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PubMed2002

Transmission rates and phenotypic effects of mitochondrial plasmids and cytotypes in Silene vulgaris.

We investigated the transmission properties and the phenotypic effects of two mitochondrial plasmids in a population of the bladder campion, Silene vulgaris. In reciprocal crosses between plasmid-free and plasmid-carrying plants, no cases of paternal transmission or loss during maternal transmission were recorded. Neither was any transmission via pollen observed when plasmid-carrying plants of S. vulgaris were used to pollinate plasmid-free plants of the closely related species Silene uniflora. The phenotypic effects of the plasmids were investigated by comparing germination rate, early growth properties, and the gender of plants grown from seeds with and without plasmids. A significant association between plasmid status, on the one hand, and germination propensity and offspring gender, on the other, was found. However, because all plants carrying plasmids in the experiment shared the same cytoplasmic background, the exact contribution of the plasmid to the phenotypic variation could not be determined. Taken together, our experiments show that in S. vulgaris the mt-plasmids are not currently involved in any strong genetic conflict, but that they evolve in close association with their mitochondrial host.

DNA, Mitochondrial↗
PubMed1993

Intrapopulation nestclusters of maternal mtDNA lineages in the polygynous ant Leptothorax acervorum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).

Analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in a population of Leptothorax acervorum demonstrates substantial population substructuring. Digestion with four restriction endonucleases, HaeIII, MboI, MspI and RsaI, gave six, four, three and two different patterns, respectively. Seven composite haplotypes were obtained from the observed cleavage patterns. Uniform aggregations of nests from the same maternal lineage (i.e. with the same haplotype) were found which suggests that nest-founding by a process of budding-off is common. Groups of nests seem to actively exclude other haplotypes from establishing nests within their territory. F-statistics suggests that individuals mate at random within the population.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

A prokaryotic dnaA sequence in Drosophila melanogaster: Wolbachia infection and cytoplasmic incompatibility among laboratory strains.

Using oligonucleotide primers derived from the aligned polypeptide sequences of several prokaryotic dnaA genes, we amplified from Drosophila melanogaster DNA a 557 bp fragment containing a single open reading frame. The predicted peptide sequence shows a significant similarity to previously characterized protein sequences that are encoded by the dnaA genes of several prokaryotes. The dnaA sequences are also detectable by PCR in DNA from Drosophila simulans and Nasonia vitripennis flies which are infected by a symbiotic bacterium assigned to the type species Wolbachia pipientis. A tetracycline treatment that eradicates bacterial parasites from insects, abolishes the dnaA sequences from Drosophila and Nasonia DNA. In addition, dnaA-positive Drosophila melanogaster contain numerous rod-shaped bacteria in embryos, which are abolished in subsequent generations after treatment with tetracycline. Combined with phylogenetic analysis of DnaA and 16S rRNA sequences, these results show that the dnaA cognate comes from Wolbachia. A survey of Drosophila stocks using PCR amplification of dnaA and 16S rRNA sequences showed that Wolbachia is widely spread among D. melanogaster laboratory strains but absent from several established strains of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata. Evidence is also presented that presence of the bacterium can cause partial cytoplasmic incompatibility between infected and non-infected D. melanogaster strains.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Range of action and genetic bacteriocin codification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from three different ecological niches.

Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from sediments in wells showed a greater bacteriocinogenic activity in those isolated from river and clinical specimens. More than half of all the strains examined had extrachromosomal DNA. Plasmid DNA was extracted from all the strains and in only 24/120, all from different origins, was the curing achieved; all these strains coded their bacteriocins in the chromosomal DNA.

Bacteriocins↗
PubMed1991

Chromosomal aberrations in the mildly mentally retarded.

Chromosome analyses were performed on 52 mildly mentally retarded adults and a control group representing the non-retarded population. Chromosomal aberrations were found in 19.2% of the mentally retarded and in 1.9% of the controls. The aberrations in the retarded group consisted of trisomy 21, fragile-X, sex-chromosome aberrations and balanced translocations. The index group included a man with a fragile site Xp22.1. The aberration in the control group consisted of a karyotype with an extra marker chromosome.

Chromosome Deletion↗