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PubMed2006

[Design of a cardiac monitoring system using mobile communications].

Telemedicine is gaining more and more momentum as a new approach for patients'surveillance. In many monitoring parameters, electrocardiography is the most important, especially for monitoring patients with serious cardiovascular diseases. They need to be monitored frequently in order to detect any deterioration. In this paper,we design a electrocardiographic telemetry system using General Packet Radio Service(GPRS). This design adds to traditional Holter capability of monitoring the patients'heart anywhere, anytime.

Electrocardiography, Ambulatory↗

PubMed1990

The impact of chewing sugarless gum on the acidogenicity of fast-food meals.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chewing sorbitol gum on plaque pH following the ingestion of acidogenic fast-food meals. Plaque pH response was monitored using an indwelling wire-telemetry system in five adult panelists. From a pilot study with 12 fast-food meals, the most acidogenic breakfast, lunch and dinner were selected for this study. In the first test, the fasted, resting plaque pH was recorded for 5 minutes; panelists ingested the selected meals for 10 minutes, rinsed thoroughly with 50 ml of tap water, and the pH response was monitored for the remainder of a 2-hour period. In the second test series, the same procedures were followed through the post-meal ingestion rinse. After the pH response to the meal was monitored for 5 minutes, the panelists chewed a sorbitol gum for 15 minutes in their usual manner and the panelists were encouraged to move the gum around their mouth, however, it appeared as if they favored the side of their mouth without the partial denture. The pH response was monitored for the balance of the 2-hour period. All panelists ate the test foods, with and without the chewing gum, according to a randomized-block test design. The results indicated that the use of sorbitol gum significantly raised the plaque pH, prevented the subsequent pH drops after the fast-food meal ingestion and reduced the pH curve area under 5.5.

Chewing Gum↗

PubMed1990

[Intraoral pH measurement by determination of acidogenic potentials of dietary materials].

The intra-oral production of acid by plaque bacteria from sucrose, glucose and sorbitol and test products with sugar substitutes as well was estimated by pH-telemetry which permits the digital registering and collection of data. A pH-drop was not observed when sorbitol or xylitol were offered as a substrate to the dental plaque. The small differences of intensity and duration of the telemetric estimated acid production by dental plaque due to the test products (with sucrose or sorbitol/glucose) exhibited different cariogenic challenge in the animal experiment and in the intra-oral cariogenicity test, but with high probability they have not any practical significance for the preventive dietetic recommendations.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Usefulness and limitation of clinical electroencephalography: from the clinical standpoint].

An electroencephalogram (EEG), is a visible record of the amplified electrical activity generated by the nerve cells of the brain. EEG has produced an abundance of useful information, though it shows only the activity of the immediately underlying cortex. From the beginning in the areas of convulsive disorder and tumor localization, electroencephalography has expanded to become useful not only in many organic brain disorders but also in many extracerebral conditions influencing the central nervous system (ie, metabolic, endocrine, and toxic). It has also shown some usefulness in sleep disorders. Sleep studies on humans are usually performed by using a polygraph to record three types of data: the EEG, the electrooculography (EOG), and the electromyogram (EMG). The EEG is the core measurement of polysomnography. Polysomnography is generally performed in diagnosing a variety of sleep disorders. Other measures used in polysomnography include: 1) Anterior tibialis EMG, 2) Nasal and oral flow, 3) Blood oxygen saturation, 4) Chest and abdominal movement, and 5) Electrocardiogram (EKG). Also different electronic apparatus and equipment for simultaneous and long-lasting observation and recording of varied physiological phenomena and behavioral manifestations (ie, video-electroencephalography with telemetry, topography, power spectrum) were used. However unless electroencephalography is organized and related to medicine and biology much of it will be disregarded and forgotten.

Brain↗

PubMed1989

Heart rate and endocrine responses to stress in adolescent male rhesus monkeys on Cayo Santiago.

Patterns of stress-responsiveness were studied in 19 adolescent male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) who are part of the free-ranging colony on Cayo Santiago, PR. Morphometric and blood samples were obtained as each male was captured and after holding overnight. Subject heart rate was recorded on Day 2, using surface EKG telemetry. Males showed marked individual differences in cardiac and endocrine profiles which were generally unrelated to their age, size or maternal rank. Heart rate patterns were correlated with several endocrine measures: males with low and variable heart rates showed lower cortisol, higher-prolactin and higher growth hormone levels on Day 2 relative to males with higher and less variable heart rates, and their testosterone levels increased rather than decreased. Males with low and variable heart rates appear to have an endocrine response profile that is less adversely affected by acute stress, and which may potentially give them a competitive advantage in social interactions.

Academies and Institutes↗

PubMed1989

Contact pressures from an instrumented hip endoprosthesis.

A pressure-measuring Moore-type endoprosthesis was implanted in a seventy-three-year-old patient who had sustained a displaced fracture of the femoral neck. The measurement and telemetry of contact pressures in the hip began in the operating room, and data were acquired periodically for more than thirty-six months. Unexpectedly high localized contact pressures between the acetabular cartilage and the prosthesis were recorded. Early in the period of recovery, activities such as using a bedpan or performing isometric exercise produced pressures that were close to those recorded during normal walking. The highest pressure, eighteen megapascals, was recorded one year postoperatively, while the patient was rising from a chair. High pressures occurred in the superior and posterior aspects of the acetabulum.

Acetabulum↗

PubMed1989

Arrhythmias after orthotopic cardiac transplantation. Prevalence and determinants during initial hospitalization and late follow-up.

The prevalence of arrhythmias after orthotopic cardiac transplantation in the era of cyclosporine immunosuppression is unknown. Accordingly, we analyzed telemetry data from the initial hospitalization period for 33 cardiac transplant procedures and from 100 hospital readmissions in 23 long-term survivors. Prevalence of arrhythmias was analyzed in relation to immunosuppressive regimen, occurrence of acute rejection, and other clinical and hemodynamic variables. Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias were recorded in 55% and 79% of patients during initial hospitalization and in 39% and 43% of long-term survivors, respectively. Compared with cyclosporine-treated patients, atrial (24% vs. 88%, p less than 0.001) and ventricular (65% vs. 94%, p = 0.085) arrhythmias during the initial hospitalization were more prevalent in patients receiving azathioprine. There was no difference in the prevalence of arrhythmias during initial hospitalization between patients experiencing acute rejection and those who did not. Potential associations between arrhythmia occurrence and a prolonged donor heart ischemic time (p = 0.022), elevated pulmonary arterial pressure (p = 0.01), and a lower ejection fraction (p = 0.009) were noted. These data suggest that arrhythmias occur in the majority of patients during the initial hospitalization for transplantation, even in those who never experience acute rejection. Ventricular arrhythmias are common in patients treated with either immunosuppressive regimen; however, atrial arrhythmias are less prevalent in patients receiving cyclosporine. Arrhythmias tend to occur in the setting of altered hemodynamics.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Cardiac evaluation during physical rehabilitation of the complex medical patient.

Many rehabilitation patients have cardiovascular disease as a primary or secondary diagnosis. Such patients require careful evaluation before institution of vigorous therapeutic exercise and activity regimens. However, conventional exercise tests are often inappropriate due to orthopedic, neurologic, or functional limitations. This article introduces a new method of cardiac assessment, called the Trendscriber Evaluation (TE). The TE uses the Trendscriber, a cardiac telemetry unit which provides a hard-copy single-lead electrocardiogram (SECG) printout and digital heart rate monitor. The TE was developed to assess SECG, hemodynamic, and symptomatic responses during preestablished submaximal levels of activity. Specially trained physical and occupational therapists conduct the evaluation, directing the patient and monitoring vital signs. Results are interpreted by a staff cardiologist. For two years this technique was evaluated for 100 patients in the form of a medical records review. Eighty-nine percent of the patients' TEs identified cardiac abnormalities with heart rhythms, hemodynamic response, or both. Arrhythmia activity not detected on the routine 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded in 49.5% of the TEs performed. Fifty-seven percent of the records revealed activity-related ventricular ectopic activity. Data uncovered by the TE resulted in alteration of medical and/or rehabilitation therapy in 63% of the patients. The review suggests that the TE is a valuable tool in identifying problems related to cardiovascular performance and in providing the health care team with information important for patient management.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗

PubMed1988

[Variability of arrhythmias and symptoms--their effect on long-term ECG analysis].

The variability of variables influences conclusions in the measurement of biologic variables particularly if the variability of methodological variables are unidentified or of unknown range. Therefore prior the interpretation of Holter-results the interobserver variability of measured parameters (e. g. arrhythmias) and the system-dependent variables (e. g. reproducibility) have to be recognized. Measuring biologic variables like arrhythmias or symptoms using the Holter method the spontaneous variability of infrequent occurring phenomena has to be taken into account and also their relationship to the recording duration: Infrequent occurring phenomena demonstrate an enormous variability, which could be reduced by lengthening the recording duration beyond 24 hours, especially in the evaluation of an antiarrhythmic therapy to avoid a mimicked therapeutic effect. In symptomatic patients their symptoms can be related to arrhythmias or not if an ECG will be recorded during a typical symptomatic period. This depends on the frequency and on the duration of the symptoms, so that other methods than Holter-monitoring should be considered like event-recording, ECG-telephone-telemetry or electrophysiological investigations. In summary the variability of phenomena captured by the Holter method (e. g. arrhythmias, symptoms) is a major factor, which has to be taken into account to avoid unsatisfactorial use of the Holter method.

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents↗

PubMed1987

Disarticulation of the knee in children. A functional assessment.

We assessed the functional abilities of six patients who had had disarticulation of nine knees during childhood by analyzing their gait using electrocardiographic telemetry. Those who were more than five years old were further studied by timing them as they ran the fifty-yard (45.7-meter) dash and by testing the strength of the musculature of the hip girdle using a Cybex dynamometer. The physiological cost-index of Butler et al. was used to assess energy consumption. Three patients had had unilateral disarticulation and three had had bilateral disarticulation. Kinematic studies showed persistent bilateral abduction of the hip throughout the gait cycle in all six patients. The flexion-extension arc of the hip was decreased in the three who had had bilateral disarticulation. Increased flexion of the hip was noted on the normal side and decreased flexion, on the affected side in those who had had unilateral disarticulation. Phase reversal of pelvic obliquity was noted in the amputees who had had bilateral disarticulation. The prosthetic knee showed good flexion during the swing phase. All patients showed a mild decrease in the velocity of gait and in the length of step and stride. The patients who had had unilateral disarticulation showed decreased duration of the bilateral stance and single stance phases and increased duration of the swing phase. Those who had had bilateral disarticulation of the knee had a normal distribution of the components of the gait cycle: bilateral stance, single stance, and swing. The physiological cost-index for all six was within the normal range, indicating minimum energy handicap.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1986

[Clinical, radiotelemetric and pathomorphological research on lambs experimentally infected with Cysticercus ovis].

Experiments were carried out with six 2-month-old lambs infected experimentally with 30,000 T. ovis ova each. It was found that with slightly infected lambs there were no deviations in the normal state of the animals and their ECG telemetry. Morphologically, there were sporadic cysticerci. With strong infections the disease was found to run its course with apparently manifested clinical signs: depressed general condition, lowered appetite, profuse salivation, lacrimation, pollakisuria, high temperature, and high pulse and heart rates. Electrocardiographically, essential changes were recorded in the elements characterizing myocardial infarction. Morphologically and histopathologically, beside cysticerci in the heart and skeletal muscles there were necrotic foci, hyalin-dystrophic and necrotic and lytic areas.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Monitoring at the National Hospital, Queen Square, London.

At the National Hospital, video-EEG telemetry is performed on about 100 patients per year and ambulatory EEG recordings on about 40 patients per year. For clarification of the diagnosis of odd attacks of uncertain cause 55% of the patients are selected, and 35% for the investigation of established epilepsy. The equipment employed for the long-term EEG monitoring is described. The results obtained during 1983 are discussed in detail; clinically useful results are obtained in over 50% of the patients.

Ambulatory Care↗

PubMed1985

[Distortions of respiratory indices during muscle work in research procedures using masks].

Maskless telemetry of respiration (dynamic radiorheopneumography) developed by one of the authors was employed in observations over 66 persons during laboratory running and over 13 athletes in the course of routine training. It was shown that conventional research methods for pulmonary ventilation produce significant disturbances in the respiratory parameters: the respiratory rate diminishes, the respiratory volume increases. The disturbances are more pronounced in men, rising with increase in exercise intensity up to 20-30% and more. Transition from restrained to free respiration is accompanied by more remarkable changes in the respiratory parameters as compared to reverse transition.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

[Therapy of orthostatic dysregulation with gepefrin. Study with continuous telemetric blood pressure monitoring].

The action of the new pressor agent gepefrine (D form of 3-hydroxyphenyl-2-aminopropan) was evaluated in 16 patients with typical clinical symptoms of orthostatic adjustment disorders. The blood pressure measured in the brachial artery (percutaneous puncture and catheterisation according to the Seldinger technique) and the electrocardiogram were transmitted by telemetry and continuously documented under standard conditions at rest, on standing and during a step test. One hour after oral administration of 30 mg or 45 mg gepefrine the blood pressure increased significantly at rest and more markedly on standing and during the step test. Gepefrine led to a reduction in pathological orthostatic regulation during the early phase as well as to the prevention of subjective and objective signs of orthostatic adjustment disorder during the late phase. Patients with insufficient rise in blood pressure during the step test (80 watts) showed after gepefrine a distinct tendency towards normalisation and the regression of subjective states of exhaustion. Gepefrine caused on average no substantive alternations in heart rate during all phases of the investigation. Complications or side-effects due to the method or the medicament were not observed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

A telemetric pressure sensor for ventricular shunt systems.

A fully implantable telemetric differential pressure sensor has been developed which is incorporated with a shunt valve system. It is a unique single diaphragm device that allows in vivo confirmation of zero-point and pressure calibrations. The telemetry is implemented by a resonant circuit in the sensor and a radio frequency detector outside the body, and the in vivo pressure calibration is derived from a pressure-balancing method. The pressure sensor has been implanted with shunts in several patients, and is shown to be valuable both for measurements of intraventricular pressure and for determining proper function of hydrocephalus shunt valves and catheters.

Catheterization↗

PubMed1979

Characteristics of "old timer" hockey play.

Many Canadian adults play Old Timer hockey to improve and/or maintain their cardiorespiratory fitness. This review examined the intensity and duration of play that characterizes adult noncontact hockey. The exercise intensity was assessed by continuously monitoring the heart rate response via telemetry. The duration of play was studied utilizing time-motion analysis, during the typical Old Timer game, the forwards spent 28 minutes on the ice when the heart rate was at least at 60% KM intensity. The forwards averaged 85% KM intensity during game activity. The mean heart rate response of the goaltenders was 143 beats per minute or 64% KM intensity.

Adult↗

PubMed1965

Telemetric electrocardiography.

By means of a satellite transmitter nearby the subject an electrocardiogram can be obtained by telemetry in a hospital electrocardiographic (ECG) laboratory from an area of approximately 20 miles in diameter within the city of London, Ontario. The technique employed in this preliminary trial produced excellent tracings, quite comparable to tracings obtained using the same leads with direct recording. Ninety-four trials were performed on 63 subjects, 37 of whom were patients with a suspected or known myocardial abnormality. A normal group of 26 healthy subjects, 16 of whom were strenuously exercised on a bicycle ergometer to the point of physical exhaustion, were also studied. Monitoring patients during ordinary daily activities has proved extremely useful in the detection and diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias, intermittent conduction disturbances, latent coronary artery disease, and asymptomatic heart disease.

Electrocardiography↗

PubMed1984

Cardiac exercise programs: role of continuous electrocardiographic monitoring.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the value of telemetry monitoring for detection of new and significant electrocardiographic (ECG) or blood pressure abnormalities during outpatient cardiac exercise therapy. Following preliminary graded exercise testing, 177 cardiac patients underwent a four-week monitored exercise program three days per week. During 2248 training sessions, 12 of the 177 patients (7%) showed significant ECG or blood pressure abnormalities not evident on initial exercise testing, eight (5%) requiring change in medical therapy. Abnormalities included significant (greater than 2mm) ST-T displacement (two patients), ventricular arrhythmias (seven patients), and hypertensive exercise response (three patients). Eleven of the abnormalities (92%) appeared during the first three weeks of the program. Results indicated that continuous ECG and blood pressure monitoring offered a small but significant diagnostic yield not evident on preliminary graded exercise testing. One-year experience suggested that short-term (four weeks) exercise monitoring may be adequate for cardiac patients who undergo careful preliminary screening.

Adult↗