[Sponsors help].
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Persons with Disabilities↗
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Results for “Intellectual Disability”
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[Sponsorships].
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Persons with Disabilities↗
[After the attendance of the Heilpaedagogische Hilfsschule, Zürich].
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Persons with Disabilities↗
Some aspects of a community program for educable mentally handicapped children.
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Children with Disabilities↗
[Early results of largactil and serpasil therapy of a group of mentally handicapped children with abnormalities of character].
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Chlorpromazine↗
[Liver function tests in a group of mentally handicapped children treated with largactil and serpasil].
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Chlorpromazine↗
[A study of children with special needs in mainstream schools and the role of nursing teachers].
OBJECTIVE: Principals of elementary schools and classroom teachers of classes for children with special needs were surveyed by questionnaire to identify the features of children with special needs in mainstream schools and the role of nursing teachers. METHODS: Subjects in Y prefecture were asked to consider several items including the following: 1) presence in class of children with special needs; 2) presence of a child with special needs who was a target of a class or a school for children with special needs; 3) presence of education for special needs experience; 4) obstacles that such children face; 5) the relation with a nursing teacher from June to August in 1998. RESULTS: 1. There was no class for children with special needs in 87 among 135 schools. Children with special needs were present in 27 out of 87 schools, and the frequency of children with special needs was about 0.3% in mainsteam classes. 2. The total number of children in classes for special needs was 177 including 142 (79.8%) with intellectual disabilities, 77 (43.3%) with complex disabilities and 61 (34.3%) requiring medical care. 3. Ninety percent of teachers of special needs classes asked a school nurse about health care for special needs and how to cope with matters relating to disabilities. 4. Ninety percent of teachers of special needs classes were concerned about matters such as the method of teaching and coping with matters relating to disabilities. CONCLUSION: The survey found that there are children with special needs in mainstream classes. The situation with the disabilities is an appreciable number of complex, so teachers of special needs classes had many concerns. Those teachers are inclined to be isolated in school. To achieve good educational outcomes for children with special needs it is important to develop a systematic network between school and experts such as medical doctors and educational professionals. Nursing teachers could play an important role in their relation, with medical specialists.
Child↗
Hypothalamic hamartoma with refractory epilepsy: surgical procedures and results in 18 patients.
AIM: To study the surgical procedures and results on seizures, in 18 patients with refractory epilepsy due to hypothalamic hamartoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients aged from 9 months to 32 years underwent surgery between 1997 and 2002. The mean age at seizure onset was 15.5 months. Seventeen patients had gelastic seizures, 14 had partial seizures, two had infantile spasms, 10 had tonic or atonic seizures and three had generalized seizures. The mean seizure frequency was 21 per day. Four patients had borderline intellectual disability and the others were mentally retarded. Five patients had precocious puberty, one had acromegaly and four suffered from obesity. Brain MRI, performed at least twice in each patient showed the hamartoma as a stable, homogeneous interpeduncular mass implanted either on the mammillary tubercle or on the wall of the third ventricle, with variable extension to the bottom. Ictal SPECT, performed in four patients, showed hyperperfusion within the hamartoma in two. SURGICAL PROCEDURE: Twenty-six operations were performed in 18 patients. The first patient underwent a total removal of the hamartoma, whereas the following patients underwent a disconnection, either through open surgery (14 patients) or endoscopy (10 patients). RESULTS: Regarding the seizure outcome with a mean follow up of three years four months (one year to 4.5 years), nine patients are seizure-free, one patient has only brief gelastic seizures and eight are dramatically improved. Surgery was uncomplicated in all but two patients: one had transitory hemiplegia and paresis of the third cranial nerve, the other presented with hemiplegia due to ischemia of the middle cerebral artery territory. The quality of life, behavior and school performance were greatly improved in most of the patients. CONCLUSION: Our series illustrates the feasibility and relative safety of disconnecting surgery of hypothalamic hamartomas, with seizure relief in 50% and a dramatic improvement in the others. Endoscopic disconnection seems to be a very safe way to treat the intra-ventricular part of hamartomas.
Adolescent↗
[Factors influencing intelligence in elderly population in a community-based study in Taiyuan city].
OBJECTIVE: To explore the factors which influencing the intelligence in elderly in a community, so as to provide reference on primary prevention of dementia. METHODS: A door to door survey was conducted. A total number of 830 elderly were assessed using WAIS-RC, H-NTLA and data collected through questionnaires on lifestyles, family and social activity were analysed, using the factor analysis, stepwise regression and canonical correlation analysis. RESULTS: The main variables related to the verbal were eggs diet, blood pressure, fruit, visit their children, alcohol intake (standard coefficients of regression are -0.118, -0.079, -0.060, -0.036, -0.117, respectively). The main variables related to cognition were recreation, sports and hereditary history of mental disorders (standard coefficients of regression were 0.035, -0.127, respectively). The main variables related to memory were contact to chemical materials, age of their parents during delivery, alcohol intake and the relationship between husband and wife (standard coefficients of regression were -0.063, 0.055, -0.030, -0.037, respectively). The variables related to canonical variable V(1) would include education and occupation (canonical correlation = 0.5993, P = 0.0001) while V(2) would include cerebrovascular accident (canonical correlation = 0.3925, P = 0.0005). CONCLUSION: Intelligent work, family harmony, prevention of cerebrovascular diseases were the main areas to prevent intellectual disability in the elderly.
Aged↗
[Avoidable visual impairment in The Netherlands: the project "Vision 2020 Netherlands" of the World Health Organization].
In the year 2004 there were an estimated 220,000-320,000 people in The Netherlands with visual impairment. In 150,000-220,000 (70%) of them the visual impairment is either curable or could have been prevented. Those most at risk are people with intellectual disabilities, elderly people in care institutions, elderly people in general and diabetics. 'Vision 2020 Netherlands', an initiative of the World Health Organization, was launched to eliminate avoidable visual impairment in the Netherlands by the year 2020 by means of awareness campaigns, implementation of screening programmes and by expanding eye care capacity through efficient cooperation between the professional groups involved in eye care.
Health Promotion↗
Nursing research in Ireland.
This review presents an analysis of research published by Irish nurses during the period 1990-2005. The analysis is the first effort made to identify the main characteristics of Irish nursing research. Overall, 213 published studies were identified for consideration, from which, 152 were included in the review. The studies were published in 60 journals, 4 books, and 8 research reports. Journal articles selected from 6 journals accounted for 52%. Inclusion criteria were quality of research design, sampling (including sample size), data analysis, scientific merit, and authorship. Each article was analyzed based on this schema. The major areas of research identified included clinical practice (56%) (e.g., medical surgical, mental health, intellectual disability, and maternal and child), nursing management and professional issues (19%), and nursing education (25%).
Authorship↗
[Pulmonary atelectasis in patients with neurological or muscular disease; gravity-related lung compression by the heart and intra-abdominal organs on persistent supine position].
We report 10 cases of pulmonary atelectasis diagnosed by chest computed tomography in patients with neurological or muscular disease. Atelectasis was frequently seen in hypotonic patients who could not roll over on their own. The atelectases located mostly in the dorsal bronchopulmonary segments, adjacent to the heart or diaphragm. Atelectasis diminished in two patients after they became able to roll themselves over. Gravity-related lung compression by the heart and intra-abdominal organs on persistent supine position can cause pulmonary atelectasis in patients with neurological or muscular disease who can not roll over by their own power. To confirm that the prone position reduces compression of the lungs, chest computed tomography was performed in both the supine and the prone position in three patients. Sagittal images with three-dimensional computed tomographic reconstruction revealed significant sternad displacements of the heart and caudal displacements of the dorsal portion of the diaphragm on prone position compared with supine position. The prone position, motor exercises for rolling over, and biphasic cuirass ventilation are effective in reducing gravity-related lung compression. Some patients with intellectual disabilities were also able to cooperate in chest physiotherapy. Chest physiotherapy is useful in preventing atelectasis in patients with neurological or muscular disease.
Abdomen↗
[Incidence of cerebral palsy in Himeji City in 1983-1997].
We retrospectively investigated the incidence, neuroimaging findings, and motor and intellectual disability of infants with cerebral palsy (CP) who were born between 1983 and 1997. The incidence of CP was found to have increased gradually and the major cause was periventricular leukomalacia. The prognosis of preterm infants was better than that of term infants. These findings suggest that the increase in the incidence of CP has been due mainly to changes in medical care for neonates.
Cerebral Palsy↗
Candidiasis-endocrinopathy syndrome with progressive myopathy.
A women suffering from the candidiasis-endocrinopathy syndrome, developed severe myopathy in her fourth decade and died from it at the age of 37 years. Associated conditions were hypoparathyroidism, vitiligo, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, short stature, intellectual disability, ovarian failure and alopecia totalis. Muscle biopsy findings were non-specific with focal atrophy of type 2 fibres. Serum immunoglobulin levels were normal. The only demonstrable abnormalities of her immune system were impaired T-cell function and antibody production by B-cells (detectable to smooth muscle, mitochondria and gastric parietal cells). The T-cell abnormality may have been part of a more generalized cell defect, resulting from an unidentified genetic abnormality, whilst the circulating antibodies could have been a response to tissue damage. There was no convincing evidence of primary autoimmune damage.
Adult↗
Adaptations for administering the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised to individuals with severe communication and motor dysfunctions.
A method for administering the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised to individuals unable to make oral or fine-motor responses was presented. The method involved binary communication and active interrogation by the examiner utilizing a random strategy. The test was administered in both standard and adapted forms to a group of 25 individuals with a wide range of physical and intellectual disabilities. Results from the two versions were correlated at a level comparable to that reported in the test manual between alternate forms. Viability of the binary format administration was discussed in terms of its use in evaluating cognitive ability of those with the most severe communication and physical limitations.
Adult↗
Advocacy, guardianship and the GP.
Australians have come to realise that they have a right to access high quality health care through their general practitioner. It is essential that people with cognitive impairments through intellectual disability, psychiatric disorders, senility or brain damage are not denied equity of access through their inability to seek medical attention. Those who cannot make reasonable decisions or who cannot understand and give legal consent to operative procedures may need to have a guardian appointed to protect their rights. In other situations an advocate may be appointed if the person's rights are in jeopardy. The general practitioner is often the first person to become aware of the needs of disabled people and is well placed to intervene to ensure the protection of their rights. This includes the right to good health care.
Australia↗
[Adjuvant whole-brain irradiation in small-cell bronchial carcinoma].
PURPOSE: To analyse if prophylactic cranial irradiation in small cell lung cancer for improved survival is indicated; if adjuvant irradiation could cure the microscopic disease; if and how late effects could be minimized. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data from randomized trials and retrospective studies are critically analysed related to the incidence of central nervous system (CNS) metastases in limited disease patients in complete remission with or without prophylactic cranial irradiation. The mechanisms of late effects on CNS of prophylactic cranial irradiation and combined treatment are presented. RESULTS: Prophylactic cranial irradiation could decrease the incidence of CNS metastases but could not improve survival. A subgroup of patients (9 to 14%) most likely to benefit from prophylactic cranial irradiation includes patients who are likely to have an isolated CNS failure. The actual used total dose in the range 30 to 40 Gy could only conditionally decrease the CNS failure. Higher total and/or daily doses and combined treatment are related with potentially devastating neurologic and intellectual disabilities. CONCLUSIONS: No prospective randomized trial has demonstrated a significant survival advantage for patients treated with prophylactic cranial irradiation. Prophylactic cranial irradiation is capable of reducing the incidence of cerebral metastases and delays CNS failure. A subgroup of patients most likely to benefit from prophylactic cranial irradiation (9 to 14%) includes patients who are likely to have an isolated CNS failure, but this had yet to be demonstrated. The toxicity of treatment is difficult to be influenced. Prophylactic cranial irradiation should not be given concurrently with chemotherapy, a larger interval after chemotherapy is indicated. The total dose should be in the range 30 to 36 Gy and the daily fraction size not larger than 2 Gy.
Brain Neoplasms↗
Case management applications in Australia.
Case management approaches in Australia were first introduced in the fields of intellectual disability and vocational rehabilitation in the 1970s and 1980s by major system reformers very much influenced by international trends in these particular fields. A broader diffusion occurred in the 1980s and 1990s with federal and state governments beginning to incorporate case management approaches into key policy documents, particularly in the fields of aging, mental health, and employment. The models of case management introduced have not been particularly sophisticated in terms of financial control nor have many models been specifically evaluated. They have, however, been introduced into a system in which they are underpinned by a basic safety net of universal health coverage and a noncontributory pension system funded out of general revenue. There is now fairly widespread diffusion of the concept and practice of case management across a broad range of client populations and an interest in more sophisticated implementation models.
Australia↗