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At least 1,567 records · Page 87Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

Economic evaluation of national identification and recording systems for pigs in Belgium.

Four national identification and recording (I&R) systems for the Belgian pig industry were evaluated economically, using a computer simulation model. These systems were: (1) the previous system; (2) a revised system (based on the previous one); (3) a system based on electronic identification; (4) a system similar to (3) but which also allows electronic monitoring of individual pigs. The evaluation of the systems particularly concerned their use in the control of classical swine fever (CSF). Four factors have shown to be very influential in economic decision making with respect to I&R systems: (1) the economic losses per CSF epidemic; (2) the frequency of CSF epidemics; (3) the operational costs of the I&R system; (4) the possibility of additional use of the system besides CSF control. It was concluded that for the Belgian situation, replacement of the previous I&R system by the revised one is economically justifiable. Because of high operational costs, electronic identification systems are only economically feasible in very specific situations, e.g. when a higher degree of additional use is possible or with a relatively high frequency of CSF epidemics.

Animal Husbandry↗

PubMed2003

Positive, accurate animal identification.

Positive, accurate identification of animals and their products would be very helpful in livestock commerce, prevention of theft and fraud and in tracing animals and products to origin. Food safety, animal health, and prevention of epidemics, would be enhanced by combining identification with location. Identification may be by electronic chips, iris or retinal scans, antibody or DNA analysis. A cross listing of one or more means in a central repository would facilitate tracing origin of animals and build confidence in transactions of all kinds.

Animal Identification Systems↗

PubMed1998

Children's subjective identification with the group and in-group favoritism.

Recent developments in social psychology have explained children's preference for members of the in-group in terms of processes of self-categorization and identification with the in-group. In contrast, this study, addressing nationality self-conceptions, examines the possibility that even before subjective identification with the group has occurred, as de facto group members, children will have been exposed to a great deal of positive information about their own national group, which is likely to encourage group-serving judgments. Children who had failed to identify themselves as members of their national group were required in this study to make evaluative judgments about 5 national groups, including their own. Significant preference for the in-group emerged on 2 of 3 measures. It is concluded that subjective identification with the in-group is not a necessary precondition for in-group favoritism.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

The paradox of group-based guilt: modes of national identification, conflict vehemence, and reactions to the in-group's moral violations.

The authors examined the relationships between 2 modes of national identification (attachment to the in-group and the in-group's glorification) and reactions to the in-group's moral violations among Israeli students. Data were collected during a period of relative calm in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as well as during a period of great intensification of this conflict. As expected, in Study 1, the 2 modes of identification had contrasting relationships with group-based guilt: Attachment was positively related whereas glorification was negatively related to group-based guilt for in-group's past infractions. Glorification suppressed the attachment effect but not vice versa. Both relationships were mediated by the use of exonerating cognitions. In Study 2, group-based guilt for the in-group's current wrongdoings was increased by priming critical rather than conventional attachment to the in-group, suggesting a causal effect of mode of identification on the experience of negative group-based emotions.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Testing of an orthogonal measure of cultural identification with adult mission Indians.

The Orthogonal Cultural Identification Scale (OCIS; Oetting & Beauvais, 1990-91) has been validated among Native American youth, but not adults. The present study sought to test the reliability (internal consistency) and validity (construct and factorial) of the OCIS among an adult Native American sample consisting of 389 Mission Indians (61% female). Participants were recruited from reservations using a venue sampling strategy. The OCIS was completed as part of a self-assessment packet of questionnaires. Internal consistency for OCIS subscale scores ranged from 0.76 to 0.91. Both concurrent and discriminant validity were demonstrated. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed 2 factors: (1) Anglo American Identification and (2) Native American Identification. These results indicate the OCIS is a reliable and valid instrument for use with adult Native Americans.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Automated donor-recipient identification systems as a means of reducing human error in blood transfusion.

Clerical and administrative errors are the most common mistakes in blood banking, with errors of sample or patient identification accounting for the majority of mistakes. In an effort to reduce the incidence of human errors, three automated donor-recipient identification systems were developed and were evaluated under clinical conditions. After two years of development and bench testing, each set of equipment was tested, along with established procedures, at a large clinical center, a medium-sized community hospital and a regional donor center. Although none of the systems, as tested, proved acceptable under clinical conditions, a great deal was learned about prototype equipment testing in the clinical setting. Future development of identification systems for clinical use should respond to carefully defined problems, apply in all areas of the hospital or donor center, and be convenient and reliable. The development of the equipment should involve established manufacturers and be subject to exacting preclinical testing.

Blood Banks↗

PubMed1991

Improvement in transfusion safety using a new blood unit and patient identification system as part of safe transfusion practice.

A new patient and blood unit identification system designed to confirm the identity of crossmatched blood products and that of the intended recipient was evaluated. Six hundred seventy-two red cell concentrates were transfused to 312 patients. Participating hospital personnel and patients were interviewed regarding the use and benefit of this unique system, which incorporates a "lock-box" approach to the identification process. The product and procedure were accepted unanimously and enthusiastically, and three potential mistransfusions were avoided by use of the system during the limited period of observation. This type of approach to the identification process affords greater security than conventional practices and minimally burdens staff.

Blood Transfusion↗

PubMed1987

Ethnocultural identification in psychotherapy.

Ethnoculturally translocated individuals, members of minority groups, and patients in cross-cultural psychotherapy frequently experience disturbances of their ethnocultural identities. During psychotherapy these patients often attribute ethnocultural qualities to their therapists in a process called ethnocultural identification. This process may be used to foster a therapeutic identification in which the therapist reflects pieces of the patient's conflicted ethnocultural identity. Cases are presented here illustrating the use of ethnocultural identification as an auxiliary therapeutic tool to facilitate coping with changing cultural values and transitional experiences, and to promote the integration of the ethnocultural self into a consolidated sense of identity.

Acculturation↗

PubMed1995

Electronic identification with injectable transponders in pig production: results of a field trail on commercial farms and slaughterhouses concerning injectability and retrievability.

A nationwide electronic system for the identification of all pigs is a means to achieve a tighter control of livestock and meat in the Netherlands. In order to examine the use of electronic identification transponders, two field trails were performed. Transponders supplied by three separate companies were tested on pigs on commercial farms. In phase 1, each device was examined on separate farms and in phase 2, the three devices were tested on each farm. A total of 3,436 and 5,947 transponders from the different suppliers were injected in the base of the ear at weaning in phase 1 and 2 on seven and five farms, respectively. The following aspects were examined: technical labour for injection and reading, readability of the transponders, impact on tissues at the injection site, and retrieval of the transponder after slaughter. After instruction the farmer was well able to inject a transponder in a restrained piglet. The results show that in phases 1 and 2 1.6% to 7.3% of the transponders were unreadable at retrieval in the slaughter line, which is significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the required maximum loss of 1%. The 1.6% failure rate in phase 1 involved transponders from a single supplier. Loss of identification was associated with rejection after injection, expulsion during inflammation and technical failure. Three weeks after injection on average 0.6% of the piglets had an observable inflammation and at the time of retrieval pus was found around, on average, 1.2% of the transponders. An average of between 37% and 88% of the transponders were retrieved in the slaughter line from the base of the ear in phases 1 and 2. The other transponders were retrieved medial or caudal to this position. This positional variation meant that it was not consistently possible to remove the transponder from the carcass within the required 4 second time period. It was concluded that the systems should be improved before recommending their introduction on a large scale, because the variation in readability and location is too high.

Abattoirs↗

PubMed2002

Communication. Improving RNs' organizational and professional identification in managed care hospitals.

Nurse administrators are searching for an expanded repertoire of strategies to attract and retain qualified nursing staff in today's managed care environment. This study examined hospital registered nurses' interpretations of managed care and the effects of those views on nurses' identification with their employing organization and the nursing profession. Findings show that nurses held greater identification with their occupation than their organization. Significant factors influencing nurses' attachment to both of these reference groups included uncertainty about managed care changes, information received about managed care changes, and effects of managed care on the nursing role. Communication principles and strategies are presented to nurse leaders for use in fostering a stronger organizational affiliation among staff nurses while maintaining a strong identification with the nursing profession.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed1985

Toward an understanding of mother-daughter identification using concept analysis.

Mother-daughter identification was analyzed using a concept analysis strategy proposed by Walker and Avant. This strategy was selected because of its utility in clarifying a concept requiring refinement. It was toward this goal that the concept analysis of mother-daughter identification was initiated. Rogers's conceptual model was used to add a new dimension to past conceptualizations of mother-daughter identification, one that allows the concept to be added to a nursing perspective.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Frequency of edentulism and identification marking of removable dentures in long-term care units.

There were two aims of this study. First, the frequency of edentulism and denture wearers among 464 residents in long-term units in Göteborg, Sweden, was evaluated. Second, the dentures were examined to determine whether they were marked correctly for identification. Of the subjects, 46% were edentulous in both jaws, and 13% in one jaw. Among complete denture wearers, 47% of the patients had at least one identification-marked denture. Removable partial dentures, worn by 26 subjects, were marked to a lesser extent (32%). Since there are many edentulous people among the elderly in most parts of the world we suggest that removable dentures are marked with the patient's name or identification number.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1992

Projective identification and suicide contagion.

The effect of suggestion on suicide is well established. However, the intrapsychic mechanisms of the contagion of suicides are poorly understood. In this article I first present the literature about suicide clustering and about projective identification. In the following clinical vignette I try to understand a patient's suicidal behaviour, referring to William Goldstein's clarifying model of projective identification. I aim to illustrate that his model has heuristic value in the treatment of suicidal patients when the effect of suggestion or identification is suspected.

Delusions↗

PubMed2001

Projective identification in common couple dances.

This paper integrates the object relations concept of projective identification and the systemic concept of marital dances to develop a more powerful model for working with more difficult and distressed couples. This integrated model explains how some couples use the defenses of splitting and projective identification to externalize and transpose internal conflicts into interpersonal conflicts in five common marital dances. The author suggests how object relations techniques can be used to interrupt the projective identifications, help clients to reown their disowned and projected affects and resolve the conflict on the intrapsychic level so that the marital dance is no longer necessary to resolve the intrapsychic issues.

Conflict, Psychological↗

PubMed1997

Depression, gender and identification: replication and extension.

Replicating pilot findings, this study (N = 100) suggests that identification processes are a factor in the aetiology of depression. These processes are gender-linked: identification with father is more important for males, identification with mother for females.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Injectable electronic identification, monitoring, and stimulation systems.

Historically, electronic devices such as pacemakers and neuromuscular stimulators have been surgically implanted into animals and humans. A new class of implants made possible by advances in monolithic electronic design and implant packaging is small enough to be implanted by percutaneous injection through large-gauge hypodermic needles and does not require surgical implantation. Among these, commercially available implants, known as radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, are used for livestock, pet, laboratory animal, and endangered-species identification. The RFID tag is a subminiature glass capsule containing a solenoidal coil and an integrated circuit. Acting as the implanted half of a transcutaneous magnetic link, the RFID tag is powered by and communicates with an extracorporeal magnetic reader. The tag transmits a unique identification code that serves the function of identifying the animal. Millions of RFID tags have been sold since the early 1980s. Based on the success of the RFID tags, research laboratories have developed injectable medical implants, known as micromodules. One type of micromodule, the microstimulator, is designed for use in functional-neuromuscular stimulation. Each microstimulator is uniquely addressable and could comprise one channel of a multichannel functional-neuromuscular stimulation system. Using bidirectional telemetry and commands, from a single extracorporeal transmitter, as many as 256 microstimulators could form the hardware basis for a complex functional-neuromuscular stimulation feedback-control system. Uses include stimulation of paralyzed muscle, therapeutic functional-neuromuscular stimulation, and neuromodulatory functions such as laryngeal stimulation and sleep apnea.

Animal Identification Systems↗

PubMed2003

Time course of processes and representations supporting visual object identification and memory.

Event-related potentials (ERPs) were used to delineate the time course of activation of the processes and representations supporting visual object identification and memory. Following K. Srinivas (1993), 66 young people named objects in canonical or unusual views during study and an indirect memory test. Test views were the same or different from those at study. The first ERP repetition effect and earliest ERP format effect started at approximately 150 msec. Multiple ERP repetition effects appeared over time. All but the latest ones were largest for same views, although other aspects of their form specificity varied. Initial ERP format effects support multiple-views-plus-transformation accounts of identification and indicate the timing of processes of object model selection (frontal N350 from 148-250 to 500-700 msec) and view transformation via mental rotation (posterior N400/P600 from 250-356 to 700 msec). Thereafter, a late slow wave reflects a memory process more strongly recruited by different than same views. Overall, the ERP data demonstrate the activation of multiple memory processes over time during an indirect test, with earlier ones (within 148-400 msec) characterized by a pattern of form specificity consistent with the specific identification-related neural process or representational system supporting each memory function.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

Identification in psychotherapy.

Identification is a cornerstone of normal maturation, and the wish to identify is a strong force through life. Appropriate identification with the therapist may be a crucial aspect of the psychotherapy of patients who have mis-identified or were unable to make constructive identifications at crucial points in their emotional development.

Child↗