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At least 1,585 records · Page 88Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Closed head injuries of school-age children: neuropsychological sequelae in early adulthood.

This study was undertaken in order to investigate the effects of closed head injury with coma, sustained during school age (7-14 years) on the neuropsychological performances of the subject examined at least 7 years later, in early adulthood (18-27 years). Twenty-one subjects who met these requirements were examined with neuropsychological tests, supplemented by complete neurological examinations and interviews with both the subject and at least one relative. Only 3 subjects out of 21 were found to be "impaired" from a neuropsychological point of view, since they fell below the cut-off scores in at least 4 tests out of 9. These findings suggest that the long-term prognosis of closed head injury in school-age children is generally good. The factors that may have influenced the prognosis in these patients are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Forensic psychiatric expertise in brain tumors].

The patients with brain tumors are quite rare in forensic-psychiatric practice. The authors observed only 21 cases during 25 years (that is 0.05% from all the persons subjected to the forensic-psychiatric examination). The tumors were revealed in 11 patients during examination; 10 patients underwent forensic-psychiatric examination after operation for brain tumor. There were different mental disturbances of various degree in such patients: disorders of memory, emotional instability, impulsivity, disorders of consciousness, phenomena typical for epileptiform syndrome, and other disorders. 16 patients were characterised as irresponsible ones. The supervision of neurologist and psychiatrist was recommended in all cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical-neuropsychological aspects of the adaptation of patients after the excision of craniopharyngioma in childhood].

40 patients aged 9-36 years were followed-up for at least 10 years after craniopharyngiomectomy. A combined neuropsychologic study according to A.R. Luria was carried out both for determination of the degree of psychic defects and for comparison with possibilities of adaptation. Symptoms of a damage of medio-basal regions of the frontal lobes and dyencephalic region were observed in all the patients. The frontal symptoms were decisive for social adaptation after the operation. The adaptation was worse in patients with more pronounced manifestations of frontal symptoms in involvement of medio-basal regions of the left frontal lobe accompanied by poor motivation and inertness. Patients with infact motivation and activity in the presence of dominant dysfunction of the medio-basal regions of the right frontal lobe appeared to be more adapted, even when there were pronounced disorders of vision and memory. The defects were compensated worse in patients operated early in childhood, with features of side cerebral dysfunction and in left-handers.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

Application of research findings and summary of research needs: Bud Britton Memorial Symposium on Metabolic Disorders of Feedlot Cattle.

Updated research findings with acidosis, feedlot bloat, liver abscesses, and sudden death syndromes were presented at the Bud Britton Memorial Symposium on Metabolic Disorders of Feedlot Cattle. Possible industry applications include the need to establish guidelines for use of clostridial vaccines in feedlot cattle, further assessment of the relationship between acidosis and polioencephalomalacia, examination of the effects of various ionophores on the incidence of metabolic disorders, and evaluation of the effects of feed bunk management and limit- and restricted-feeding programs on the incidence of metabolic disorders. A multidisciplinary approach among researchers, consulting nutritionists and veterinarians, and feedlot managers will be required for effective progress in research and in the application of research findings. Areas suggested for further research include 1) assessment of feed consumption patterns and social behavior of cattle in large-pen, feedlot settings; 2) evaluation of the relationship between feed intake management systems (feed bunk management programs, limit- and programmed-feeding) and the incidence of metabolic disorders, including delineation of the role of variability in feed intake in the etiology of such disorders; 3) efforts to improve antemortem and postmortem diagnosis, and to establish standardized regional or national epidemiological databases for various metabolic disorders; 4) ascertaining the accuracy of diagnosis of metabolic disorders and determining the relationship of previous health history of animals to the incidence of metabolic disorders; 5) further defining ruminal and intestinal microbiology as it relates to metabolic disorders and deeper evaluation of metabolic changes that occur with such disorders; 6) continued appraisal of the effects of grain processing and specific feed ingredients and nutrients on metabolic disorders, and development of new feed additives to control or prevent these disorders; and 7) application of biotechnology to develop grain varieties with altered nutrient degradation profiles that decrease the propensity for disastrous acid loads in the rumen, feed-grade enzymes and probiotics that modify nutrient digestion or microbial profiles in the rumen and intestine, and specific strains of ruminal bacteria and protozoa that alter ruminal and metabolic conditions that may precipitate metabolic disorders.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1995

Visual memory impairment in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled study.

Memory processes were compared in 26 patients presenting DSM-III-R obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with 20 sex-, age- and education-matched normal controls. A significant between-group difference was found: visual memory was significantly lower in OCD, whereas no significant between-group differences in verbal memory were observed. A subsample of 17 OCD were also compared with the 20 control subjects on an explicit-memory free-recall task and an implicit-memory completion task using neutral, obsessive and guilt-responsibility words to test the effects of an emotional verbal input on memory functioning. No between-group difference was found, suggesting that emotionally laden word processing did not modify implicit and explicit memory performances.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Memory function in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder and the problem of confidence in their memories: a clinical study.

AIM: To examine obsessive-compulsive patients for memory of obsessive-compulsive relevant material and confidence in their memory. METHODS: Memory function was examined by a recognition task using neutral and obsessive-compulsive relevant sentences in 32 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and 31 control subjects. We also investigated the participants' confidence in the accuracy of their recognition. The severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder was evaluated by using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. The Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Questionnaire, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were also administered to the two groups. RESULTS: Whereas obsessive-compulsive disorder patients were not significantly different from control subjects on measures of recognition memory for both obsessive-compulsive relevant and neutral material, they were significantly less confident in the memory for obsessive-compulsive relevant and neutral sentences. Also, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores were negatively correlated with the recognition performance of obsessive-compulsive disorder relevant sentences and the levels of confidence in memory in the obsessive-compulsive disorder group. The obsessive-compulsive patients with checking compulsions were not different from non-checking obsessive-compulsive patients. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that obsessive-compulsive patients experience difficulties in confidence in their memory, possibly related to anxiety rather than primary memory deficits.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Enhanced delayed matching performance in younger and older macaques administered the 5-HT4 receptor agonist, RS 17017.

Recent evidence indicates that the 5-HT4 subtype of serotonin receptor may modulate central cholinergic activity in regions of the mammalian CNS important to memory such as the frontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala. These receptors could represent targets for drugs designed for the symptomatic therapy of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other disorders of memory. In the present study, the binding activity of RS 17017 (previously described as a selective 5-HT4 agonist) was assessed across a number of neurotransmitter receptors and binding sites, pharmacokinetic data were obtained, and the compound was evaluated in macaques for mnemonic effects via a computer-assisted delayed matching-to-sample task (DMTS). Binding data confirmed the 5-HT4 selectivity of the compound, while pharmacokinetic results revealed low oral bioavailability, but a large volume of distribution of the compound. Significant and reproducible improvements in DMTS accuracy were observed after oral administration of the compound across a dose-effect series in both younger and older monkeys. The results suggest that RS 17017 offers a potential for memory enhancement in disorders involving cognitive decline, and are consistent with a role for central 5-HT4 receptors in memory. Improvements in DMTS performance in aged monkeys may have particular implications for neurodegenerative conditions such as AD, whereas positive results in the younger monkeys indicate that RS 17017 (or similar compounds) may have additional potential in the therapeutics of memory disorders not necessarily associated with advanced age.

Aging↗
PubMed1998

Autobiographical memory in acute stress disorder.

Survivors of motor vehicle accidents with acute stress disorder (ASD) or with no ASD participated in a study on autobiographical memory within a week of their trauma. In Experiment 1, participants were provided cue words to elicit autobiographical memories of both an unconstrained time period and their trauma. Participants with ASD reported fewer specific memories to positive cue words than did non-ASD participants, even when the influence of depression was controlled. In Experiment 2, the same participants were assessed for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 6 months posttrauma. Poor recall of specific memories of the trauma in Experiment 1 accounted for 25% of the variance of PTSD severity. Accessibility of trauma memories in the acute posttrauma phase may have significant implications for longer term adjustment.

Accidents, Traffic↗