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PubMedDate not supplied

[Short bowel syndrome--surgical aspects].

INTRODUCTION: Long-term survival after massive intestinal resection is now possible with parenteral nutritional support. The expense, morbidity, and inconvenience of this therapy, however, have led to continued interest in alternatives for the treatment of the short bowel syndrome. Patients with short bowel require a multi disciplinary approach over a prolonged period. HISTORICAL CONSIDERATIONS: The history of small bowel transplantation started in 1959 when Lillehei showed that autotransplantation of the small intestine in a dog was feasible. From 1964 to 1971, 7 attempts of small bowel allotransplantations in humans have been reported. All 7 patients died. DEFINITION: Short gut syndrome is a malabsorptive condition occurring after significant loss of intestinal absorptive capacity. The clinical syndrome is manifested by malnutrition, steatorrhea, weight loss, and diarrhea due to decreased absorptive capacity. ETIOLOGY: Etiologic factors leading to the short gut state include necrotizing enterocolitis, midgut volvulus, trauma, embolic phenomenon, and Crohn's disease. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: Intestinal failure is the end result of several complex interacting mechanisms related to: reduced enterocyte mass, short small bowel length with consequent reduced mucosal contact time for absorption, massive proximal loop dilatation with poor propulsion, and intraluminal stasis and bacterial overgrowth lead to bacterial translocation to the liver systemically. MANAGEMENT: Patients with short bowel must be totally or partly supported with intravenous nutrition until enteral absorption can sustain survival and growth. Autologous bowel reconstruction attempts to reconfigure the residual bowel to eliminate negative factors of bowel dilatation and stasis, and redistribute the absorptive mucosa to enhance the adaptation response. Several procedures have been suggested to: prolong transmitting time and increase mucosal contact time, enhance absorption by bowel tailoring and bowel lengthening, and increasing the Enterocyte mass. CONCLUSION: Autologous gastro-intestinal reconstruction is still in its infacny with prospect of new and different concepts for the future.

Digestive System Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed2004

Colonic volvulus associated with Chilaiditi's syndrome: report of a case.

Hepatodiaphragmatic interposition of the intestine, known as Chilaiditi's syndrome, is a rare and often asymptomatic anomaly, typically found as an incidental radiographic sign. We report a case of Chilaiditi's syndrome associated with transverse colon volvulus, predisposed by segmental agenesis of the right lobe of the liver. A 45-year-old man presented with a 2-day history of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Plain chest X-ray and abdominal computed tomography showed colonic interposition and segmental agenesis of the right lobe of the liver. Laparotomy revealed a clockwise volvulus of the transverse colon associated with interposition and incarceration of the colon through the space of the agenetic segment of the liver. The transverse colon, which was adherent to the agenetic space in the liver and diaphragm, was dissected away and repositioned, and the volvulus was reduced. To our knowledge, this is only the sixth reported case of a colonic volvulus associated with Chilaiditi's syndrome and the first case associated with segmental agenesis of the right lobe of the liver.

Colon↗
PubMed2000

Neonatal intestinal obstruction in Zaria, Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE: To study the aetiology, morbidity and mortality of neonatal intestinal obstruction. DESIGN: A retrospective study. SETTING: Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: One hundred and fifty one neonates (< or = 28 days) undergoing surgery for mechanical intestinal obstruction. RESULTS: The male/female ratio was 3:1 and median age at presentation was four days (range five hours-28 days). Anorectal malformation was the commonest cause, 104 (68.9%), 86.5% of which were high anomalies and 13.5% low; the median age at presentation was three days. Fifty two per cent of colostomies for the high anomalies were performed using general anaesthesia and 48% local anaesthetic, but there was an increasing use of local anaesthesia over the years. Hirschsprung's disease accounted for 11 (7.3%) of the cases, representing 20% of all patients presenting with Hirschsprung's disease to this hospital; the median age was six days and in two patients the caecum and sigmoid colon respectively had perforated; nine patients had colostomy, one caecostomy and one ileostomy (total colonic aganglionosis). Eleven (7.3%) patients had incarcerated or strangulated ingunial hernia (ten) and congenital ventral hernia (one); the hernias were repaired in all patients and three required intestinal resection for gangrene, two of which had ipsilateral testicular gangrene, necessitating orchidectomy. Intestinal atresia was the fourth common cause of obstruction ten (6.7%), eight of which were jejunoileal atresias and two duodenal and the median age was seven days; one atresia was associated with Hirschsprung's disease and had ileostomy, all other jejunoileal atresias were resected and duodenoduodenostomy was performed for the duodenal atresias. Other less common causes of neonatal intestinal obstruction were incarcerated exomphalos, malrotation, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, annular pancreas, and idiopathic ileal volvulus and meconium ileus respectively. Postoperative complications occurred in sixteen of 95 patients (16.8%) including colostomy or ileostomy complications 11, wound infection three and anastomotic dehiscence (two). The overall mortality was 21.1%, 70% from overwhelming infection and 30% respiratory embarrassment; the mortality from the various conditions were Hirschsprung's disease 43%, intestinal atresia 40%, incarcerated exomphalos 40%, anorectal malformation 18.5% and the only patient with volvulus died. CONCLUSION: The morbidity and mortality of neonatal intestinal obstruction in this hospital has improved over previous years due largely to meticulous resuscitation before surgery but the problems of late presentation and poor neonatal intensive care facilities persist. The findings are at variance with those in developed countries.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intestinal obstruction by Meckel's diverticulum: a case study].

The intestinal obstruction by Meckel s diverticulum is caused by an adherence, volvulus or invagination affecting this diverticulum. This is not a very frequent event and our purpose is to describe a case of intestinal obstruction by a bridle formed by Meckel s diverticulum. Clinically, the patient experienced pain in the periumbilical region, abdominal distension and bilious vomits. The exploratory laparotomy evidenced the existence of Meckel s diverticulum without signs of inflammation.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Volvulus of the ascending colon: an unusual complication of non-rotation of the midgut.

A case of non-rotation of the bowel is presented wherein volvulus of the colon occurred causing acute obstruction. Spontaneous reduction following a barium enema as well as the patient's history leads us to suspect that volvulus had occurred in the past and was responsible for the intermittent nature of the patient's symptoms. This type of volvulus is distinctly different from midgut volvulus and is a rare complication of the anomaly of intestinal rotation and fixation known as non-rotation of the bowel. Efforts should be made to study patients with malrotation anomalies at a time when they are acutely symptomatic so that intermittent volvulus such as shown here is not overlooked.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1991

[Pseudostriction of hiatal hernia. Apropos of a case with incarceration of the transverse mesocolon and small intestine].

Massive hiatal hernia is a lesion at risk of incarceration, volvulus, and obstruction. The true paraesophageal type is a very rare condition and probably often mistaken with end-stage slidind hernia. Furthermore reflux and oesophagitis are always possible. In this case report a small bowel loop was incarcerated with a massive hiatal hernia. This association was only possible because of the existence of an associated transverse mesocolis hernia giving way to the small bowel. An emergency operation was necessary. The need of surgical treatment of such lesions is stressed, if possible before acute complication, even if they are asymptomatic at the time of diagnostic, which is a quite common condition.

Female↗
PubMed1997

[Volvulus in childhood].

Gastric volvulus or volvulus of the small-bowel can occasionally be found in neonates and small infants. Since volvulus is an emergency case, the radiologist must know the characteristic radiological findings and the ultrasound signs in correlation to the clinical symptoms. Two forms of gastric volvulus can be distinguished: the organoaxial type and a mesenterioaxial form. Besides an idiopathic etiology, diaphragmatic alterations can be observed in children with volvulus of the stomach. Volvulus of the small-bowel occurs in children with malrotation type I or II or with nonrotation. Bile-stained vomiting starts within the first days of life and is followed by the clinical signs of high bowel obstruction and peritonitis. Primarily in cases of gastric volvulus, an ultrasound examination can show the wrong position of the stomach or the pyloric region. In cases of small-bowel volvulus, abnormal localization of the superior mesenteric artery can be demonstrated. The plain film features an upper small-bowel obstruction. Upper intestinal contrast studies may reveal the level of small-intestine obstruction. A contrast enema can rule out a concomitant colon nonrotation or malrotation. A rare form which can be misdiagnosed easily, is volvulus of the sigmoid with pathological elongation and positioning of the sigma. It appears mostly in school children with less urgent symptoms and can disappear spontaneously. A typical feature is pain in the left lower abdomen and complete obstruction in an opaque enema.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1987

Mesenteric and gastric volvulus in a dog.

Concomitant gastric and mesenteric volvulus was diagnosed in a 5-year-old Komondorok. Despite surgical correction of both displacements, the dog died 14 hours after surgery. Although gastric volvulus is a well-known syndrome in dogs, mesenteric volvulus has been reported infrequently. This report illustrates the importance of radiography in cases of suspected gastric volvulus to rule out other potential causes of acute abdominal distention, including mesenteric volvulus.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Congenital intestinal malrotation causing gestational intestinal obstruction. A case report.

BACKGROUND: Intestinal obstruction in pregnancy is rare. The mortality rate is higher during pregnancy than in the general population and applies to fetal as well as maternal survival. Major causes of intestinal obstruction in the pregnant women include adhesions, volvulus and intussusception. CASE: A 27-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, estimated gestational age approximately 26 weeks, with a high-level, complete small bowel obstruction. The patient failed a trial of conservative management and required laparotomy, at which time a congenital malrotation was found. She was treated successfully with a modified Ladd's procedure. There was no maternal or fetal morbidity. CONCLUSION: This case represents an extremely rare cause of bowel obstruction in pregnancy; a paucity of such cases have been reported.

Adult↗