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Results for “SHOULDER FRACTURES”

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At least 1,513 records · Page 84Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Axillary nerve palsy following blunt trauma to the shoulder region: a clinical and electrophysiological review.

Although the commonest type of axillary nerve palsy occurs following shoulder dislocation on humeral fracture, another form is seen after blunt trauma to the shoulder region without associated fracture or dislocation. The former usually goes on to a full recovery whereas a failure to recover is common in the latter group. In our review of 13 patients with palsy after blunt shoulder trauma, seven patients showed minimal or no recovery of deltoid muscle function and six patients went on to complete or near complete recovery. Serial electromyographic examinations usually revealed the lesion to be in continuity although eventual clinical recovery was not satisfactory in a number of these patients. The mechanism of the palsy appeared to involve a stretch injury and this was confirmed at operation in two patients. Glenohumeral fixation was a troublesome complication which limited recovery of function in four patients. Further details of the type of trauma, clinical and electromyographic examination, assessment and management are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

A new suggestion for the treatment of minimally displaced fractures of the greater tuberosity of the proximal humerus.

Fourteen shoulders in 14 patients with minimally displaced fractures of the greater tuberosity of the proximal humerus were evaluated, at an average of 3 years, 7 months (range: 1 year to 6 years, 1 month) after the operation. For comparison this portion of the proximal humerus was measured using 100 Korean adult cadaveric humeri. The results of these preliminary studies suggest that the patients presenting with a one-part fracture of the greater tuberosity of the proximal humerus should be evaluated individually. In most patients in whom the displacement of the fragment is less than 5 mm, good results can be obtained with non-operative treatment. If the displacement of the fragment is more than 5 mm in young active patients, and more than 3 mm in individuals (especially athletes and heavy laborers) involved in overhead activity, the fragment should be mobilized, repaired, and fixed into its original bed or slightly inferolaterally.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The floating shoulder: ipsilateral clavicle and scapular neck fractures.

In ipsilateral mid-clavicular and scapular-neck fractures, the mechanical stability of the suspensory structures is disrupted and muscle forces and the weight of the arm pull the glenoid fragment distally and anteromedially. To prevent late deformity we recommend internal fixation of the fractured clavicle by a plate and screws. We treated seven patients with this unusual injury; all achieved an excellent functional result without deformity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Injuries to the upper extremity in ice hockey: analysis of a series of 760 injuries.

BACKGROUND: Injuries to the upper extremity are common in ice hockey. PURPOSE: To investigate the mechanisms, types, and severity of upper extremity ice hockey injuries in patients in different age categories. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: We analyzed 760 consecutive upper extremity injuries in Finnish ice hockey players reported to an insurance company during 1996. RESULTS: The overall injury rate of upper extremity injuries was 14.8 per 1000 player-years; 70% occurred during games. Of the 861 injury types, 32% were contusions, 28% sprains or strains, and 27% fractures. Checking or other collisions with players caused 76% of the injuries to the shoulder (170 of 223), 55% of the injuries to the elbow (35 of 64), and 45% of the injuries to the distal extremity (213 of 473). Of the 561 injuries with known severity, 38% were major. The injury risk increased significantly with age, from players younger than 12 years to players 25 to 29 years of age. The injury profile among 15- to 19-year-old players was similar to that of adult players. CONCLUSIONS: Injuries to the upper extremity are relatively serious because of the high number of shoulder injuries and fractures. The frequency of injuries increased with age. A considerable proportion of upper extremity injuries was caused by body checking.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Prosthetic arthroplasty for fractures and fracture-dislocations of the proximal humerus.

During the period from 1970 through 1979, proximal humeral arthroplasty with prostheses of the Neer design was performed in 49 shoulders (48 patients) with complex acute or chronic fractures and fracture-dislocations of the proximal humerus. Follow-up evaluation included physical and roentgenographic examination at least two years after surgery for 43 of the 48 patients and averaged 38 months (range, 2-10 years). Of the 43 patients with adequate follow-up evaluation, 16 had acute and 27 (1 bilateral) had chronic fracture problems. Pain relief was satisfactory in all of the 16 shoulders with acute fractures and in 25 of the 28 shoulders with chronic fracture problems. Active abduction averaged 101 degrees in the acute fracture group (range, 35 degrees-160 degrees) and 112 degrees in the chronic fracture group (range, 20 degrees-180 degrees). Complications in shoulders with acute fractures were associated with problems in tuberosity and rotator cuff healing. Complications were more frequent in shoulders with chronic fractures and fracture-dislocations, and were generally related to surgical difficulty, extensive tissue scarring, and distortion of anatomy. The Neer prosthesis affords satisfactory pain relief for both acute and chronic complex fracture-dislocations of the proximal humerus, but the return of function is governed by the security of tuberosity-muscle cuff repair, sufficient protection after operation, and long-term physiotherapy. If possible, surgery should be performed early to avoid the scarring and inelasticity that engender complications and limit functional recovery in shoulders with chronic fractures.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Epidemiology and treatment of fractures in old age].

The frequency of fractures in the elderly has risen dramatically and will increase further in the future. This is partly a socio-economic problem and is familiar both to surgeons and to the general population. Fractures in such patients have clinical and pathomechanical implications, with unassociated conditions needing treatment. It is necessary to standardize treatment, including operative procedures, which can be performed in every hospital. The therapeutic measures available involve close cooperation between the surgeon, the geriatrician and ancillary workers. For some fractures in the elderly there are already operative procedures that ensure efficient rehabilitation and reintegration into society. Osteoporosis can make osteosynthesis problematic. Radiological measurements of bone density are of diagnostic rather than therapeutic value. Operative procedures and their effectiveness in common fractures in the elderly (hip, distal radius, shoulder) are discussed. It is stated that surgical treatment is very important in mastering this challenge, but other aspects, particularly ethical considerations, are paramount.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Primary management of comminuted humeral head fracture in the elderly patient with a humerus head prosthesis].

The purpose of this prospective study was to determine the early subjective and functional result and outcome after primary implantation of humeral endoprosthesis in severely comminuted humeral head fractures in elderly patients. From 1993 to 1995, 27 humeral head fractures (27 patients) were treated by primary implantation of a Neer II modular shoulder prosthesis. Of these, 23 patients were women, 4 patients were men. The average age of patients was 76 (48-91) years. Postoperatively, one shoulder had to be mobilized under general anesthesia. Of the 27 patients 21 could be clinically examined after 16 (3-29) months postoperatively; 4 patients had died in the meantime, 2 did not come to the control examination because of a great distance and because they were happy. The average Constant Score was 48 (25-76) points; the difference to the other shoulder was 30 (18-69) points. Of the 21 patients 19 were satisfied by the result and 20 would reaccept the same procedure. These preliminary results suggest that primary shoulder prosthesis in humeral head fractures in the elderly patient is a valuable alternative option.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mechanism of injury and morphology of the greater tuberosity fracture.

Only a few publications discuss the mechanism of injury and morphology of the greater tuberosity fracture. Often, it is described as an avulsion fracture of the rotator cuff. The exact pathobiomechanics is uncertain. We performed a retrospective study and evaluated the mechanism of injury, fracture morphology, and displacement in 103 patients over a 16-year period. Fifty-nine patients sustained a greater tuberosity fracture as part of a traumatic shoulder dislocation. In 44 cases, an isolated greater tuberosity fracture was diagnosed. Of the patients, 47.6% reported a direct mechanism of injury and 32% reported an indirect mechanism of injury. There was one abduction-external rotation injury thought to be the cause of the greater tuberosity fracture. Of the patients, 20.4% were unable to reconstruct the mechanism of injury. Radiologic evaluation revealed an inferior displacement of the fracture on the anteroposterior view in 25% of cases. Our data contradict the theory that this fracture is the result of a bony avulsion of the rotator cuff. Potential mechanisms of injury are discussed. We conclude that there has to be a specific mechanism of injury for greater tuberosity fractures. Further investigations would be beneficial.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Glenoid fracture nonunion presenting as instability in a young athlete.

A case of a teenage athlete with a 4-year history of shoulder pain caused by glenoid fracture nonunion is presented. This individual had findings consistent with traumatic anterior shoulder instability as well as normal radiographs. Arthroscopy showed a nondisplaced glenoid fracture that was stabilized successfully through a deltopectoral approach.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Shoulder dystocia--risk factors and fetal outcome].

The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate the perinatal outcome in cases with birth injuries, suggesting shoulder dystocia. This survey involves 92 cases of live newborns (gestational age between 37 and 42 weeks) with shoulder injuries. Another control group of 120 cases of live mature newborns without any shoulder injuries is studied for comparison. There are no significant differentialities between those two groups, regarding age, parity, weight and height of the parturients. Shoulder dystocia is most frequently found in newborns of 3500-4000 g birthweight. Antepartum, risk factors for shoulder dystocia are: diabetes, obesity of the mother and chronological postterm pregnancy. Intrapartum, the evaluated risk factors prove to be unreliable because the same were found in as many as one half of the non-traumatic vaginal deliveries. In 27% of the cases, shoulder dystocia occurs most probably after the passage of the shoulder through the pelvic inlet. The most frequent type of shoulder injury is fracture of the clavicle (90.2%), followed by paresis of the brachial plexus (7.6%). Severe shoulder dystocia both from obstetrical and neonatological point of view is found in 2-3% of the cases.

Adult↗