PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Chlorophenols”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,549 records · Page 86Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Chlorinated phenoxyacetic acid derivatives and tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in foliage after application of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid esters.

Six reforestation areas were sprayed with 2,4,5-T esters. Leaf samples from the areas were analyzed for the esters, tetrachlorodioxin, and dehalogenated phenoxyacetic acid esters. Tetrachlorodioxin was found in one leaf sample only, but the level found, relative to the amount of 2,4,5-T ester found, was lower than in the formulation material used in the study. The concentration of the dichlorophenoxyacetic acid esters present in several leaf samples was greater, relative to the 2,4,5-T ester, which indicated a photochemical breakdown of the 2,4,5-T in the environment.

2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of pentachlorophenol and other chemical preservatives on the health of wood-treating workers in Hawaii.

The morbidity and mortality of workers occupationally exposed to wood treating chemicals used in Hawaii for the years 1960 to 1981 were evaluated. The specific chemical exposures investigated were CCA (chromated copper-arsenate), TBTO (tributyl tin oxide) and PCP (pentachlorophenol). Results of detailed medical histories, laboratory and physiological tests, and physical examinations of 88 wood treaters were compared with those of 58 matched controls. The occupationally exposed cases had a significantly higher mean level of urinary PCP as compared to the controls (mean of 174 ppb vs. 35 ppb, micrograms/kg). There were no significant differences between the groups for the other urinary pesticide residues. The medical histories and physical examinations revealed no significant variations between the wood treaters and the comparison group. Review of all organ systems and laboratory data showed no clinically significant differences between exposed and nonexposed cohorts, although elevated hepatic enzymes in both groups merit further study. The results indicated no adverse health effects or increased incidence of mortality resulting from exposure to wood preservative chemicals in wood treaters who had worked in the industry for 0.33 to 26.3 years with a median of 6.5 years. Only 6 deaths were reported, 5 of cardiovascular disease, one of cause undetermined and none of cancer. Total number of deaths were less than the 8 anticipated for this age group.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of a 14-day static renewal toxicity test with Daphnia magna straus.

Two replicate 14-day static renewal chronic toxicity tests were conducted with Daphnia magna Straus for each of three test chemicals (boric acid, aniline, and 2,4-dichlorophenol). These tests were conducted at 24 +/- 2 degrees C. The objective of this study was the comparison of the 14-day test results with chronic values derived for the same chemicals from 21-day studies (20 degrees C). It was hypothesized that the comparison of the chronic data resulting from the two test regimes would support the shortening of the standard 21-day exposure period and reduce the cost of these labor intensive studies. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The 14-day test met the 21-day chronic test acceptability criteria in terms of control data associated with the mean number of broods/adult, mean total young/adult, mean brood size and survival. 2. A comparison of the results shows the similarity of the chronic values generated from the 14 and 21-day tests. In all cases, the chemical specific chronic values were within a factor of 2. The chronic values for 2,4-dichlorophenol generated from the two test regimens were virtually identical (i.e., 14-day--1.1 and 1.2 mg/L; 21-day--1.1 mg/L). 3. The comparison of the chronic values resulting from the 14 and 21-day tests supports the use of the 14-day exposure period. A shorter exposure period will help reduce the cost of these labor intensive studies without compromising their scientific integrity.

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of known and suspected pheromonal constituents in males of African ticks, Amblyomma hebraeum Koch and Amblyomma variegatum (Fabricius).

Three low molecular weight compounds were found in hexane:diethyl ether extracts of fed males of the African ticks, Amblyomma variegatum (tropical bont tick) and A. hebraeum (bont tick), namely, o-nitrophenol, methyl salicylate and 2,6-dichlorophenol. These same compounds were also fond in a rinse of fed A. variegatum males, but were absent or present in only trace amounts in a rinse of fed A. hebraeum males, o-Nitrophenol and methyl salicylate were present in much higher concentrations (i.e., amounts/tick) in A. variegatum than in A. hebraeum. 2,6-Dichlorophenol was also more abundant in A. variegatum than in A. hebraeum, but the differences were not as great as with the former two compounds. Extraction in hexane over a 3-week period revealed four additional compounds, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, benzothiazole and nonanoic acid. The first three compounds were found in males of both species; nonanoic acid was found only in A. hebraeum males. Published reports consistently show strong attraction by o-nitrophenol and methyl salicylate for both sexes of the two bont tick species; 2,6-dichlorophenol and benzaldehyde have been reported to be attractive to both sexes of A. hebraeum. The possible roles of these compounds, as well as others occasionally reported from A. hebraeum and A. variegatum, as components of the aggregation/attachment pheromone or other pheromones is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Toxicity test procedures for Hyalella azteca, and chronic toxicity of cadmium and pentachlorophenol to H. azteca, Gammarus fasciatus, and Daphnia magna.

Survival, growth, and reproduction of Hyalella azteca were determined under various test conditions. Reproduction by a cohort begins when the amphipods are 5 to 6 weeks old, peaks at 8 to 12 weeks, and then declines due to continuing adult mortality. Full life-cycle tests can be completed in 12 to 14 weeks at 25 degrees C. Reproduction is poor when only artificial plastic substrate is provided. A substrate of cotton gauze results in dramatic improvements in both reproduction and growth. Better reproduction can be obtained by culturing the amphipods in some sediments, but this makes weekly enumeration difficult. Increased mortality during chronic exposure to cadmium was observed at 1 microgram/L for H. azteca and 3.2 micrograms/L for Gammarus fasciatus. Reproduction during longer exposure was not reduced at concentrations lower than those causing increased mortality within six weeks. Chronic toxicity of pentachlorophenol was observed at 100 micrograms/L for both species. Chronic toxicity to Daphnia magna was similar to that of the amphipods for cadmium, but lower for pentachlorophenol. Amphipods are at least as sensitive as Daphnia to a variety of toxicants during chronic exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Studies to evaluate the effectiveness of sex pheromone-impregnated formulations for control of populations of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say) (Acari: Ixodidae).

The sex pheromone, 2,6-dichlorophenol, was combined with a pesticide to control populations of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say). This pheromone persisted in the fur of treated dogs for at least 18 days. The mixture of pheromone and pesticide was much more effective in reducing mating among the surviving ticks than the treatments without pheromone. The pheromone-pesticide mixture also killed significantly more ticks than the treatment without pheromone. This increased effectiveness was due almost entirely to the significantly greater kill of male ticks. Combining the sex pheromone with pesticide treatments offers a means of suppressing tick populations by curtailing their mating and subsequent reproductive success. The potential applications of this technique and the benefits to be expected are discussed.

Animals↗