PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “ASCARIDOIDEA”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Cases of reduced cyathostomin egg-reappearance period and failure of Parascaris equorum egg count reduction following ivermectin treatment as well as survey on pyrantel efficacy on German horse farms.

In 2003 and 2004, on a total of 63 different German horse farms, a survey using the faecal egg count reduction (FECR) test was performed to investigate the efficacy of ivermectin (IVM, Ivomec) and pyrantel (PYR, Banminth) treatment against gastro-intestinal nematodes in a total of 767 horses. IVM treatment resulted in 100% reduction of the cyathostomin egg production 14 and 21 days post-treatment (d.p.t.) on 37 farms. On the remaining five farms, the mean faecal egg count reduction ranged between 97.7 and 99.9%. The mean cyathostomin FECR following PYR treatment ranged between 92.2 and 100% on the 25 farms tested. Therefore, based on the 90% FECR threshold suggested for detection of anthelmintic resistance in horses, neither IVM nor PYR anthelmintic resistance was detected. However, if the thresholds recommended for the detection of resistance in small ruminants were applied, on one and four farms signs of reduced IVM and PYR efficacy, respectively, were observed. In 2005, to further investigate these findings, the cyathostomin egg-reappearance period (ERP) following IVM treatment was examined on six selected farms, two of which were found to show less than 99.8% FECR in the previous survey. On these two latter farms, the ERP was less than 5 weeks, while on the other four it was at least 8 weeks. Earlier investigations described IVM cyathostomin ERP of at least 9 weeks. The efficacy of IVM to reduce Parascaris equorum egg excretion was also studied. On one farm in 2 consecutive years, IVM treatment did not lead to a significant reduction in P. equorum faecal egg counts in one and five young horses, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Eye findings of diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis and multiple choroidal infiltrates associated with neural larva migrans due to Bbaylisascaris procyonis.

PURPOSE: To report childhood infection with Baylisascaris procyonis (raccoon round worm) manifesting as diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) and choroidal infiltrates in association with neurologic disease (neural larva migrans). METHOD: Observational case series, one with eye manifestations of DUSN, the other with choroidal infiltrates, both with severe neurologic degeneration. RESULTS: Indirect immunofluorescence assays on serum and cerebrospinal fluid were positive for B. procyonis in one and serially positive and increasing in the other. Both children had a history of pica and raccoon exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Baylisascaris procyonis infection is associated with two cases of severe neurologic degeneration with ocular lesions: DUSN and choroidal infiltrates. Although B. procyonis is known to cause DUSN, these cases indicate that concomitant ocular migration may accompany neural larva migrans. These are the third and forth cases in the US literature of neural larva migrans due to B. procyonis with eye findings.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

Chromatin diminution in the parasitic nematodes ascaris suum and parascaris univalens.

Chromatin diminution in Parascaris univalens and Ascaris suum undoubtedly represents an interesting case of developmentally programmed DNA rearrangement in higher eukaryotes. It is a complex mechanism involving chromosomal breakage, new telomere addition and DNA degradation, and occurs in all presomatic cells. The process is rather specific with respect to its developmental timing and the chromosomal regions that are eliminated. The functional significance of chromatin diminution still remains an enigma. The fact, however, that single-copy, protein-coding genes are contained in the eliminated DNA demonstrates that in P. univalens and A. suum, there is a qualitative difference between germ-line and somatic genomes, and suggests that chromatin diminution may be used as a "throw-away" approach to gene regulation. We present a hypothesis as to how, during evolution, a partial genome duplication might have been linked to the process of chromatin diminution, in order to provide a selective advantage to parasitic DNA-eliminating nematodes.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis. Morphometric, serologic, and epidemiologic support for Baylisascaris as a causative agent.

PURPOSE: Several nematodes have been postulated as etiologic agents in diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN), but the cause of this condition remains uncertain. The authors report the first case of DUSN from the western United States (northern California), along with morphometric, serologic, and epidemiologic evidence supporting Baylisascaris procyonis as its cause. METHODS: One patient was examined and evaluated for disc edema and transient obscurations of vision. A diagnosis of DUSN was confirmed when a motile nematode was identified within the substance of the patient's retina. Morphometric analysis of the nematode was done from projected fundus photographs. Serologic evidence of Baylisascaris infection was suggested by Western blot analysis. A necropsy was done on 12 raccoons from the area. They were examined for evidence of Baylisascaris infection, previously believed to be nonendemic in the region. RESULTS: The intraocular nematode measured 1727 x 67 microns, most consistent with Baylisascaris. The patient had considerable exposure to raccoons, and was seropositive for B. procyonis infection on Western blot analysis. Necropsy evaluation showed B. procyonis infection in 8 of 12 raccoons examined from the area. CONCLUSIONS: The morphometric, serologic, and epidemiologic findings in this case provide evidence that the raccoon ascarid, B. procyonis, is a cause of the large nematode variant of DUSN.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

First outbreak of Baylisascaris procyonis larva migrans in rabbits in Japan.

A syndrome of progressive neurological signs was noticed in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) kept in a small wildlife park in mid-July 2000. Three out of 12 common raccoons (Procyon lotor) kept in this park were infected with Baylisascaris procyonis, and the larvae were found from affected rabbits. This outbreak is the first proven B. procyonis larva migrans in Japan, and the potential risk of serious zoonosis by this ascarid species should be considered by pet owners, veterinarians, physicians and public health authorities in this country as in North America where raccoons are endemic.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Ascaridoid nematodes of amphibians and reptiles: Multicaecum and Brevimulticaecum.

The genus Multicaecum Baylis 1923, sensu Hartwich 1957, was found to be heterogeneous, comprising species which are released to two distinct genera, namely Multicaecum Bavlis, 1923 and Brevimulticaecum. The latter name is derived from the subgenus Brevinulticaecum Mozgovoy, in Skrjabin, Shikhobalova, and Mozgovoy, 1951 by raising it to generic rank and emending the definition. Multicaecum contains a single species, agile Wedl, 1861 occurring in Crocodylus spp. in Africa, India and Australia, and is characterized by smooth rounded lips, each with a dentigerous ridge comprising small sharp denticles. The excretory pore is level with the nerve ring or behind it, and the ventricular appendices are long and slender. The species gangeticum Maplestone 1930 and quadrata Linstow 1904 are excluded from Multicaecum and regarded as species inquirendae incertae sedis. Brevimulticaecum contains five species occurring in the caimans and the alligator of the New World: baylisi Travassors, 1933 (type species; acuticauda Schuurmans-Stekhoven, 1937 is placed in synonomy under baylisi); stekhoveni Baylis, 1947; tenuicolle Rudolphi, 1819; and two new species. Brevimulticaecum spp. are characterized by flat lips with alate margins and notches, without dentigerous ridges, excretory pore in front of or at nerve ring and the ventriculus with short appendices. The significance of this proposal is discussed in relation to the other genera of ascaridoid nematodes in crocodilians.

Alligators and Crocodiles↗
PubMed1986

Electrophoretic identification of larvae and adults of Anisakis (Ascaridida:Anisakidae).

The relationships between larvae and adults of Anisakis from the Mediterranean Sea and North-East Atlantic Ocean were analysed by multilocus electrophoresis. The correspondence of type I larvae with the A. simplex complex, including the sibling species A. simplex A and B, and of type II larvae with A. physeteris is confirmed. 19 of the 22 loci studied discriminated between the two larval types. Biochemical keys are given for the electrophoretic identification of A. simplex A, A. simplex B and A. physeteris, at both the larval and adult stages.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Distribution of cobalt in parasitic helminths.

The distribution of cobalt in parasitic helminths belonging to the trematodes, cestodes or nematodes was determined by the use of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results of these analyses have demonstrated that growing trematodes (smaller forms) with active oogenesis and spermatogenesis contained more cobalt that older forms (large or very old adults) with empty uteri and large lobulated testes. In cestodes the neck region of cysticerci and immature proglottids of adults showed more cobalt than the cyst portion of cysticerci and hydatid or mature and gravid proglottids of worms. Similarly, the youngest endogenous daughter cysts of Echinococcus granulosus showed more cobalt in their walls than those of larger forms. The element was found more concentrated in nematode eggs than in adult females, irrespective of species of host.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Behaviour and enzyme release by Anisakis sp. larvae (Nematoda: Ascaridida).

Anisakis sp. larvae when incubated in vitro produced secretions/excretions which released the dye from an azocoll substrate, indicating protease activity. The optimal conditions for enzyme release and activity were a temperature of 37 degrees C and a pH of 7.5. In addition the larvae showed peak behavioural activity at 37 degrees C, the body temperature of the final, marine mammalian host. The results are discussed in relation to their possible significance to the invasion of the various hosts in the life-cycle.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Ascaridoid nematodes of South American mammals, with a definition of a new genus.

Ascaridoid nematodes occurring in South American mammals are divided into categories based on their possible origin. The affinities are discussed of five species so far known only from the Neotropical Region. Toxocara alienata (Rudolphi 1819) is reported from Nasua rufa socialis, Procyon cancrivorus, and Tayassus torquatus. The specimens from T. torquatus are described and found most closely to resemble Toxocara mackerrasae from south-east Asian and Austrialian rodents. Anisakis insignis from Inia geoffrensis is transferred back to Peritrachelius Diesing, 1851, on account of the structure of the lips and spicules. P. insignis is shown to exhibit remarkable convergence of lip structure with Lagochilascaris turgida from Didelphis marsupialis. Galeiceps longispiculum (Freitas & Lent, 1941) from Pteronura brasiliensis is confirmed as a species distinct from G. cucullus (Linstow, 1899) and G. spinicollis (Baylis, 1923), but G. simiae (Mosgovoy, 1951) is considered to be a synonym of G. spinicollis. An error in the host record of G. spinicollis is corrected from Cercopithecus leucampyx kandti to Lutra maculicollis kivuana. Ascaris dasypodina Baylis, 1922 from armadillos, including Cabassous unicinctus and Tolypeutes matacos, is redescribed and placed in a new genus Bairdascaris. The question is raised as to whether some species in Lagochilascaris, Galeiceps, and Toxocara may have crossed directly by sea from Africa to South America, rather than entering via North America.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The measurement of Ascaris suum protein by radioimmunoassay in sera from patients with helminthiasis and with gastrointestinal diseases.

In this study, we have developed a reliable radioimmunoassay (RIA) for Ascaris suum protein (Asp) and have measured the serum concentration of Asp in control subjects and in patients with helminthiasis and a variety of gastrointestinal diseases. The cross-reactivities of Asp antibody with other helminth worm antigens were also measured by RIA. Ascaris lumbricoides contained approximately the same amount of Asp antigenic substance as did Ascaris suum. Toxocara canis had a high concentration of a substance partially cross-reactive with Asp. Small amounts of substance cross-reacting with Asp were also exhibited by Anisakis larvae, Schistosoma japonicum and Taenia saginata. However, no cross-reactivities of Fasciola hepatica and Paragonimus westermani with Asp were observed in this study. Almost all the serum levels of Asp from normal control subjects were below the sensitivity of this RIA (10 ng/ml). High concentrations of Asp were observed in sera from patients with ascariasis (64.5 +/- 18.8 ng/ml: mean +/- S.E.), anisakiasis (75.2 +/- 28.0 ng/ml), toxocariasis (78.4 +/- 31.3 ng/ml) and schistosomiasis japonica (14.3 +/- 3.4 ng/ml). Asp levels in sera from patients with other helminthiasis were not significantly high. From these findings, it was suggested that RIA for Asp may not be specific for diagnosis of ascariasis, but might be a suitable screening method for patients with some kinds of helminthiasis. Interestingly, high concentrations of Asp were also observed in sera from patients with ulcerative colitis (24.8 +/- 2.5 ng/ml) and Crohn's disease (19.8 +/- 5.2 ng/ml), but Asp levels from 7 other gastrointestinal diseases seemed not to be significantly high. These findings remain unexplained but may derive from cross-reactivities between helminthic and gut mucosal antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Genetic structure of Anisakis physeteris, and its differentiation from the Anisakis simplex complex (Ascaridida: Anisakidae).

The genetic structure of Anisakis physeteris from the Mediterranean Sea has been analysed electrophoretically at 22 enzyme loci. The samples studied, although differing in the life-stage (larvae and adults), and in the host (the fishes Micromesistius poutassou and Trachurus trachurus, and the sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus) were genetically homogeneous. Of these loci 11 (Ldh, Sod, Np, Adk-2, Pgm-1, Est-1, Est-2, Acph-1, Acph-2, Lap-2 and Ca) were found to be monomorphic, while the other 11 (Sdh, Mdh, Idh, 6-Pgdh, G3pdh, Got, Adk-1, Pgm-2, Lap-1, Mpi and Gpi) showed from 2 to 7 alleles. The following values of genetic variability were estimated: He = 0.11, P = 0.50, A = 1.95. Distinct alleles were found between A. physeteris and the A. simplex complex at 19 out of the 22 loci studied, and only few rare alleles were shared at the remaining 3 loci. The genetic divergence between A. physeteris and A. simplex A and B is therefore very high, the values of Nei's index D being 7.384 and 6.443 respectively (I = 0.001 and 0.002). The assignation of A. physeteris and the A. simplex complex to two distinct subgenera, Skrjabinisakis and Anisakis, as proposed by Mosgovoy on a morphological basis, appears to be fully justified according to our genetic data.

Alleles↗