross malformations of the external genetalia. The effects of dioxin on the rodent model of endometriosis are described. In males, there are lowered sperm counts in the epididymis and minor testicular effects following gestational administration of dioxin. Both estrogenic and antiestrogenic-like effects have been ascribed to dioxin in laboratory animals; these activities are the result of dioxin-specific pathways resulting in the same end points as classic reproductive toxicants.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Sarcoma in Paget's disease (11 cases).

Eleven cases of sarcoma in Paget's disease of bone are presented, together with an extensive review of the literature. These neoplasms are rare but not exceptional, and mostly affect male subjects in the seventh decade of life. The sites most frequently affected are the pelvis, femur and humerus. In 30 per cent of cases these neoplasms are multifocal. Radiographically the lesions are nearly always osteolytic. The radiographic diagnosis may, however, be quite difficult, especially in the presence of the severe (but benign) osteolyic lesions that sometimes occur in Paget's disease. Morphologically these tumours are mostly highly polymorphic sarcomas. The cases in this series were diagnosed histologically as osteosarcoma, grade 3 fibrosarcoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma; but there are no prognostic differences between the various histological types. The prognosis is very serious, only about 3 per cent of patients surviving for five years from the time of diagnosis. Therapy, unfortunately nearly always palliative, is based on amputation or disarticulation after sections biopsy in cases where the disease is localised to the limbs, and on radiotherapy in cases not amenable to surgery.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Gallium nitrate: the second metal with clinical activity.

Gallium nitrate is the anhydrate salt of the naturally occurring heavy metal. It has demonstrated antitumor activity in a variety of murine tumor models, including Walker carcinosarcoma 256, fibrosarcoma M-89, leukemia K-1964, adenocarcinoma 755, mammary carcinoma YMC, reticulum cell sarcoma A-RCS, lymphoma P1798, and osteosarcoma 124F. Preclinical studies performed in rats, rabbits, dogs, and monkeys showed the dose-limiting toxicity to be renal. The hepatic, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, hematologic, and integumentary systems were also involved. The major route of elimination is the kidneys, with 35%-71% of the infused dose excreted within 24 hours. Three phase I studies suggested the following phase II doses: 700-750 mg/m2 by short infusion, once every 2-3 weeks; 300 mg/m2/day by short infusion for 3 consecutive days, to be repeated every 2 weeks; and 300 mg/m2/day by continuous infusion for 7 consecutive days, to be repeated every 3-5 weeks. The major organ toxicity reported was renal; however, this can be adequately controlled either by hydration and osmotic diuresis or by use of continuous schedule. (Either maneuver appears to allow delivery of the recommended phase II dose with a less than 30% risk of change in serum creatinine.) In limited phase II evaluation, the drug has shown antitumor activity in patients with either refractory lymphomas or small cell lung carcinoma, with total objective response rates of 28% and 11%, respectively. In addition, it has been effective in the treatment of patients with cancer-related hypercalcemia by having an inhibitory effect on calcium reabsorption from bone. Single-agent phase II studies are planned in all major tumor types. Some are already ongoing in patients with genitourinary malignancies (renal, bladder, prostate, testicular), small cell lung carcinoma, and multiple myeloma. Metabolic studies are in progress at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center to further elucidate the mechanism or mechanisms of the hypocalcemic effects.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Migration of tumor cells to organ-derived chemoattractants.

Certain tissues contain unique factors which are chemotactic for metastatic tumor cell lines. Extracts of bone, brain, liver, and lung were tested for their ability to promote either the migration or the chemoinvasion, i.e., their penetration through a reconstituted basement membrane barrier, of various metastatic tumor cells. Using a modified Boyden chamber assay for chemotaxis, B16-Br2 melanoma cells, which metastasize to brain, migrated most actively to brain extract. Lung-directed T241-PM2 fibrosarcoma cells migrated selectively to lung extract. Further, murine M50-76 reticulum cell sarcoma cells, which metastasize to liver and ovaries, were preferentially attracted to liver extract, and MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells with high bone and brain colonization potential were found to migrate most actively to bone and brain extracts. Partial purification of tissue extracts showed that the factors in brain and liver are of different molecular weights. These data suggest that tissue-specific factors in different target tissues attract tumor cells which home to those sites.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Gliosarcoma. A study of 13 tumors, including p53 and CD34 immunohistochemistry.

OBJECTIVE: Gliosarcoma is a biphasic neoplasm composed of a glioblastoma multiforme admixed with a sarcomatous component that is presumed to arise from a malignant transformation of the hyperplastic vasculature elements. We studied 13 cases of gliosarcoma to describe the clinical and pathologic features of this tumor. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis using p53 and CD34 was performed in an attempt to examine the histogenesis of gliosarcomas. DESIGN AND SETTING: A retrospective study of 13 patients with gliosarcoma from a tertiary care center. RESULTS: The 13 patients (7 women, 6 men) had a median age of 62 years (range, 33 to 79 years). All patients were initially treated with surgical excision followed by adjuvant radiation therapy, and two received adjuvant chemotherapy. Nine patients died of disease (median, 9 months; range, 1 to 17 months). Three patients were alive with evidence of residual tumor at most recent follow-up (median, 18 months; range, 6 to 41 months). A single patient was lost to follow-up. Histologically, all neoplasms consisted of an admixture of glioblastoma multiforme and sarcomatous elements. The sarcomatous component resembled fibrosarcoma in 12 cases and a malignant fibrous histiocytoma in one case. The sarcoma appeared to arise from hyperplastic vasculature in five tumors. CD34 staining in all five of these cases was negative. Immunostaining for p53 was observed in eight tumors (61.5%). p53 positivity was definitely present in both glial and sarcomatous components in all but three positive cases. The degree of staining was comparable between the two elements in five cases, present in only the glial component in two cases, and not able to be reliably assigned to one or the other component in one case. CONCLUSION: Gliosarcoma is an aggressive-behaving neoplasm, as previously reported. The presence of p53-positive immunostaining, similar to glioblastoma multiforme, may be indicative of a role for the p53 gene in these neoplasms. A lack of CD34 staining does not support an endothelial cell origin for gliosarcoma.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Studies on the biological activity of tocotrienols.

Tocotrienols were evaluated for activity against transplantable murine tumors inoculated i.p. into mouse, and the activities of two tocotrienols and alpha-tocopherols were compared. When the compounds were injected i.p., alpha- and gamma-tocotrienols were effective against sarcoma 180, Ehrlich carcinoma, and IMC carcinoma, and gamma-tocotrienol showed a slight life-prolonging effect in mice with Meth A fibrosarcoma, but the tocotrienols had no antitumor activity against P388 leukemia at doses of 5-40 mg/kg/d. On the other hand alpha-tocopherol had only a slight effect against sarcoma 180 and IMC carcinoma. The antitumor activity of gamma-tocotrienol was higher than that of alpha-tocotrienol. Tocotrienols showed growth inhibition of human and mouse tumor cells when the cells were exposed to these agents for 72 h in vitro, whereas tocopherol did not show any marked cytotoxic activity. Alpha- and gamma-tocotrienols had inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation of murine microsomes by adriamycin.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Continuous tissue culture cell lines derived from chemically induced tumors of Japanese quail.

Several continuous tissue culture cell lines were established from methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcomas of Japanese quail. The lines consist either of fibroblastic elements, round refractile cells or polygonal cells. They show transformed characteristics in agar colony formation and hexose uptake, and most are tumorigenic. Their cloning efficiency in plastic dishes is not increased over that of normal quail embryo fibroblasts. The quail tumor cell lines do not produce endogenous avian oncoviruses and fail to complement the Bryan high titer strain of Rous sarcoma virus; those tested lack the p27 protein of avian oncoviruses. Most of the cell lines are susceptible to subgroup A avian sarcoma viruses, but are relatively resistant to viruses of subgroups C, E and F as compared to normal quail embryo fibroblasts.

Alpharetrovirus↗

PubMed1986

Possible immunoenhancement of persistent viremia by feline leukemia virus envelope glycoprotein vaccines in challenge-exposure situations where whole inactivated virus vaccines were protective.

Kittens immunized with purified native FeLV-gp70 or -gp85 envelope proteins developed ELISA, but not virus neutralizing, antibodies in their serum to both whole FeLV and FeLV-gp70. Kittens vaccinated with envelope proteins and infected with feline sarcoma virus (FeSV) developed smaller tumors than nonvaccinates, but a greater incidence of persistent retroviremia. Similarly, FeLV-gp70 and -gp85 vaccinated kittens were more apt to become persistently retroviremic following virulent FeLV challenge exposure than nonvaccinates. Kittens vaccinated with inactivated whole FeLV developed smaller tumors after FeSV inoculation and had a lower incidence of persistent retroviremia than nonvaccinates. The protective effect of inactivated whole FeLV vaccine against persistent retroviremia was also seen with FeLV challenge-exposed cats. Protection afforded by inactivated whole FeLV vaccine was not associated with virus neutralizing antibodies, although ELISA antibodies to both whole FeLV and FeLV-gp70 were induced by vaccination.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Soft tissue sarcomas of the chest wall. Results of surgical resection.

UNLABELLED: Primary soft tissue sarcomas of the chest wall are uncommon, and data concerning treatment and results are sparse. Most studies have categorized these tumors as truncal sarcomas and inferred a poor prognosis. To assess the results of surgical treatment, we reviewed our 40-year experience. METHODS: Records of 189 patients admitted to our institution from 1948 to 1988 were reviewed. Pathologic material was available for review in the 149 cases (79%) that comprise this report. Survival was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, with comparisons by log-rank analysis and significance defined as p less than 0.05. RESULTS: Ages ranged from 3 weeks to 86 years (median, 38 years); the ratio of male to female patients was 2:1. The initial complaint was mass or pain in 97% of the cases. Ninety sarcomas (60%) were high grade and 59 (40%) were low grade. Histologic types were as follows: desmoid tumor (n = 32, 21%); liposarcoma (n = 23, 15%); rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 18, 12%); fibrosarcoma (n = 17, 11%); embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 14, 9%); malignant peripheral nerve tumor (n = 13, 9%); malignant fibrous histiocytoma (n = 11, 7%); spindle cell sarcoma (n = 4, 3%); tenosynovial sarcoma (n = 3, 3%); hemangiopericytoma (n = 3, 3%); alveolar soft part sarcoma (n = 3, 3%); and other types (n = 12, 9%). Resection was the primary treatment in 140 cases (94%). Local recurrence developed in 27%. Metastases occurred in 52 (35%) of the cases (metachronous in 42, synchronous in 10) and were more common in patients with high-grade disease (46/90, 51%) than in those with low-grade disease (6/59, 10%). Overall 5-year survival was 66%. Five-year survival rate for those with high-grade sarcomas (49%) was significantly lower than that for low-grade sarcomas (90%, p less than 0.0001). Tumor size and age of patient were not prognostic. CONCLUSIONS: Survival of patients with primary soft tissue sarcomas of the chest wall after resection is similar to that of patients with sarcomas of the extremities. Resection alone provides acceptable survival (90% at 5 years) for those with low-grade sarcomas, but adjuvant treatment should be considered for those with high-grade sarcomas.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1963