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Method R estimates of additive genetic, dominance genetic, and permanent environmental fraction of variance for yield and health traits of Holsteins.

Fractions of variance accounted for by additive genetic, dominance genetic, and permanent environmental effects for milk, fat, and protein yields; somatic cell score; and productive life were estimated from Holstein data used for national genetic evaluations. Contemporary group assignments were determined using the national procedure. Data included 1,973,317 milk and fat records for 812,659 cows, 1,019,421 protein records for 462,067 cows, 468,374 lactation average somatic cell score (SCS) records for 232,909 cows, and 735,256 cows with productive-life records. Variance components were estimated with the JAADOM program, which uses iteration on data and second-order Jacobi iteration for obtaining solutions to the mixed-model equations and Method R for estimation of variance components. Ten different random data subsets were used to estimate parameters for each trait. Estimated additive genetic, dominance genetic, and permanent environmental fractions of variance were 0.34, 0.05, and 0.10 for milk yield; 0.34, 0.05, and 0.11 for fat yield; 0.31, 0.05, and 0.10 for protein yield; and 0.17, 0.01, and 0.16 for lactation average SCS. Estimated additive genetic and dominance genetic fractions of variance were 0.12 and 0.06 for productive life. Mean empirical standard errors of additive genetic, dominance genetic, and permanent environmental variance fractions were 0.003, 0.006, and 0.006.

Animals↗

Genetic parameters of estimated net energy efficiencies for milk production, maintenance, and body weight change in dairy cows.

Net efficiencies of converting intake energy into energy for maintenance, milk production, and body weight change in a lactation were estimated for each of 79 Holstein cows by a two-stage multiple regression model. Cows were from 16 paternal half-sib families, which each had members in at least two of the six herds. Each cow was recorded for milk yield, net energy intake, and three efficiency traits. These were analyzed in a multitrait model containing the same 14 fixed subclasses of herd by season by parity and a random factor of sires for each of the five traits. Restricted maximum likelihood estimates of sire and residual (co)variance components were obtained by an expectation maximization algorithm with canonical transformations. Between milk yield and net energy intake, net energy efficiencies for milk yield, maintenance, and body weight change, the estimated phenotypic correlations were .36, -.02, .08, and -.06, while the genetic correlations were .92, .56, .02, and -.32, respectively. Both genetic and phenotypic correlations were zero between net energy efficiency of maintenance and that of milk yield and .17 between net energy efficiency of body weight change and that of milk yield. The estimated genetic correlation between net efficiency for lactation and milk yield is approximately 60% of that between gross efficiency and milk yield. With a heritability of .32 equivalent.49, net energy efficiency for milk yield may be worth consideration for genetic selection in certain dairy cattle populations.

Animals↗

[Morning rise of systolic blood pressure (by 24-hour ambulatory monitoring) and platelet aggregability in essential hypertension patients].

AIM: To investigate the relationship between platelet aggregability (PA) and parameters of blood pressure (BP) in patients with essential hypertension (EH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 24-h BP recordings (SL-90207, 15-min day and 30 min night time intervals) of 47 hospitalized males with mild to moderate EH (mean age 48 +/- 1 years) to assess the following parameters: mean 24-h, awake (Aw) and nighttime (N) systolic (S) and diastolic (D) BP. We assessed the morning rise (MR) of BP using the new index: a relative morning rise of systolic BP-RMRSBP--(max value of SBP from 6 am to 12 am/mean asleep SBP) x 100%. The kinetics of mean aggregate size (MAS) changes was studied with aggregation analyzer model (230LA Biola Ltd., Russia). The following parameters were used for estimation of platelet aggregability: a relative increase in MAS 2 min after beginning of sample stirring--for spontaneous aggregation (SPA) and the maximum increase in the light transmission for 0.5 microM ADP-induced aggregation (ADPI-PA). The patients were divided into two groups according to the median value of RMRSBP: group 1 (n = 25, RMRSBP < 121%) and group 2 (n = 22, RMRSBP > 121%). The differences in estimated parameters were tested by Student two tailed t-tests and presented by M +/- SE. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: No significant differences have been found between the groups by mean age, body mass index, duration of arterial hypertension, mean 24-h, awake DBP and SBP. Statistically significant differences have been found between groups by SPA, ADPI-PA, night SBP, night DBP, RMRSBP, RMRDBP. In group 2 there was a correlation between RMRSBP and SPA, but not in group 1. CONCLUSIONS: The morning rise of systolic BP is associated with an increase of ADP-induced and spontaneous platelet aggregability in the patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension and apparently that association is more pronounced at high values of morning BP (more than 20% from mean nocturnal values of SBP).

Adult↗

[Development and utilization of the integral system of computer monitoring in anesthesiology in clinical obstetrics and gynecology].

An original computer monitoring system for preoperative monitoring was developed at the department of anesthesiology and intensive care of the Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. The system includes a bedside monitor Athena (S&W + Artema, Denmark) and two special monitors ABM-100 (Datex, Finland) and NCCOM (Bomed, USA). The potentialities of the system are discussed; physiological parameters were monitored and estimated in the real time mode. Variants of graphic interface of the system are presented, including an original multisystem integral nomogram. Utilization of the system demonstrated the advantages of objective physiological information recorded by the system, a high informative values of integral estimated parameters in the real time mode. The use of the multisystem integral nomogram helps the anesthesiologist rapidly and unambiguously to interpret the clinical situation and essentially accelerates the decision-making on further treatment strategy. The work with the system does not require any special knowledge and skills, the system is simple and easy in use.

Anesthesia, Obstetrical↗

[Guidelines to estimating the parameters of oxidative stress upon exposure to man-made environmental factors].

The authors developed new methods for non-invasive diagnosis of the body's antioxidative balance, by using the kinetic characteristics of spontaneous and induced luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of an expirate. Comparative studies revealed a higher risk of diminished antioxidative protection for younger groups of the population; the total negative influence of techogenic effects and unbalanced nutrition is significant. Normalization of an antioxidative process as one of the mechanisms of formation of the body's non-specific resistance was observed in 90% of cases during medicobiological monitoring.

Environmental Exposure↗

Analysis of covariance in parallel-group clinical trials with pretreatment baselines.

Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) techniques are often employed in the analysis of clinical trials to try to account for the effects of varying pretreatment baseline values of an outcome variable on posttreatment measurements of the same variable. Baseline measurements of outcome variables are typically random variables, which violates the usual ANCOVA assumption that covariate values are fixed. Therefore, the usual ANCOVA hypothesis tests of treatment effects may be invalid, and the ANCOVA slope parameter estimator biased, for this application. We show, however, that if the pretreatment - posttreatment measurements have a bivariate normal distribution, then (i) the ANCOVA model with residual error independent of the covariate is a valid expression of the relationship between pretreatment and posttreatment measurements; (ii) the usual (fixed-covariate analysis) ANCOVA estimates of the slope parameter and treatment effect contrasts are unbiased; and (iii) the usual ANCOVA treatment effect contrast t-tests are valid significance tests for treatment effects. Moreover, as long as the magnitudes of the treatment effects do not depend on the "true" pretreatment value of the outcome variable, the true slope parameter must lie in the interval (0, 1) and the ANCOVA model has a clear interpretation as an adjustment (based on between- and within-subject variability) to an analysis of variance model applied to the posttreatment-pretreatment differences.

Analysis of Variance↗