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PubMed1993

[Phlebography of the leg veins. Study quality and sources of error].

In a retrospective study, 198 contrast venographies were evaluated by two blinded observers for quality of opacification of the venous system and quality of documentation. There was good correlation between the two observers in 91% of the cases. They found an adequate contrast quality in 183 cases (92.4%), while in 15 cases (7.6%) incomplete contrast was found in some parts of the calf or pelvic veins. Most venograms (195, or 98.5%) were adequately documented. In conclusion, contrast venography is an excellent method for evaluation of the venous system, if performed adequately. Nevertheless, there is room for improvement of both technique and documentation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Role of echography and phlebography in the assessment of patients with clinically suspected deep venous thrombosis of the legs].

The roles of US and venography in the evaluation of the patients with clinical suspicion of deep venous thrombosis are discussed relative to personal and literature data. The patients were divided into three groups: outpatients with previous history of venous thrombosis (group I), inpatients without previous history of venous thrombosis (group II) and patients with suspected recurrent venous thrombosis (group III). In group I, compression US yielded very good results: so much so that it can replace venography. In this group of patients, pulsed Doppler added no significant information, while color-Doppler appeared to be a valuable technique. As for the other two groups, venography was confirmed as the most useful technique, even though MR imaging is likely to play, in the future, an important role, since it allows better demonstration of the central thrombus, especially in diffuse occlusive thromboses.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

[The role of color-coded Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of the veins in the lower extremities in comparison with conventional phlebography].

In 19 patients with suspected DVT of the lower limb, the ability to picture the venous system of the leg and the specificities and sensitivities in the detection of intraluminal clots using color Doppler flow imaging have been evaluated in a prospective study while differentiating between the various vessels and have been compared with conventional venography. The overall results are within the limits of other studies. While color Doppler flow imaging tends to be superior to conventional venography in the thigh, the fibular group in the calf presents as a "problem zone" due to anatomic and technical reasons. In spite of this, color Doppler flow imaging can now be recommended as the primary examination modality for evaluating patients with suspected DVT.

Female↗
PubMed1996

[Spermatic phlebography and sclerotherapy of the male varicocele].

Phlebographic sclerotherapy and embolization are better methods, from the biological and cost-effectiveness viewpoints, to treat male varicocele than conventional surgery. On the other hand, positive technical results are not always obtained and the rates of relapses and recurrences are high. A retrospective study was carried out on 70 (of 81) sclerotherapies performed in the Radiology Department of S. Anna Hospital, Turin, from 1993 to September, 1995. The results confirmed the feasibility of this treatment in a nonangiographic department, with technical success rates increasing with growing operators' experience (70% success rate in 1993, vs. more than 95% in 1994-95). Recurrence rate was 4.9% and the rate of limited persistence was 7.3% at clinical and Doppler follow-up ranging 6-24 months (mean: 10.2 months). Both rates appeared to be related to varicocele initial size, increasing progressively from grade I to grade III. Therefore, such new and expensive techniques as balloon or spiral embolization are justified only in the most severe cases. The follow-up showed improved or normalized sperm exams in 70.4% of treated and followed-up patients, with 5 full-term pregnancies. To conclude, sclerotherapy and embolization of the spermatic vein are very good tools to treat male varicocele with subfertility.

Adolescent↗