SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Alexia, Pure”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

157 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMed1977

[Alexia without agraphia (clinicotomographic correlation)].

Two cases of alexia without agraphia, one due to a cerebrovascular accident which improved spontaneously and the other in a cerebral abscess partially recovered after surgical treatment are presented. Both were anatomically verified by computed tomography. The second was also verified at surgery. A small well localized lesion of the fusiform and lingual gyri in the dominant hemisphere can lead to alexia without agraphia. The lack of involvement of the optic radiation and calcarine fissure explain the abscence of visual field defects and hence the purest type of this syndrome as shown in our first case. The involvement of the splenium of the corpus calosus and related forceps majors seems essential for a long lasting reading defect. The integrity of the dorsal or superior splenium is responsible for the abscence of the color warning defect found on about 30% of the cases of pure word blindness. The severity and ultimate progression of the alexia will depend not only upon the extension of the dominant occipital lesion but of its association with the damage of other possible pathways. A slowly growing and potentially treatable expanding lesion, as in our second case, can also produce an almost pure form of the syndrome. It appears to us that the wider use of CT will allow on the near future will lead to a better knowledge of the anatomical lesions and a better understanding of this fascinating syndrome.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Pure agraphia. Apropos of 2 cases].

Pure agraphia is a disorder of written language without aphasia, alexia or apraxia. Its existence has long been disputed. We report 2 cases due to a left parietal hematoma. In the first patient, with a deep precuneate lesion, agraphia included disorders in handwriting and orthographic problems in copying or writing from dictation with the two hands. The second patient, with a lesion of the postero-inferior part of the left angular gyrus, made errors in choice and combination of letters during dictation, whereas these same letters were well-written and copying was normal. The first cases of pure agraphia were ascribed to frontal lesions and then confusional states. Current opinion tends to implicate parietal lesions of various types: superior or inferior, internal or external. Findings in the present 2 cases and those reported indicate that pure parietal agraphia is heterogeneous.

Aged↗

PubMed1977

[Transient agraphia due to a left parieto-occipital glioma in a right-handed patient: amnesic or "pure" agraphia? (author's transl)].

The authors investigate a case of agraphia induced by a left parieto-occipital tumor (glioma) in a right-handed 67 year-old patient. After three successive neuropsychological examinations it still proves immensely difficult to determine whether defects of spontaneous writing, dictation and copy are due to apraxia, alexia or motor disturbances. The authors discuss whether the clinical findings indicate a "pure agraphia" syndrome or "amnesic agraphia". Finally, problems of aetiology and lesional localisation are examined in the light of the literature. (Acta neurol. belg., 1977, 77, 321-330).

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Space-occupying lesions of the occupital lobe of the cerebral cortex].

The authors report 90 cases of space occupying lesions originating in the occipital lobe, including 58 primary (26 malignant gliomas, II "benign" gliomas, 19 meningiomas, I sarcoma nad I hémangioblastoma (and 32 secondary masses (i. e. 16 metastatic tumors, 15 abcesses and I hydatid cyst). The onset of clinical features was progressive (gradual increase of intracranial pressure : 59 p. 100) rather than acute (41 p. 100 mostly as a visual (II) or a non visual (10) epileptic seizure). The time elapsed between the first symptom and the surgical procedure in any case appeared to be much shorter than in masses with other hemispheric localisation. This is thought to be due to the precocity and the intensity of the increased intracranial pressure, in relation to the blocage of posterior venous drainage. Increased intracranial pressure : only 7,7 p. 100 of the patient were free of IIP. Fundal changes are of little value in excluding this finding since no less than 3 months of evolution are necessary for their appearence. Visual disturbances consisted of acute obscurations (7.7 p. 100), controlateral deviations of head and eyes (3.3 p. 100) and visual field defects = 10 p. 100 of the patients were comatose and unable to be examined, 16.6 p. 100 had normal visual field. All the others had visual field defects wich could be evaluated by campimetric examination in only 26.6 p. 100. These included 14 hemiopias (7 without macular sparing) and 10 quadranopsia, always with incongruence (4 superior and 6 inferior). When the mass was strictly occipital, the same disparity was observed. Finally these visual field defects appeared to be variable and could well recover after surgery. Visual hallucinations were mostly of elementary type (21 p. 100) and always controlateral in cases of strictly occipital lesions. Elaborate hallucinations were rare (2 patients with extensive lesions). 8.8 p. 100 suffered from visual illusions wich always were related to large and right-sided masses. Disturbances of higher functions : Alexia was seen in 33 p. 100 of the left-sided masses (24 p. 100 "agraphic", 9 p. 100 "pure word blindness") Space agnosias of different type was found in 10 p. 100 of the patients, sometimes with purely occipital tumors.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Acquired alexia with agraphia syndrome in childhood.

The acquired alexia with agraphia syndrome is a conspicuous disorder of reading and writing in the absence of significant other language impairments that has mainly been recorded in adults. Pure cases are rare, with most patients displaying mild aphasic deficits. In children, acquired reading and writing disorders are generally reported as part of more encompassing aphasic syndromes affecting oral and written language equally, for example, Broca or Wernicke aphasia. Documented instances of predominant acquired reading and writing disorders in childhood are exceptional. We report an 11-year-old, right-handed boy who sustained a left temporoparieto-occipital hematoma following rupture of an arteriovenous malformation and who consecutively presented with the acquired alexia with agraphia syndrome associated with word-finding difficulties. Neuropsychologic and neurolinguistic data showed that there was no concomitant Gerstmann and/or angular gyrus syndrome. Th e recoveryfrom the anomia was quite favorable, but recovery of written language was more protracted and acted on the patient's further scholastic achievement. This case is reminiscent of a historical childhood case reported in 1939 and is consonant with adult cases in terms of lesion location and semiologic picture.

Agraphia↗

PubMed1988

Pure agraphia and Gerstmann's syndrome as a visuospatial-language dissociation: an experimental case study.

A right-handed man suffered a left parieto-occipital cerebral infarction, causing agraphia with Gerstmann's syndrome but without major aphasia, alexia, or apraxia. Oral spelling was superior to written spelling. Experiments were performed involving (1) analysis of errors in writing, (2) tasks of visual imagery, and (3) identifying letters drawn without leaving a visual trace. The results suggest that the agraphia and Gerstmann's syndrome are due to a dissociation of language skills and visuospatial skills caused by a dominant parieto-occipital lesion.

Aged↗

PubMed2001

Door but not four and 4 a category specific transcoding deficit in a pure acalculic patient.

We report a left parietal damaged, acalculic, non aphasic patient who showed a specific deficit in reading Arabic and spelled-out numerals. Word reading was flawless, while he showed a severe impairment in reading meaningless strings of phonemes (phonological alexia). He also showed a dissociation between the preserved ability to retrieve knowledge about general facts and the impairment in retrieving cardinal, personal and non-personal numerical facts. These findings point to a separate organization in the brain of the numerical domain.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Reversed laterality of cerebral functions in a non-right-hander: neuropsychological and spect findings in a case of 'atypical' dominance.

A 54-year-old non-right-handed man with positive familial sinistrality showed a pure right hemisphere syndrome following a left hemisphere stroke. Severe right side hemineglect, transcortical motor dysprosodia, spatial dysgraphia and visuo-constructive impairments were observed. At no time were the expected left hemisphere abnormalities such as aphasia, alexia, right-left disorientation or finger agnosia noted. A left fronto-temporal subcortical lesion was documented on CT scan. A Tc-99m HM-PAO SPECT study revealed no cerebral blood flow changes in the right hemisphere while in the left hemisphere a fronto-temporo-parietal cerebral blood flow reduction was evident. This case of a complete reversed laterality of cognitive functions argues for a distinction to be made between 'anomalous' cerebral dominance and 'atypical' cerebral dominance.

Brain↗

PubMed2005

Classic transient erythroblastopenia of childhood with human parvovirus B19 genome detection in the blood and bone marrow.

The etiology of transient erythroblastopenia of childhood (TEC) remains unknown, although an association with viral infections has been proposed. The authors describe a 3.5-year-old girl with classic TEC concomitantly with human parvovirus B19 (HPV) infection. The infection was evident by detection of HPV genome in the blood and the bone marrow by polymerase chain reaction. Viral genome was no longer detected when the TEC resolved clinically. The patient was immunocompetent and the anemia has not recurred. To the authors' knowledge, this is one of the few documented cases of classic TEC attributable to HPV infection.

Blood↗

PubMed1999

Restorative and compensatory therapy approaches in cerebral blindness - a review.

In the first part of this review, different types of homonymous Visual Field Disorders (VFDs) and their resulting visual disabilities are analyzed in 313 patients with VFDs and 141 patients without VFDs from a neurorehabilitation centre for adults. Homonymous hemianopia was the most frequent visual field loss (54.7 %), followed by hemiamblyopia (23.3 %), quadrantanopia (15.3 %) and paracentral scotomata (6.7 %). About 70 % of all VFD patients had a visual field sparing of 5 degrees or less (macula or foveal sparing). Patients with VFDs frequently showed two types of disabilities: hemianopic alexia was subjectively reported and objectively found in 50-90 % of all patients, and visual exploration deficits in the scotoma were complained and found in 17-70 % of the VFD patients. While hemianopic alexia was related to parafoveal visual field sparing, and additionally to visual acuity in patients with bilateral VFDs, visual exploration deficits were correlated to the size of the area in the scotoma in which the patient searched for a stimulus with saccadic eye movements (search field). The size of the search field in the intact hemifield was not related to visual exploration deficits in unilateral VFDs. As a third disability, visual-spatial deficits in VFD patients are summarized. In the second part, restorative and compensatory treatment approaches for postchiasmatic VFDs are reviewed. Partial restitution of blind regions in the visual field is achieved in the majority of patients treated with purely restorative methods including saccadic localization or light detection in the scotoma. However, the amount of the visual field recovered is limited to 5-12 degrees (mean) in 90 % of these patients. Compensatory treatments seek to improve the substitution of the lost field region by large-scale saccadic eye movements to the scotoma, spatially organized search strategies in both visual hemifields, and by training small-scale eye movements required for reading. Significant improvements in these areas are achieved in 95 % of all VFD patients with these treatment techniques, with documented transfer to visually related activities of daily living. Furthermore, a significant though limited visual field increase of 5-7 degrees is achieved in 30-50 % of patients treated in this way. In the final section, promising approaches that might lead to new treatment techniques for VFDs are reviewed. Among these are the gaze-dependant modulation of scotomata, training-dependant enlargement of the useful field of view, a nd t he uncovering of residual visuomotor capacities to visual stimuli in a scotoma.

Journal Article↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Quality of sexual life and satisfaction in female partners of men with ED: psychometric validation of the Index of Sexual Life (ISL) questionnaire.

Effective treatments for erectile dysfunction (ED) are available, however, reestablishing erectile function does not necessarily reestablish a satisfying sexual relationship. To assess broader influences on treatment discontinuation than pure efficacy, we developed and psychometrically validated the Index of Sexual Life (ISL) to measure the impact of ED on female partners' sexuality. This 11-item instrument measures sexual life satisfaction, sexual drive and general life satisfaction. Good construct validity, criterion validity, and reproducibility were demonstrated. Female partners of men with ED report significantly lower levels of sexual satisfaction and sexual drive than those without ED. The ISL is successfully validated.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

The cognitive profile of posterior cortical atrophy.

BACKGROUND: Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a progressive dementia characterized by prominent disorders of higher visual processing, affecting both dorsal and ventral streams to cause Balint's syndrome, alexia, and visual agnosia. OBJECTIVE: To define the cognitive profile of PCA and compare to the typical, primary amnestic dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT). METHODS: The authors used standard cognitive tests and a novel battery designed to reflect dysfunction in both ventral (Object, Face & Color Agnosia Screen [OFCAS]) and dorsal (complex pictures and compound stimuli) visual streams. The authors identified 19 patients with PCA and compared their performance to a matched group of patients with DAT and normal controls. RESULTS: Patients with PCA were younger with marked impairment in visuospatial tasks, reading, and writing but relative preservation of memory compared to DAT using standard tests. Dorsal stream signs were most prevalent among the patients with PCA with no pure ventral stream syndromes found. All novel tests distinguished reliably between subjects with complex picture descriptions and processing of compound stimuli showing the most significant differences compared to DAT. CONCLUSIONS: PCA is predominantly a dorsal stream syndrome, distinct from typical DAT, which involves occipitotemporal regions over time.

Aged↗

PubMed2026

Repair and regeneration across the lifespan: an ontogenetic perspective.

The capacity for tissue repair and regeneration undergoes a profound and progressive decline across the human lifespan, representing a fundamental driver of aging and chronic disease. This review establishes a comprehensive ontogenetic framework by mapping the continuous biological transition from the flawless, scarless regenerative plasticity of embryonic development to the irreversible fibrotic scarring and organ failure characteristic of senescence. We synthesize the hierarchical collapse of reparative networks across multiple biological scales. Importantly, this ontogenetic decline should not be interpreted as a purely degenerative trajectory but rather as a dynamic systems-level reprogramming in which evolutionary trade-offs prioritize tumor suppression, immune surveillance, and reproductive fitness over long-term regenerative fidelity. Recognizing this adaptive reallocation of biological resources reframes aging not simply as failure but as a predictable recalibration of repair hierarchies. At the molecular and cellular levels, the accumulation of genomic instability, unresolvable DNA damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction gradually overwhelms intracellular quality-control mechanisms. Concurrently, epigenetic drift and chronic, low-grade systemic inflammation ("inflammaging") dismantle the stem cell niche, driving adult stem cell exhaustion and shifting wound healing away from functional tissue replacement toward maladaptive fibrosis. Furthermore, we examine divergent, organ-specific repair trajectories. By contrasting the severe regenerative restrictions of the adult central nervous system and myocardium with the persistent, yet exhaustible, resilience of the liver, we elucidate the unique intrinsic and microenvironmental barriers that impede structural and functional recovery. Finally, we evaluate the clinical paradigm shift from passive management of age-related degeneration to active restoration of tissue integrity. By integrating systemic geroscience-which addresses the global hallmarks of aging-with targeted bioengineering and in vivo epigenetic modulation, contemporary regenerative medicine seeks to recreate permissive, youthful microenvironments. Ultimately, mastering these ontogenetic principles holds unprecedented potential to reactivate endogenous repair pathways, mitigate multi-organ collapse, and significantly extend human functional healthspan.

DNA repair↗