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PubMed1998

Parent-adolescent congruency in reports of adolescent sexual behavior and in communications about sexual behavior.

Agreement between mothers' and adolescents' reports of communication about sex, satisfaction with the parent-child relationship, maternal disapproval of adolescent sexual activity, and adolescent sexual behavior was investigated in a sample of 745 African American adolescents (ages 14-17) and their mothers. Congruence between the 2 sets of reports tended to be low. Adolescent perceptions and reports were found to be more predictive of adolescent sexual behavior than maternal reports. Mothers tended to underestimate the sexual activity of their teens and teens tended to underestimate their mother's level of disapproval of their engaging in sexual activity. Reasons for these misperceptions were explored.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Suicidal behavior among adolescents].

Some data from the literature on adolescent suicidal behaviour are reported: incidence, employed methods, warning signs, risk factors, some psychodynamic aspects. The purpose of this work is to contribute to the study on this matter by a research on 33 adolescents (12 males, 21 females: mean age 14 years, range 11.2-17 years) examined because of suicidal behaviour. The study method includes: anamnesis, psychodiagnostic inquiry, family and environmental investigation, psychiatric evaluation. Suicidal behaviour is characterized by low levels of determined self-elimination intent ("suicidal gestures") in 36% of cases (1 male, 11 females). Relapses are found in 35% of cases, with death in 1 case. The most frequently used methods is drug poisoning (65%). Most common place where suicidal behaviour takes place is at home (82%). Most show warning signs especially verbal threats. Some problem in the family situation (conflicts in the parental couple or between parents and children, psychopathologic disturbances in the parents) and frequent difficulties in school and social adjustment are evident. In 45% a depressed state was noted, in the other cases several psychopathologic disturbances have been found: hysteric neurosis, borderline personality, psychosis. In 30% of cases symptoms coexist with a self-injuring meanings (nervous anorexia, pseudo-epileptic seizures). Prevalent psychodynamic characteristics are: vulnerability in facing frustrating situations and research of support from inadequate parental figures: displacement from hetero-direct aggressive drives to an expiratory or revengeful self wounding behaviour. Some criteria for an emergency care and for a middle to long term treatment are mentioned, and the opportunity for collaboration between pediatricians and psychotherapists is suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Adolescent personality disorders associated with violence and criminal behavior during adolescence and early adulthood.

OBJECTIVE: A community-based, longitudinal prospective study was conducted to investigate whether personality disorders during adolescence are associated with elevated risk for violent behavior during adolescence and early adulthood. METHOD: A community-based sample of 717 youths from upstate New York and their mothers were interviewed in 1983, 1985-1986, and 1991-1993. Axis I and II disorders were assessed in 1983 and 1985-1986. Antisocial personality disorder was not assessed because most participants were less than 18 years of age in 1983 and 1985-1986. Violent behavior was assessed in 1985-1986 and 1991-1993. RESULTS: Adolescents with a greater number of DSM-IV cluster A or cluster B personality disorder symptoms were more likely than other adolescents in the community to commit violent acts during adolescence and early adulthood, including arson, assault, breaking and entering, initiating physical fights, robbery, and threats to injure others. These associations remained significant after controlling for the youths' age and sex, for parental psychopathology and socioeconomic status, and for co-occurring psychiatric disorders during adolescence. Paranoid, narcissistic, and passive-aggressive personality disorder symptoms during adolescence were independently associated with risk for violent acts and criminal behavior during adolescence and early adulthood after the covariates were controlled. CONCLUSIONS: Cluster A and cluster B personality disorders and paranoid, narcissistic, and passive-aggressive personality disorder symptoms during adolescence may increase risk for violent behavior that persists into early adulthood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The association of foster care or kinship care with adolescent sexual behavior and first pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: Each year more than 500 000 children enter out-of-home placement. Few outcome studies of these children specifically address high-risk sexual behavior and adolescent pregnancy. Our study investigated the relationship between living in kinship or foster care and high-risk reproductive behaviors in a nationally representative sample of women. METHODS: Data from 9620 women ages 15 to 44 years in the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth were analyzed in a cross-sectional study. Three groups-foster (n = 89), kinship (n = 513), and comparison (n = 9018)-were identified on the basis of self-reported childhood living situations. Bivariate and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. The outcome variables were age at first sexual intercourse and at first conception and the number of sexual partners. RESULTS: After adjustment for multiple predictor variables, foster care was associated with younger age at first conception (difference: 11.3 months) and having greater than the median number of sexual partners (odds ratio: 1.7, 1.0-2.8). Kinship care was associated with younger age both at first intercourse (difference = 6 months) and at first conception (difference: 8.6 months) and having greater than the median number of sexual partners (odds ratio: 1.4, 1.1-1.8). There were no differences between the kinship and foster groups. CONCLUSIONS: A history of living in either foster or kinship care is a marker for high-risk sexual behaviors, and the risk is comparable in both out-of-home living arrangements. Recognition of these risks may enable health care providers to intervene with high-risk youth to prevent early initiation of sexual intercourse and early pregnancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

The social environments of adolescents: associations between socioenvironmental factors and health behaviors during adolescence.

The social worlds of the adolescent and their potential effect on health behavior are the focus of this chapter. Social cognitive theory, resiliency theories, and the theoretical implications of focusing on lifestyle patterns of adolescents are discussed in order to provide a theoretical frame of reference for viewing the complex interactions between individual factors, socioenvironmental factors, and health-related behaviors among adolescents. Factors within the different social environments (family, school, peers, and community) are discussed and some general recommendations based upon empirical research findings and theories about adolescent health behavior are made.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Social and behavioral factors associated with high-risk sexual behavior among adolescents.

Relationships among risky sexual behaviors, other problem behaviors, and the family and peer context were examined for two samples of adolescents. Many adolescents reported behaviors (e.g., promiscuity or nonuse of condoms) which risked HIV or other sexually transmitted disease infection. Such risky behaviors were significantly intercorrelated. Consistent condom use was rare among those whose behavior otherwise entailed the greatest risk of infection. In both samples, an index of high-risk sexual behavior was significantly related to antisocial behavior, cigarette smoking, and illicit drug or alcohol use. Social context variables, including family structure, parenting practices, and friends' engagement in problem behaviors, were associated with high-risk sexual behavior. Finally, for sexually active adolescents, problem behaviors and social context variables were predictive of nonuse of condoms. Results were consistent across the two studies and regression weights held up well under cross-validation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[The silent cry: epidemiology, detection and prevention of suicidal behavior in adolescence].

Suicide during adolescence represents the second major cause of death in Western European countries. In Switzerland, death rates for suicide approximate 4 in 100,000 among girls and 20 in 100,000 among 15- to 19-year-old boys. These rates are four times higher for young adults from 20 to 24. Swiss adolescents exhibit the highest death rate by suicide among developed countries, and these rates have increased during the last 15 years at a faster pace than in the general population. Suicide attempts, above all by ingestion of drugs, represent a very common cause of hospitalization, especially among girls. The annual rate of suicide attempts approximates per thousand. The causes for suicidal conduct as well as its circumstances are various. The best prevention remains an individual approach. Health professionals as well as professionals from other background (teachers, social workers) have thus to find appropriate answers: When they meet adolescents who seem to suffer from psychosocial burdens, they should always look for suicidal thoughts or projects and then, if necessary, offer a therapeutic frame (on an individual basis or within the family). Prevention within the general public should mainly address nonspecific topics, such as the mental health of adolescents, their coping abilities and their environment; prevention programs specifically addressing the problem of suicide among adolescents have not proven beneficial and may even be harmful. On an individual as well as a collective level, each professional should be alert to his own psychological attitudes and reactions, which may be counter-productive if he is overwhelmed by the fears and stress that the act or threat of suicide generates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Measuring the compliance behavior of adolescents wearing orthopedic braces.

This paper reports the observed difference between two measures of compliance in wearing an orthopedic brace among teenagers affected by idiopathic scoliosis. The first measure was obtained with a small device called a "compli-o-meter" that was developed specifically for this purpose. When fastened to an orthopedic brace, this instrument determines the brace's actual wearing time. The second compliance measure was derived from a questionnaire-interview administered to the participants. The subjects were 40 female teenagers aged between 10 and 16 years who had been wearing an orthopedic brace for 18 months or less. While the compliance rate reported by the participants averaged 88%, the actual rate measured by the compli-o-meter was only 33%. Pearson's correlation was r = .33, with a significance of p < .05 between these two measurements. Care should be exerted in assessing the therapeutic efficiency of an orthopedic brace based exclusively on a patient's reported compliance level. In particular, basing a recommendation to change the brace based solely on this information may result in erroneous and serious therapeutic actions. The efficiency of orthopedic braces should be assessed on objective measures of the actual compliance rate wherever possible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Successful contraceptive behavior among adolescent mothers: are there predictors?

Of 43 adolescent mothers who had been enrolled in a specialized program of prenatal care, 20 reported no subsequent unplanned pregnancy for 2 years. Descriptive statistics were used to identify differences between these nonrepeaters and 23 repeaters. The locus-of-control framework provided the theoretical basis for the study. The two study groups and those lost to follow-up were similar in demographic characteristics. School attendance, contraceptive knowledge, use of contraception, locus of control, and maternal support did not effectively differentiate the two groups. Program activities, including attendance at prenatal groups and nurse/social worker visits, also did not explain recidivism. Implications of these findings for health care providers and for further research are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychopharmacology of violent behavior in adolescents.

The aim of this review is to discuss the biological basis for the pharmacotherapy of violence in adolescents. The current and updated views on the etiology, biochemistry and neuroanatomy of violence in youth are presented. Concepts in the treatment and the pharmacological agents that are used both in short and long term are discussed and we conclude with some of recent findings in the exciting field of genetics of violence. The review emphasizes that treatment should always combine a socio-psycho-biological and multi-disciplinary approach, because any single treatment for violence cannot stands on its own.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Detecting dysfunctional behavior in adolescents: the examination of relationships using neural networks.

We describe a neural network that models the effect of personality, social, and environmental variables on hopelessness in adolescents. A sensitivity analysis suggests the effect that variation in each of the input variables will have on the output. Clinical implications are that health professionals can focus their attention on the variables most likely to impact upon the outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Adolescent verbal behavior. An investigation of noncontent styles as related to race and delinquency status.

This investigation assessed the relationship of race and delinquent status with the noncontent verbal behavior of adolescent males. A standardized videotape interview was used to ensure consistent stimulus presentation. Sixteen white and sixteen black delinquents were compared with equal numbers of nondelinquents on the noncontent verbal measures of total time (performance time), units (frequency), and latency. It was predicted that nondelinquents would be more verbal than delinquents and whites would be more verbal than blacks. No racial differences were found. Delinquents, however, were found to talk significantly less than nondelinquents and to have significantly longer verbal latencies. Discussion of these results centered on the verbal demand characteristics of certain settings, such as classrooms and court hearings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The Disruptive Behavior Scale: an objective assessment of unmanageable social behavior in adolescents.

The Disruptive Behavior Scale, a 26-item behavioral checklist, provides an objective measure of socially unacceptable public secondary school behavior and may prove to be of value in determining public school exit and reentry plans for disruptive adolescents. The checklist may be completed in 15-25 minutes and does not require direct administration. Test-retest reliability scores were significant (p less than .05) for all items; item-whole test scores were significant for all but 2 items. Both initial and replication validity studies that involved comparisons between public school students and adolescents expelled from public schools yielded significant differences (p less than .05) in the expected direction.

Adolescent↗