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At least 1,531 records · Page 85Linked to original sources

PubMed1998

[Comparative study of tetracycline-estrone and estrone effects on bone histomorphometric parameters in ovariectomized rats].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of tetracycline-estrone (TE) and estrone (E) on bone histomorphometric parameters of femoral distal diaphysis in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. METHODS: Twenty female rats were randomly allocated into four groups, 5 rats in each: tetracycline-estrone (TE), estrone (E), OVX and sham operation (S). The OVX rats were used as a model for osteoporosis. After being fed with TE or E for 13 weeks, all rats were sacrificed. The effects of TE and E on bone microarchitecture and dynamics were studied by bone histomorphometry. RESULTS: The histomorphometric data showed that the connectivity of trabecular bone in TE and E groups was significantly improved in comparision with that in S group (P < 0.05). The dynamic data indicated that in TE and E group, the tetracycline labelled and osteoid surfaces were remarkably increased in comparision with those in OVX group, especially the data in TE group were significantly higher than those in E group and other two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The connectivity of trabecular bone could be significantly improved by both TE and E. The activation frequency seemed to be higher in TE group than that in E group.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Effect of fenoldopam on ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis.

Recently we demonstrated the effect of fenoldopam on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced NFkappaB mediated pro-inflammatory signal transduction. However, the effect of fenoldopam on I/R-induced apoptosis is not known. We utilized a rat model of acute ischemic nephropathy to test the hypothesis that fenoldopam attenuates I/R-induced apoptosis. Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal administration of 50 mg/kg urethane and randomly allocated into 4 groups (n=6 each): (1) sham-operated, (2) sham operation with infusion of 0.1 microg/kg/min fenoldopam, (3) unilateral renal ischemia followed by 4 h of reperfusion, and (4) I/R with fenoldopam infusion. Kidney samples were fixed and paraffin-embedded to measure apoptosis. Data were compared between groups using ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. RNA was extracted from each left kidney to probe cDNA microarray and measure gene expression as percent of positive control. Compared to the control group, I/R significantly (P < 0.001) induced apoptosis in both the cortex and medulla. Similarly, microarray analysis revealed that IR induced 73 apoptosis-related genes. Treatment with fenoldopam significantly reduced (P < 0.001) I/R-induced apoptosis both in the cortex and medulla and attenuated all 73 I/R-induced apoptosis-related genes. Data from this rat model of ischemic nephropathy suggest that fenoldopam may attenuate I/R-induced apoptosis and apoptosis-related gene transcription.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1993

Amelioration of post-ischemic lung reperfusion injury by prostaglandin E1.

To reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury, a number of clinical lung transplant programs employ prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) or prostacyclin (PGI2) before donor lung flush and harvest. The effect of prostaglandins on the reperfusion component of this ischemia-reperfusion complex is unknown. We investigated the effect of PGE1 given only during the period of reperfusion, on ischemic lung injury in an in situ rabbit model. To examine the mechanisms involved, we measured pulmonary hemodynamics as well as myeloperoxidase, circulating platelet, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) values. Two hours of warm ischemia of the left lung was produced in anesthetized New Zealand white rabbits. The animals were randomly allocated into four groups based on treatment received only during reperfusion: PGE1, PGI2, nitroprusside (NP), or no treatment (controls). After 2 h of reperfusion, PaO2 in the PGE1 group was significantly higher (423 +/- 52.7 mm Hg) than in all other groups (PGI2, 239 +/- 43.4, p < 0.05; NP, 146 +/- 14.2 p < 0.01; controls, 74 +/- 19.1 mm Hg, p < 0.01), despite similar pulmonary vascular resistance in the PGE1 and NP groups. Although lower than in the PGE1 group, PaO2 in the PGI2 group was still significantly higher than that in controls. Wet/dry lung weight ratios were significantly lower in the PGE1 and PGI2 groups (6.5 +/- 0.2 [p < 0.01] and 6.9 +/- 0.6 [p < 0.05], respectively, versus 8.2 +/- 0.1 in controls). There were no significant differences in plasma TNF levels, platelet sequestration across the lungs, or lung myeloperoxidase activity in the four groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alprostadil↗

PubMed2006

Neuroprotective effect of etomidate on functional recovery in experimental spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVE: Primary impact to the spinal cord causes rapid oxidative stress after injury. To protect neural tissue, it is important to prevent secondary pathophysiological mechanisms. Etomidate, a strong antiexcitotoxic agent, stimulates the gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. The purpose of this study was to investigate neurobehavioral and histological recovery and to evaluate the biochemical responses to treatment of experimental spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats with etomidate or methylprednisolone (MP) or both etomidate and MP. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy-two rats were randomly allocated into six groups: a control group (laminectomy alone), a trauma group (laminectomy+trauma), a methylprednisolone group (30 mg/kg MP), an etomidate group (2 mg/kg), a methylprednisolone and etomidate combined treatment group (30 mg/kg MP and 2 mg/kg etomidate) and a vehicle group. Six rats from each group were killed at the 24th hour after the injury. Malondialdehyde, glutathione, nitric oxide and xanthine oxidase levels were measured. Neurological functions of the remaining rats were recorded weekly. Six weeks after injury, all of those rats were killed for histopathological assessment. RESULTS: Etomidate treatment revealed similar neurobehavioral and histopathological recovery to MP treatment 6 weeks after injury. Combined treatment did not provide additional neuroprotection. CONCLUSION: Etomidate treatment immediately after spinal cord injury has similar neuroprotection to MP. In spite of different neuroprotection mechanisms, combined treatment with MP and etomidate does not provide extra protection.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

High carbohydrate-high fibre diets in poorly controlled diabetes.

Fifteen non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with persistently elevated blood glucoses despite high doses of oral hypoglycaemic agents, were randomly allocated to a high carbohydrate-high fibre diet (HC) or a reinforced low carbohydrate diet (LC). After six weeks the diets were reversed for a similar period. Immediately preceding the study and at the end of each dietary period 24-h biochemical profiles were performed. In the 11 patients who completed the study, fasting and preprandial glucose, percentage glycosylated haemoglobin, VLDL cholesterol and mean 24-h triglycerides were significantly lower on HC than on LC or during the initial profile on their usual diet. There was no significant difference in any of the measurements on LC compared with the usual diet. Previous studies of high carbohydrate-high fibre diets in diabetes have been carried out in relatively well-controlled patients. These data show that poorly controlled non-insulin-dependent patients have an even more striking response.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

[Effect of BST on synapse protein SYT and SYN in the hippocampus of chronic stress depression in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of Baisong tablets (BST) on synapse protein synatotagmin (SYT) and synaptophysin (SYN) of hippocampus in chronic stress depression in rats. METHODS: Twenty eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups: a normal control group,a model group,a fluoxetine (FXT) group and a BST group. The normal control rats were fed in a natural environment. Rats of the model, FXT and BST groups were singly housed and given an chronic unpredicted sequence of mild stressors. The distribution and expression differences of SYT and SYN in the hippocampus of rats in different groups were investigated with in situ hybridization and immunoblotting. RESULTS: Expressions of SYT and SYN in the hippocampus of model rats were significantly reduced, compared with that of the normal control (P<0.05); and the expressions of SYT and SYN were significantly increased in the hippocampus of the FXT and BST groups, compared with that of the model group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The expressions of SYT and SYN protein and their mRNA decrease in the hippocampus of stress-model rats. BST can up-regulate their expression.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Procedures for preventing transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus (O/TAW/97) by people.

The aim of this study was to determine personal hygiene protocols and animal avoidance periods needed to prevent transmission of FMDV (O/TAW/97). Forty-six, 9-week-old barrows free of FMDV were randomly allocated to five treatment groups and a control group. Investigators contacted and sampled FMDV-inoculated pigs for approximately 40 min and then contacted and sampled sentinel pigs after using no biosecurity procedures, washing hands and donning clean outerwear, or showering and donning clean outerwear. Personnel were sampled for nasal carriage of FMDV for 85.43 h. Contaminated personnel did not transmit FMDV to susceptible pigs after handwashing or showering, and donning clean outerwear. FMDV was transmitted when biosecurity procedures were not used. FMDV was not detected in nasal secretions of investigators. Thus, extended animal avoidance periods do not appear to be necessary to prevent transmission of FMDV (O/TAW/97) by people to pigs when organic material is removed through handwashing/showering and donning clean outerwear. This study supports similar findings in a previous publication using FMDV (O/UK/35/2001).

Animal Husbandry↗

PubMed1991

The influence of various calcium and phosphorus levels on tibia strength and eggshell quality of pullets during peak production.

One thousand and eighty DeKalb XL pullets were randomly allocated to nine treatments and arranged in a 3 x 3 factorial to determine the effects of three levels of dietary calcium (2.75, 3.75, and 4.25%) and three levels of dietary available phosphorus (.30, .40, and .50%) on eggshell quality and tibia weight, tibia breaking strength, tibia ash, and bone mineral content of pullets during peak production. Feed consumption increased as dietary calcium or phosphorus increased. Increasing dietary calcium caused a significant linear increase in egg specific gravity, but dietary phosphorus had no significant effect on egg specific gravity. Calcium and phosphorus levels did not significantly affect egg production, body weight, plasma chloride, or phosphorus. Ionized calcium increased significantly as dietary calcium increased. Tibia breaking strength, tibia weight, tibia ash, and bone mineral content increased significantly with increasing dietary calcium. Dietary phosphorus had no significant effect on these parameters. However, when 2.75% calcium was fed, reducing dietary phosphorus significantly decreased tibia weight, tibia ash, and bone mineral content.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Influence of zinc-oxide eugenol, formocresol, and ferric sulfate on bond strength of dentin adhesives to primary teeth.

This study evaluated in vitro the influence of a temporary filling {zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE)} and two pulpotomy agents {formocresol (FC) and ferric sulfate (FS)} on shear bond strength (SBS) of two dentin adhesives to the dentin of primary molars. A total of 80 dentin surfaces were prepared and randomly allocated into 10 groups of 8 specimens each. Groups were subjected to different treatments, which included covering with a paste of ZOE mixed at different powder:liquid (P:L) ratios, placement on a gauze soaked in FC or FS, or they received no pretreatment and served as a control. XRV Herculite composite cylinders were bonded to dentin surfaces using Prime and Bond NT adhesive resin or Opti Bond Solo Plus adhesive resin. SBSs were determined using the lnstron testing machine running at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The use of ZOE mixed at the lower P:L ratio of 10g:2g significantly decreased the values of SBS of the two adhesives. The use of two pulpotomy agents (FC and FS) significantly decreased the SBS of the two adhesives. The bond strength to dentin of primary teeth was influenced by the pulpotomy agents used and the ZOE P:L ratio but not by the adhesive system used.

Dental Bonding↗

PubMed1990

Intraoperative hemodynamics in liver transplantation comparing orthotopic with heterotopic transplantation in the pig.

The intraoperative hemodynamic changes and several graft function parameters were studied comparing orthotopic liver transplantation with auxiliary partial liver transplantation (APLT) in the pig. Thirty-one Yorkshire pigs (ca. 25 kg b.w.) were randomly allocated to OLT (n = 16) or APLT (n = 15). During the construction of portal anastomosis the median cardiac output dropped to 67% of the initial value in OLT and to 49% in APLT (P less than 0.02). Median duration of the portal flow interruption was shorter in APLT: 15 min versus 48 min in OLT (P less than 0.002). After unclamping of the aorta, the median systolic blood pressure dropped to 75 mmHg in OLT and to 90 mmHg in APLT (P less than 0.02). APLT is less time-consuming: median duration of transplantation was 128 min versus 165 min in OLT (P less than 0.002). SGOT levels were lower in APLT than in OLT (median SGOT on the first postoperative day 67 was IU/L versus 177 IU/L, P less than 0.002). It is concluded that APLT is a shorter procedure than OLT with a shorter portal flow interruption, being less offensive to the recipient.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Dietary fat intake and blood pressure: a double blind controlled trial of changing polyunsaturated to saturated fat ratio.

The effect on blood pressure of elevating the dietary polyunsaturated/saturated fat (P/S) ratio was assessed in a double-blind, randomized control trial. Fifty-four healthy, normotensive volunteers aged between 20 and 59 years were randomly allocated either to a control group who ate a low P/S ratio diet throughout, or to one of two experimental groups who ate a high P/S ratio diet for one of two six-week experimental periods. Other nutrient changes were avoided. Twenty-four-hour diet records showed substantial changes in the P/S ratio when on the high P/S ratio diet, and no change in the control group or either experimental group when on the low P/S ratio diet. Relative concentrations of linoleic acid in plasma and cheek cell phospholipids were significantly increased when on the high P/S ratio diet. Changes in blood pressure, before and after adjustment for other possible confounding factors, were not related to changes in P/S ratio. It was concluded that an increase in P/S ratio per se cannot account for the previously reported blood pressure lowering effect of a vegetarian diet.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Performance of draught cattle in communal farming areas in Zimbabwe after dry season supplementation.

Sixty-four pairs of oxen owned by smallholders were randomly allocated to one of 3 supplementary treatments offered at one kg per head per day from July to October or to a control where no supplement was offered. The supplements were maize stover plus silverleaf hay (2:1 w/w), urea-treated maize stover (50 g urea/kg stover) and plain maize stover. Animals fed plain maize stover or no supplement lost weight (6 to 7% of initial weight), whilst those fed the other 2 supplements maintained their liveweights. Supplementation reduced time spent on feeding activities by 10 per cent. Animals fed on urea-treated maize stover or maize stover plus silverleaf hay ploughed at speeds that were 29% faster than oxen on the other treatments and covered 45% more area. Blood parameters indicated a general deficiency of nitrogen intake throughout the dry season. It was concluded that supplements of good quality have the potential to improve the working ability of communal area oxen.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗

PubMed2001

Beta-blockade with nebivolol enhances the acetylcholine-induced cutaneous vasodilation.

Nebivolol is a selective beta(1)-adrenoceptor blocker that has a vasorelaxant activity thought to be the result of a facilitation of the release of nitric oxide from the endothelium. This study was undertaken in 12 healthy male volunteers to assess whether this compound increases the vasodilatory response to acetylcholine when administered orally at a dose commonly recommended for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The subjects were randomly allocated to an 8-day treatment with nebivolol (5 mg once a day) and atenolol (50 mg once a day) according to a cross-over design. The two treatments were separated by a 1-week washout period. On the first and the last day of each treatment phase, both before drug administration and 3 hours after drug administration, the forearm skin blood flow response to acetylcholine applied by iontophoresis was determined with the use of a laser Doppler scanner imaging system. The reactivity to acetylcholine was significantly increased 3 hours after the administration of nebivolol on both the first and the last day of treatment, whereas atenolol had no effect on this parameter. These data therefore indicate that nebivolol, but not atenolol, enhances the vasorelaxant activity of acetylcholine in the skin vascular bed; this is compatible with a facilitation by this beta-blocker of the endothelium-dependent vasodilation.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1995

Effect of copper depletion and repletion on lymphocyte blastogenesis and neutrophil bactericidal function in beef heifers.

Thirty-two beef heifers were used to examine the effect of dietary copper depletion and repletion on neutrophil and lymphocyte functions. Heifers allotted to the control group (C+; n = 8) were fed a basal roughage/concentrate diet with Cu-sulfate supplementation (Cu > or = 8 ppm). To induce a Cu deficiency (depletion phase d 0 to 60), treated (T; n = 24) heifers received a diet supplemented with sulfur (.3% of diet) and sodium molybdate to achieve a Cu:Mo ratio of 1:1.5. Liver biopsies were collected on d 0, 27, and 60. Despite random allocation, T heifers had lower initial liver Cu concentrations (P < .01) than C+ heifers. At the start of the repletion phase (d 0, equal to d 60 of depletion), treated heifers were allotted by liver Cu concentration to three treatments (n = 8/treatment): Cu sulfate (S; Cu = 10 ppm), Cu proteinate (P; Cu = 10 ppm), or a negative control (C-) that remained on Mo and S supplementation. During the repletion phase, livers were biopsied on d 0, 14, and 45. By d 45, both S and P heifers had greater (P < .05) liver Cu concentrations than C- heifers. For both depletion and repletion phases, no treatment differences were detected in liver Mo or S concentrations. Jugular blood was collected on d 0, 27, and 55 of the depletion phase and d 0, 13, and 42 of the repletion phase. Neutrophils were isolated and incubated with Staphylococcus aureus to determine neutrophil bactericidal capacity (NBC).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Effect of fibrin sealant on perianastomotic tumor growth in an experimental model of colorectal cancer surgery.

Viable intraluminal tumor cells can penetrate a clinically intact rodent colonic anastomosis and give rise to perianastomotic tumor growth. The aim of this study was to determine whether transanastomotic cell migration can be prevented by fibrin-based tissue sealant. Following distal colonic transection and reanastomosis with 5/0 silk sutures, Fischer F344 rats were randomly allocated to three experimental groups. In Group A, a circumferential ring of tissue sealant was placed around the serosal surface of the anastomosis; in Group B, sealant was limited to 50 percent of the anastomotic circumference; and, in Group C, no sealant was applied. All rats then had 10(5) Mtln3 carcinoma cells injected into the proximal colonic lumen via a rectal catheter. The incidence of perianastomotic tumor at 21 days was significantly lower in Group A (3 of 14 animals) than in Group B (11 of 16 rats) (P = 0.012; Fisher's exact test) or Group C (10 of 14 rats; P = 0.011). A further experiment demonstrated that sealant did not protect the anastomosis when tumor cells were instilled directly into the peritoneal cavity. A topical carcinocidal action therefore appears unlikely, but our results suggest that a circumferential anastomotic ring of fibrin sealant forms an effective mechanical barrier preventing intraluminal tumor cells from reaching the peritoneal cavity.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2004

A prospective, randomized, blind comparison between saline, calcium gluconate and diphoterine for washing skin acid injuries in rats: effects on substance P and beta-endorphin release.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A randomized, blind study to evaluate the effects on beta-endorphin and substance P release after washing acid burns with 0.9% saline, calcium gluconate or diphoterine in a model of chemical burn in rats. METHODS: Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats (approximate weight 250 g) were anaesthetized with ketamine (30 mg kg(-1) intramuscularly) and then given an acid injury on the back skin with 0.5 mL of hydrochloric acid 52%. The rats were then randomly allocated to receive no washing (control group, n = 5), washing with normal saline (0.9% NaCl) (n = 5), 10% calcium gluconate (n = 5) or diphoterine (n = 5). Blood concentrations of substance P and beta-endorphin were measured 6 h, 48 h and 7 days after the chemical burn. An independent blinded observer evaluated wound healing at the 7th day. RESULTS: Seven days after burn wound healing was almost complete only in rats treated with diphoterine. Plasma concentrations of substance P were lower in rats receiving skin flushing with diphoterine compared to the other groups at 6 and 48 h after acid burn (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively); this was also associated with higher concentrations of beta-endorphin at day 7 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Skin flushing with diphoterine reduced substance P release during the first 48 h after burn, and was associated with better wound healing and higher concentrations of beta-endorphin 7 days later when compared with normal saline or 10% calcium gluconate.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Efficacy of moxidectin pour-on against gastrointestinal nematodes and Dictyocaulus viviparus in cattle.

Twenty crossbred beef heifer calves were used for an efficacy evaluation of 0.5% moxidectin pour-on against gastrointestinal nematodes and Dictyocaulus viviparus. The latter parasite and Bunostomum phlebotomum were the target species. The calves were exposed to natural infection on pasture from late September to December 22. Additionally, all calves were experimentally infected with B. phlebotomum at 71 and 29 days before treatment and with D. viviparus at 29 days before treatment. The 20 calves were randomly allocated into two groups of ten, based on presence of patent lungworm and hookworm infections on days -6 and -1. Treatments were as follows: Group A, moxidectin 0.5% pour-on (PO) at 500 micrograms kg-1 BW; Group B, moxidectin vehicle (controls) by PO application. General strongyle and hookworm egg counts and lungworm larval counts were reduced to zero at 13 days after moxidectin treatment; treatment effect was significant (P < 0.05) only for the strongyle and hookworm counts. Percentage reduction for adult hookworms and mature-immature adult lungworms was 100.0 and also for adults and L4 Haemonchus placei and Ostertagia ostertagi and Trichostrongylus axei adults, adult males of Cooperia pectinata and C. spatulata, and Oesophagostomum radiatum adults. Efficacy values for C. punctata adult males, Cooperia spp. adult females, and Cooperia spp. L4 were > 99.9%, > 99.9%, and 92.4%, respectively. All efficacy values were significant (alpha = 0.05, 1-sided) except for Cooperia spp. L4.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed2002

Tropical application of halcinonide cream reduces the severity and incidence of intraperitoneal adhesions in a rat model.

BACKGROUND: Systemic or intraperitoneal administration of corticosteroids has been reported to have conflicting effects on the prevention of peritoneal adhesions. Painting corticosteroid cream directly on the likely site of adhesion formation, owing to its high concentrations and persistent effects, may be a promising approach to prevent peritoneal adhesion formation. METHODS: Adhesions were induced by abrading of the cecum, followed by dropping of 95% ethanol. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly allocated to two control groups with no further treatment of the cecum and to two therapy groups treated with 0.1% halcinonide cream painted directly on the damaged surface of the cecum. After 3 and 7 days, adhesion scores, adhesion incidence, and intraperitoneal leukocytes were evaluated. RESULTS: On both postoperative days 3 and 7, halcinonide cream resulted in a significant decrease in mean adhesion scores (6.80 versus 0.67, 10.40 versus 1.26; P <0.001, P <0.001, respectively). The adhesion incidence was 43.3% for the therapy groups and 100% for controls (P <0.01). On day 3, the total numbers of intraperitoneal leukocytes were 120.73 +/- 24.01 millions for the therapy groups and 270.40 +/- 34.68 for controls (P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Painting halcinonide cream directly on the damaged surface of the cecum could effectively reduce the severity and incidence of adhesion, possibly by suppression of early inflammatory exudate and of late fibroblast invasion and proliferation.

Abdomen↗