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Results for “Adiposity”

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At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMed1978

[Studies on the excitation-metabolism coupling mechanism in brown adipose tissues, 2; Effects of K+ and norepinephrine on the lipolysis in brown adipose tissues (author's transl)].

This investigation was undertaken to clarify the lipolytic response caused by K+ and norepinephrine in brown adipose tissues. 1. Lipolytic response was obviously observed at the concentration of 50 mM in the K+-induced stimulation, and at 1.0 microgram/ml in the norepinephrine-induced stimulation, respectively. 2. K+- and norepinephrine-stimulated lipolysis were inhibited in the Ca2+-deficient tissues, and were inhibited by the addition of Mg2+, Mn2+ and La3+. 3. In the K+-stimulated lipolysis Ca2+ could be substituted only by Sr2+, while in the norepinephrine-stimulated lipolysis the substitution was possible with both Sr2+ and Ba2+. 4. K+- and norepinephrine-stimulated lipolysis were inhibited by the addition of propranolol and procaine. Accordingly, these positive results suggest that K+- and norepinephrine-stimulated lipolysis are dependent on the presence of Ca2+, and are related to the movements of Ca2+ and cyclic AMP system in the cells.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗

PubMed1980

Subcutaneous adipose tissue cellularity of swine with different propensities for adipose tissue growth.

Middle subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were excised dorsal to the first rib, lat rib, and last lumbar vertebrae of lean and obese swine (Yorkshire and Ossabaw gilts) one year of age. Average backfat thickness per 100 kg body weight was approximately five fold greater for obese swine (6.8 versus 1.5 cm, respectively). Adipocyte diameter and volume distributions were determined after fixation with OsO4 with a Coulter Counter. To preclude connective tissue debris contribution to adipocyte number determinations, 8 M urea was used to solubilize connective tissue. Within a breed among tissue sites no differences in adipocyte size distributions were observed. Adipocyte diameter distributions for first rib, last rib, and last lumbar were significantly biphasic for lean and obese swine. However, the diameter distributions were markedly different between lean and obese swine. Twice as many small cells (20-30 micrometer diameter) were present in distributions from obese swine. Maximum cell diameter for lean and obese swine was 140 and 190 micrometer, respectively. The appearance of biphasic diameter distributions in lean and obese swine one year old suggests that adipocyte hyperplasia is continuing long after the time earlier work had suggested that hyperplasia had ceased.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1993

Adipose cell hyperplasia and enhanced glucose disposal in transgenic mice overexpressing GLUT4 selectively in adipose tissue.

To gain insight into the molecular pathogenesis of obesity and specifically the role of nutrient partitioning in the development of obesity, we overexpressed the insulin-responsive glucose transporter (GLUT4) in transgenic mice under the control of the fat-specific aP2 fatty acid-binding protein promoter/enhancer. Two lines of transgenic mice were generated, which overexpressed GLUT4 6-9-fold in white fat and 3-5-fold in brown fat with no overexpression in other tissues. In vivo glucose tolerance was enhanced in transgenic mice. In isolated epididymal, parametrial, and subcutaneous adipose cells from transgenic mice, basal glucose transport was 20-34-fold greater than in nontransgenic littermates. Insulin-stimulated glucose transport was 2-4-fold greater in cells from transgenic mice. Total body lipid was increased 2-3-fold in transgenic mice overexpressing GLUT4 in fat. Surprisingly, fat cell size was unaltered and fat cell number was increased > 2-fold. This is the first animal model in which increased fat mass results solely from adipocyte hyperplasia and it will be a valuable model for understanding the mechanisms responsible for fat cell replication and/or differentiation in vivo.

Adipocytes↗

PubMed1992

Adiposity and growth: relationship of stature at fourteen years with relative body weight at different ages and several measures of adiposity and body bulk.

A non-probabilistic sample of 354 healthy adolescents (182 boys and 172 girls) with ages ranging from 13.6 to 14.5 years was studied. Measurements of mid-arm muscle, thigh and leg circumferences, triceps and subscapular skinfolds, and records of body weight and height at one, four, six and twelve years of age were available. The sexual maturation stage of all subjects was also determined. Height at fourteen years was found to be significantly associated with relative body weight at different ages in both sexes, and particularly with the relative weight at twelve months. Height is more strongly related with indicators of lean body mass than with indicators of adiposity, especially in boys. The stage of sexual development is also an important determinant of stature at fourteen years of age. The results seem to support the hypothesis that the same factors which increase fat deposition, contribute to increase lean tissues and linear growth.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1965