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At least 1,603 records · Page 89Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Colitic scid mice fed Lactobacillus spp. show an ameliorated gut histopathology and an altered cytokine profile by local T cells.

BACKGROUND: Scid mice transplanted with CD4 T blast cells develop colitis. We investigated if the disease was influenced in colitic mice treated with antibiotic and fed Lactobacillus spp. METHODS: Colitic scid mice were treated for 1 week with antibiotics (vancomycin/meropenem) followed or not followed by a 3-week administration of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM-12246 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus 19070-2 at 2x10 live bacteria/mouse/24 hours. After 12 weeks, the rectums were removed for histology, and CD4 T cells from the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were polyclonally activated for cytokine measurements. RESULTS: Irrespective of no treatment or treatments with antibiotics and probiotics, all mice transplanted with T cell blasts lost 10% of their body weight during the 12-week experimental period, whereas the nontransplanted mice had a 10% weight increase (P<0.001). All mice treated with antibiotics but not fed probiotics showed severe gut inflammation, whereas only 2 of the 7 mice fed probiotics showed signs of severe colitis (P<0.05). MLN-derived CD4 T cells from this latter group of mice showed lower levels of interleukin-4 secretion (P<0.05) and a tendency to higher interferon-gamma production than mice not fed probiotics. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that probiotics added to the drinking water may ameliorate local histopathological changes and influence local cytokine levels in colitic mice but not alter the colitis-associated weight loss.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2004

Fulminant Listeria monocytogenes meningitis complicated with acute hydrocephalus in healthy children beyond the newborn period.

We describe 3 previously healthy Costa Rican children who had Listeria monocytogenes meningitis, an uncommon cause of bacterial meningitis beyond the newborn period in normal subjects. Two of them had initial normal brain computed tomography, but all 3 developed acute hydrocephalus at days 7, 3, and 5, respectively. All required immediate ventriculostomy placement and only 1 of 3 survived. L. monocytogenes should be considered among the etiologies of bacterial meningitis in children who do not respond initially to conventional antimicrobial treatment or who deteriorate rapidly.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2006

Alert surveillance of intensive care unit-acquired Acinetobacter infections in a Sicilian hospital.

The epidemiological impact of Acinetobacter baumannii nosocomial infections in a Sicilian intensive care unit (ICU) was investigated to determine the Acinetobacter-specific infection rates, to estimate the preventable proportion of Acinetobacter infections, i.e., those resulting from cross-transmission, and to investigate the molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter. The impact of Acinetobacter nosocomial infection in the ICU was determined to be 3.0 new cases per 100 admissions. Site-specific rates confirmed that ICU-acquired pneumonia was the most important infection type. The incidence rate, adjusted by the number of patient-days, was 3.3 infections/1000 patient-days. The estimated preventable proportion of A. baumannii nosocomial infections in the ICU was 66.7%. A class 1 integron, characterised by its gene cassette content, was present in all A. baumannii isolates of four different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types, and was associated significantly with clones implicated in cross-transmission episodes. Furthermore, the same integron was detected in two genetically distinct isolates responsible for recurrent infection in the same patient, suggesting the occurrence of horizontal gene transfer in vivo. Even in an endemic setting with low infection rates, spread of A. baumannii was caused mainly by infection control shortcomings that require appropriate surveillance and control policies.

Acinetobacter Infections↗
PubMed2004

[The prevalence of beta-lactamase negative ampicillin resistant Haemophilus influenzae in Mie Prefecture].

Equivalent MIC breakpoints to detect beta-lactamase negative ampicillin resistant Haemophilus influenzae (BLNAR) were controversial. We studied the relationship of drug resistance with gene alterations in 74 clinical isolates of H. influenzae. Out of 74 isolates, 26 showed MIC of ampicillin (ABPC) > or = 1 microg/ml. All isolates, except one, with MIC of ABPC > or = 4 microg/ml were found to produce beta-lactamase, while all 19 isolates with MIC of ABPC at 1 or 2 microg/ml were non-producing. Twenty-six ABPC resistant isolates were subjected to the analysis of genes involved in the drug resistance such as pbp3-1 pbp3-2, and TEM by the Haemophilus influenzae gene detection kit (Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) according to the supplier's instructions. Three (21.4%) of 14 beta-lactamase non-producing isolates with ABPC-MIC of 1 microg/ml had mutations of pbp3-1 gene, while all 5 non-producing isolates with ABPC-MIC of 2 microg/ml showed mutations of both pbp3-1 and pbp3-2 genes. Accordingly, it seems appropriate to set ABPC-MIC > or = 2 microg/ml for detection of BLNAR. In this study, six (8.1%) of 74 isolates were found to be BLNAR, and all of these six isolates were derived from patients of 5 year-old or younger.

Ampicillin Resistance↗
PubMed2006

Endocarditis caused by extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: emergence of resistance to ciprofloxacin and piperacillin-tazobactam during treatment despite initial susceptibility.

Three episodes of bacteremia occurred in the course of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by an extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strain. The second isolate developed resistance to ciprofloxacin and the third isolate to piperacillin-tazobactam (PIP-TZ) following sequential therapy with each agent. The first isolate was resistant to PIP-TZ only at high inocula, the second isolate acquired increased transcription of the acrA gene, and the third isolate became resistant to PIP-TZ due to loss of beta-lactamase inhibition by TZ. We question if and how PIP-TZ susceptibility should be reported for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae.

Ciprofloxacin↗
PubMed1989

In vitro antibacterial activity of SM-7338, a carbapenem antibiotic with stability to dehydropeptidase I.

SM-7338, a new carbapenem antibiotic, was demonstrated to have potent antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of aerobes, including Staphylococcus aureus, beta-hemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria spp., members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp., and gram-positive and gram-negative anaerobes in a collection of 1,102 unselected clinical isolates. At a concentration of 0.5 micrograms/ml, SM-7338 inhibited 90% of these strains. The spectrum of activity of ceftazidime and cefotaxime was more limited, and many of the Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp. were resistant to these agents, piperacillin, or gentamicin. A collection of ofloxacin-resistant strains was inhibited by SM-7338 or imipenem at 4 micrograms/ml. SM-7338 was more active than metronidazole and clindamycin against anaerobes. Of the carbapenems, imipenem had greater activity against staphylococci but SM-7338 was much more active against Haemophilus, Branhamella, and Neisseria spp. and all genera of Enterobacteriaceae tested. The MIC of SM-7338 for 90% of these strains ranged from less than or equal to 0.008 to 0.13 micrograms/ml. When tested against 124 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, SM-7338 inhibited 76% at 0.5 microgram/ml but imipenem inhibited only 15% at this concentration. Both carbapenems exhibited similar activities against Bacteroides spp., but SM-7338 was more active than imipenem against Clostridium spp. The MBC of SM-7338 was most commonly the same as or twice the MIC. SM-7338 and imipenem showed excellent activities against bacteria elaborating chromosome- or plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases, including those conferring resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins. The activity of SM-7338 was generally unaffected by the culture medium used, pH, 25% human serum, and inoculum size, but the susceptibility of Xanthomonas maltophilia was medium dependent.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1989

Multicenter in vitro evaluation of SM-7338, a new carbapenem.

A new carbapenem, SM-7338, was compared with imipenem, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime at five medical centers. Nearly 6,000 strains were tested by reference methods of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, and SM-7338 inhibited the largest percentage of gram-negative bacilli. Its spectrum included all members of the family Enterobacteriaceae (99.7% were susceptible to less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml), Pseudomonas spp. (but not Xanthomonas maltophilia), and Acinetobacter spp. The potency and spectrum of SM-7338 against the gram-positive organisms were less than those of imipenem and superior to those of ceftazidime. Only the enterococci and some oxacillin-resistant staphylococci were less susceptible to SM-7338 (MICs for 90% of isolates, greater than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml). Organisms resistant to ceftazidime were generally susceptible to SM-7338 and imipenem (76%). However, for one-third of the imipenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli (MICs, greater than 8 micrograms/ml), SM-7338 MICs were less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml. Some endemic differences in patterns of SM-7338 activity against selected gram-negative species were found among some medical centers.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗